In the Solow growth model, capital accumulation is the main driver of economic growth. In this model, capital per worker increases with the saving rate, so the saving rate determines the long-term growth rate. The Golden Rule saving rate is the saving rate that maximizes consumption per worker. It is the saving rate that leads to the highest sustainable level of consumption per worker.
In Solow growth model without productivity growth, the production function is K¹/³L²/³, population growth is n = .01, and depreciation is d = .05. We can find the Golden Rule saving rate that achieves maximum consumption per worker by following the steps below:-
The per-worker production function is given byf(k) = k¹/³ (A L)²/³ = (A/4) (kL)²/³where k = K/L and A is a constant representing technology. We can write the steady-state equation as:sf(k) – (n + d)k = 0where s is the saving rate. In the absence of technological progress, the saving rate determines the long-run growth rate.In the steady state, we havek* = [s/(n + d)]¹/1–αf(k*) = sf(k*) = (n + d)k*We want to find the Golden Rule saving rate that maximizes consumption per worker. Since consumption per worker is given byc = (1 – s)f(k*)we can write the per-worker consumption function as:c = (1 – s) (A/4) (k*)²/³The first-order condition for maximizing consumption per worker with respect to the saving rate isdc/ds = – (A/4) (k*)²/³ = 0s* = 1/3 and the second-order condition isd²c/ds² = (2A/27) (k*)⁴/³ < 0Therefore, s* = 1/3 is the Golden Rule saving rate that achieves maximum consumption per worker.
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a)
Critically analyses how changes in corporate governance and
stakeholder expectations about corporate social responsibility
(CSR) may require Emirates Group to develop new capabilities and
influence
Changes in corporate governance and stakeholder expectations regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) can significantly impact an organization like Emirates Group, requiring the development of new capabilities and influencing strategic choices.
Based on the analysis using the Stakeholder Theory and the VRIO framework, Emirates Group may need to invest in developing new capabilities related to CSR and sustainability to meet changing stakeholder expectations.
Stakeholder Theory: Stakeholder theory suggests that organizations should consider the interests of various stakeholders, such as customers, employees, communities, and the environment, in addition to shareholders.
Emirates Group would need to develop new capabilities to meet stakeholder expectations regarding CSR. This could involve implementing sustainable practices, reducing carbon emissions, promoting diversity and inclusion, ensuring employee welfare, and engaging with local communities.
VRIO Framework: The VRIO framework helps assess a company's resources and capabilities to determine their competitive advantage.
a) Valuable: Emirates Group needs to determine if its current capabilities in CSR and sustainability are valuable in meeting stakeholder expectations.
b) Rare: Emirates Group must assess whether its CSR capabilities are rare compared to competitors.
c) Inimitable: Emirates Group should evaluate if its capabilities in CSR are difficult to imitate.
d) Organized: Lastly, Emirates Group needs to analyze if its capabilities in CSR are effectively organized and integrated into its overall strategy and operations.
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Complete Question : How changes in corporate governance and stakeholder expectations about corporate social responsibility (CSR) may require Emirates Group to develop new capabilities and influence the choice of strategies they follow. The use of appropriate frameworks and analytic tools with reference to the organization is expected.
(5 points) Use your own words to briefly discuss at least five different applications of equity valuation. In other words, how equity valuation is applied in practice? (5 points)
Equity valuation is a financial technique used to estimate the fair value of a company's stock or equity. It is a fundamental approach used to determine the intrinsic value of a company's shares for investment decisions. The following are some of the uses of equity valuation in practice:
Fundamental analysis: Equity valuation can be used to assess the intrinsic worth of a company, its financial position, revenue potential, and future growth prospects. It aids investors in making informed investment choices. Merger and acquisition: Equity valuation is used to determine the fair value of a company during the M&A process. This helps in deciding the cost of acquiring a company or whether to invest in it.
Financial reporting: Equity valuation is an important aspect of financial reporting as it can aid in determining the fair value of the company's equity or shares, which can be used to report financial statements. Shareholder value creation: Equity valuation can be used by managers to increase shareholder value by making strategic business decisions, including investments, acquisitions, and divestitures.
Portfolio management: Equity valuation is used by portfolio managers to make investment decisions based on a company's fundamentals, market performance, and industry outlook. They use this information to construct a well-diversified portfolio.
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5. (20 pts) FGS 9.5 - If the price elasticity of demand is -0.5 and the income elasticity is +0.3, then what will be the effect of a simultaneous 10 percent increase in price and a 10 percent increase
The effect of a simultaneous 10% increase in price and a 10% increase in the price elasticity of demand of -0.5 and income elasticity of +0.3 is 2% decrease in the quantity demanded.
Explanation: Given:
Price elasticity of demand = -0.5
Income elasticity = +0.3
Increase in price = 10%
Increase in quantity demanded = ?
Calculation:
Percentage change in quantity demanded = Percentage change in price x Price elasticity of demand
Percentage change in quantity demanded = 10% x (-0.5)
Percentage change in quantity demanded = -5%.
Therefore, a 10% increase in price leads to a 5% decrease in the quantity demanded. Now, we have to calculate the effect of a simultaneous 10% increase in price and a 10% increase in the income elasticity of demand. Percentage change in the quantity demanded with respect to a change in income is given by:
Percentage change in quantity demanded = Percentage change in income x Income elasticity of demand
Percentage change in quantity demanded = 10% x 0.3
Percentage change in quantity demanded = 3%
Now, we have to add up the changes in quantity demanded. Therefore, the total change in quantity demanded would be: Total change in quantity demanded = Change in quantity demanded due to change in price + Change in quantity demanded due to change in income. Total change in quantity demanded = -5% + 3%
Total change in quantity demanded = -2%
Therefore, a simultaneous 10% increase in price and a 10% increase in the income elasticity of demand would result in a 2% decrease in the quantity demanded.
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Which of the following statements is correct?
A. When the intrinsic value method was used to value qualified stock options, it resulted in reporting zero compensation expense during the options' vesting period.
B. In 2004, the FASB finally passed a standard that recommended the fair value method for valuing stock options granted to employees.
C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B
"In 2004, the FASB finally passed a standard that recommended the fair value method for valuing stock options granted to employees." is correct. The correct option is B.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 which recommended the fair value method for valuing stock options granted to employees, was published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). The fair value of stock options had to be recorded as an expense on the income statement by companies under this standard.
The modification made by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in 2004 is accurately reflected in this statement. Prior to this, qualified stock options were frequently valued using the intrinsic value method which frequently resulted in reporting no compensation expense during the options vesting period. The correct option is B.
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which of the following is true?answerunselectedfunctional missions are combined to become the corporate mission.unselectedcorporate strategy is shaped by functional strategies.unselectedfunctional strategies are shaped by corporate strategy.
The true statement is functional strategies are shaped by corporate strategy. Option D is the correct answer.
Functional strategies are developed based on the overarching corporate strategy of an organization. The corporate strategy sets the direction and goals for the entire organization, and the functional strategies are aligned with and support the achievement of those goals.
Functional strategies are specific plans and actions undertaken by various functional areas such as marketing, finance, operations, human resources, etc., to contribute to the overall corporate strategy. Therefore, functional strategies are shaped by the higher-level corporate strategy, ensuring coordination and alignment throughout the organization.
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The question is -
Which of the following statements is true?
A. corporate strategy is shaped by functional strategies
B. functional area missions are merged to become the organizational mission.
C. corporate mission is shaped by functional strategies.
D. functional strategies are shaped by corporate strategy
E. external conditions are shaped by the corporate mission
Sim Company exchanged an old machine with a carrying amount of $12,000 and a fair value of $8,000 for a new machine. The new machine had a list price of $56,000. Sim Company paid $43,000 cash and was offered $13,000 as a trade-in-allowance in the exchange. The new machine is recorded at ___________ on Sim Company's book.
The new machine is recorded at $0 on Sim Company's books.
How is the new machine recorded?In this scenario, Sim Company exchanged an old machine with a carrying amount of $12,000 and a fair value of $8,000 for a new machine. The new machine had a list price of $56,000. Sim Company paid $43,000 in cash and received a trade-in allowance of $13,000.
To determine the amount at which the new machine should be recorded on Sim Company's books, we need to consider the total cost of the new machine after accounting for the trade-in allowance and the cash paid. The calculation is as follows:
List price of the new machine: $56,000
Trade-in allowance: -$13,000
Cash paid: -$43,000
Total cost of the new machine: $56,000 - $13,000 - $43,000 = $0
Since the total cost of the new machine is $0 after accounting for the trade-in allowance and the cash paid, Sim Company would record the new machine at a cost of $0 on their books.
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Each of the following gross profit percentages isexpressed in terms of cost.
1. 20%
2. 25%.
3. 33⅓%.
4. 50%.
InstructionsIndicate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for each of the above
Each of the following gross profit percentages is expressed in terms of sales.
1. 16.67%
2. 20%
3. 25%
4. 33.33%
1. Gross profit percentage of 20% in terms of sales:
To express the gross profit percentage in terms of sales, we need to convert it from the cost basis to the sales basis. The formula to convert the gross profit percentage from cost to sales is as follows:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of cost) / (1 + Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of cost))
Let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for 20%:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20% / (1 + 20%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20% / (1 + 0.2)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20% / 1.2
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) ≈ 16.67%
The gross profit percentage of 20% in terms of cost is approximately 16.67% when expressed in terms of sales.
2. Gross profit percentage of 25% in terms of sales:
Using the same formula, let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for 25%:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 25% / (1 + 25%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 25% / (1 + 0.25)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 25% / 1.25
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 20%
The gross profit percentage of 25% in terms of cost is equal to 20% when expressed in terms of sales.
3. Gross profit percentage of 33⅓% in terms of sales:
For 33⅓%, let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 33⅓% / (1 + 33⅓%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 33⅓% / (1 + 0.333)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 33⅓% / 1.333
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) ≈ 25%
The gross profit percentage of 33⅓% in terms of cost is approximately 25% when expressed in terms of sales.
4. Gross profit percentage of 50% in terms of sales:
Finally, let's calculate the gross profit percentage in terms of sales for 50%:
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 50% / (1 + 50%)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 50% / (1 + 0.5)
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) = 50% / 1.5
Gross Profit Percentage (in terms of sales) ≈ 33.33%
The gross profit percentage of 50% in terms of cost is approximately 33.33% when expressed in terms of sales.
The gross profit percentages in terms of sales for the given gross profit percentages expressed in terms of cost are:
1. 16.67%
2. 20%
3. 25%
4. 33.33%
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Introduction (12 points in total for this section)
50 – 80 words
Aim of the study project (2 points)
Information about the main economic indicators estimated in the project (4 points)
Information about the main economic indicators of the country analyzed (4 points)
Contribution of the study (2 points)
Introduction The study project aims to estimate the economic indicators of a country.
The main economic indicators of the project include GDP, inflation, unemployment, and trade balance. These indicators will be analyzed in the context of the country's economic situation. The country's economic indicators will also be analyzed to understand the current economic situation. The study will contribute to a better understanding of the economic situation in the country and help identify areas for improvement. The aim of this study project is to estimate the economic indicators of a country and analyze the main economic indicators of the country analyzed. This study project aims to analyze the economic situation of the country and identify areas for improvement. The main economic indicators estimated in the project include GDP, inflation, unemployment, and trade balance. The analysis of the main economic indicators of the country will provide a better understanding of the current economic situation. This study project aims to contribute to a better understanding of the economic situation in the country and help identify areas for improvement.
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assume that the tire division has excess capacity, meaning that it can produce tires for the tractor division without giving up any of its current tire sales to outsiders. If Greely Motors has a negotiated transfer price policy, what is the lowest acceptable transfer price? What is the highest acceptable transfer price?
In a negotiated transfer price policy, the tire division can supply tires to the tractor division without sacrificing its external tire sales. The lowest acceptable transfer price would be the variable cost per tire, as the tire division should not accept a transfer price lower than its variable costs. This price ensures that the tire division covers its direct costs and avoids losses.
On the other hand, the highest acceptable transfer price would be the market price for tires charged to external customers. Since the tire division can sell its tires externally and earn a market price, it would not accept a transfer price higher than what it can obtain from external sales. This ensures that the tractor division does not pay more than the prevailing market price for the tires.
By setting the transfer price between the variable cost per tire (lowest acceptable) and the market price for tires (highest acceptable), both divisions can benefit from the internal transfer without compromising their respective economic interests. The specific values for the lowest acceptable transfer price and the highest acceptable transfer price would depend on the actual variable costs and market prices in the scenario.
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Clue #7- Cash Budget Equipment purchases during the quarter will be: . April $20,125 . May $5,250 Dividends of $6,125 will be paid in June. Management wants to maintain a minimum cash balance of $10,000. The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $30,000. . Interest is 1% per month . Nordic can repay the loan at the end of the quarter if it is able to do so. The beginning cash balance has been given to you. What amount will Nordic Company plan to borrow (repay) during June? Note: Repayments must be listed in parenthesis
To determine the amount Nordic Company plans to borrow or repay during June, let's analyze the cash budget information provided:
Cash Budget:
Equipment purchases:
April: $20,125
May: $5,250
Dividends paid in June: $6,125
Minimum cash balance desired: $10,000
Loan agreement with the local bank:
Borrowing increments: $1,000 per month
Total loan balance allowed: $30,000
Interest rate: 1% per month
Given the information, we need to calculate the cash inflows and outflows for June and determine whether Nordic Company needs to borrow or can repay the loan. Let's proceed with the calculations:
Cash inflows for June:
No specific information is provided about cash inflows for June.
Cash outflows for June:
Dividends paid: $6,125
Net cash outflow for June: $6,125
To maintain a minimum cash balance of $10,000, Nordic Company needs to ensure that its cash balance does not fall below this amount. If the beginning cash balance plus any borrowing is less than the desired minimum cash balance, Nordic Company would need to borrow the difference. Conversely, if the beginning cash balance is higher than the desired minimum, Nordic Company can choose to repay part of the loan
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Suggest FOUR (4) strategic HRM initiatives that would help business organizations in Malaysia achieve improved employee engagement, retention, and organizational strategic goals. (12 marks)
Employee Development and Training Programs, Performance Management Systems, Flexible Work Arrangements, Employee Wellness Programs these are the four strategic HRM initiatives that would help business organizations in Malaysia achieve improved employee engagement, retention, and organizational strategic goals.
Employee Development and Training Programs: Implementing comprehensive employee development and training programs can enhance employee engagement and retention while contributing to the achievement of organizational strategic goals. By investing in the growth and skills development of employees, organizations can demonstrate their commitment to their workforce, boosting morale and motivation. These programs can include workshops, seminars, mentoring, coaching, and career development initiatives, fostering a learning culture within the organization.
Performance Management Systems: Establishing effective performance management systems can drive employee engagement and retention by providing clear expectations, regular feedback, and recognition for achievements. These systems can include goal setting, performance evaluations, and reward and recognition mechanisms. By aligning individual goals with organizational objectives, employees become more engaged in their work and understand how their contributions directly impact the company's strategic goals.
Flexible Work Arrangements: Introducing flexible work arrangements, such as remote work options, flextime, or compressed workweeks, can significantly improve employee engagement and retention. Providing employees with the flexibility to balance their work and personal responsibilities can enhance job satisfaction and work-life balance. Moreover, such initiatives demonstrate trust in employees' ability to manage their time effectively, leading to higher motivation and commitment to organizational goals.
Employee Wellness Programs: Prioritizing employee well-being through wellness programs can positively impact engagement, retention, and strategic goals. These programs can include initiatives such as stress management workshops, health screenings, fitness challenges, and access to mental health resources. By promoting a healthy work environment and supporting employees' physical and mental well-being, organizations can improve employee satisfaction, reduce absenteeism, and enhance productivity, ultimately contributing to the achievement of strategic goals.
Note: The marking scheme and allocation of marks may vary depending on the specific criteria set by your instructor or institution. The above suggestions are meant to provide a comprehensive overview of strategic HRM initiatives that can contribute to improved employee engagement, retention, and organizational strategic goals.
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Kristin offers to sell land to Ian for $5,000. Ian says that $5,000 is too much, but he will pay $4,000. Kristin says no. Two days later, Ian accepts Kristin's original offer. Do we have an enforceable contract? Why? Why not?
Make a statement on legal grounds. 200word
Based on the information provided, there is likely no enforceable contract between Kristin and Ian for the sale of land. The counteroffer made by Ian for $4,000 constituted a rejection of Kristin's original offer of $5,000.
When Kristin declined Ian's counteroffer, it terminated the original offer. Therefore, Ian's subsequent acceptance of the original offer two days later does not result in a binding agreement.
To form a valid and enforceable contract, there must be a mutual agreement or "meeting of the minds" between the parties involved. In this case, Kristin initially offered to sell the land for $5,000. However, when Ian responded with a counteroffer of $4,000, it constituted a rejection of Kristin's original offer and presented a new proposal. Kristin's rejection of Ian's counteroffer terminated the original offer, eliminating any legal obligation for either party to adhere to the initial terms.
Since Kristin refused Ian's counteroffer, it essentially nullified Ian's subsequent acceptance of the original offer. For a valid contract to exist, both parties must fully and unconditionally accept the terms of the agreement. In this scenario, there was no unambiguous acceptance of the original offer, as it had already been rejected by Ian's counteroffer and Kristin's subsequent refusal. Therefore, without a valid acceptance, there is no enforceable contract between Kristin and Ian for the sale of the land.
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If an investor buys shares in a closed-end investment company for $46 and the net asset value is $53, what is the discount? If the company distributes $1, the net asset value rises to $58, and the investor sells the shares for a premium of 5 percent over the net asset value, what is the percentage earned on the investment?If an investor buys shares in a closed-end investment company for $46 and the net asset value is $53, what is the discount? If the company distributes $1, the net asset value rises to $58, and the investor sells the shares for a premium of 5 percent over the net asset value, what is the percentage earned on the investment?
a. The percentage is 13.21%
b. The investor earned a return of approximately 34.57% on the investment.
How to solve for the percentageDiscount = (Net Asset Value - Purchase Price) / Net Asset Value * 100
= ($53 - $46) / $53 * 100
= 13.21%
The percentage earned on the investment can be calculated by finding out the total gain from the investment and dividing it by the initial investment, as follows:
After the $1 distribution, the new net asset value becomes $58. If the investor sells the shares at a premium of 5 percent over the new net asset value, the selling price would be $58 * 1.05 = $60.90.
Now, the total earnings from the investment include the $1 distribution and the selling price, hence total earnings = $1 + $60.90 = $61.90.
The percentage earned on the investment is therefore:
Return on Investment = (Total Earnings - Initial Investment) / Initial Investment * 100
= ($61.90 - $46) / $46 * 100
= 34.57%
Therefore, the investor earned a return of approximately 34.57% on the investment.
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Explain what might be a problem with estimating models entirely in first differences.
The problem with estimating models entirely in first differences is that it eliminates any time-invariant explanatory variables. In other words, first-differencing can only account for time-varying explanatory variables.
Therefore, any time-invariant explanatory variable can only be estimated using a time-constant term, which can lead to omitted variable bias. First differences estimate the difference between two consecutive periods for each variable in the model. This method is often used to account for time-invariant explanatory variables, such as income level or education level. However, first differences cannot account for time-invariant explanatory variables that have no variation over time, such as gender or race. By omitting these variables from the model, first-differencing can lead to biased estimates, which can negatively impact the accuracy of the model's predictions. Therefore, when estimating models entirely in first differences, it is essential to ensure that all relevant time-invariant explanatory variables are accounted for through time-constant terms or other means.
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Home's demand curve for wheat is D = 100 - 20P. Its supply curve is S = 20 + 20P. Derive and graph Home's import demand (MD) curve. What would the equilibrium price of wheat be in absence of trade at Home?
The equilibrium price of wheat in the absence of trade at Home is $2.50 per bushel and the equilibrium quantity is 50 bushels.
The given demand curve for wheat is D = 100 - 20P and the given supply curve is S = 20 + 20P.
To derive and graph Home's import demand (MD) curve, we need to determine the world price of wheat as well.
Let the world price of wheat be PW. Then, if the domestic price of wheat is higher than the world price (PW), Home will import wheat from the world market. The equation for Home's import demand (MD) curve is given by:
MD = 100 - 20PWLet the equilibrium price of wheat be P*.
At equilibrium, Home's demand for wheat will equal Home's supply of wheat. Therefore, we have:
100 - 20P* = 20 + 20P
*Solving for P*, we get:
P* = $2.50 per bushel
To find the equilibrium quantity of wheat, we substitute the value of P* into either the demand or supply equation
. We will use the demand equation:
Q* = 100 - 20(2.50)
Q* = 50 bushels
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Tappan was one of the first Icahn’s investments, why Carl
invested in it? Which was the stock’s price and value according to
Icahn?
Carl Icahn invested in Tappan as one of his first investments due to its potential value and the stock's attractive price.
Carl Icahn is a renowned investor known for his strategic investments and activist approach. When he invested in Tappan, it was one of his early investment decisions. The reason behind Carl Icahn's investment in Tappan can be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, he likely saw potential value in the company, whether it was an undervalued stock or an opportunity for growth and profitability. Carl Icahn has a history of identifying undervalued assets and implementing strategies to unlock their value, making Tappan an attractive choice for his investment.
Regarding the stock's price and value according to Icahn, specific information about Tappan's stock price and Icahn's valuation is not provided in the given context. To determine the stock's price and value according to Icahn, it would be necessary to refer to specific information or sources that outline Icahn's assessment of the stock at that time. Without further information, it is challenging to provide a definitive answer on the stock's price and value as per Icahn's evaluation.
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QUESTION 7
In the consolidation journal entry, we debit the common stock and the retained earnings of the parent company and credit the investment in subsidiary account.
True
False
QUESTION 18
In the consolidation journal entry, if the fair value of land is less than its book value then land will be credited and investment account will be debited.
True
False
QUESTION 32
In the fair value method, if the investee reports any unrealized or extraordinary income, the investor also reports his share of those extraordinary or unrealized incomes.
True
False
7) In the consolidation journal entry, we debit the common stock and the retained earnings of the parent company and credit the investment in subsidiary account is false. 18) In the consolidation journal entry, if the fair value of land is less than its book value then land will be credited and investment account will be debited is false. 32) 32. In the fair value method, if the investee reports any unrealized or extraordinary income, the investor also reports his share of those extraordinary or unrealized incomes is true.
7. In the consolidation journal entry, we debit the common stock and the retained earnings of the parent company and credit the investment in subsidiary account is false. It is because In the consolidation journal entry, we debit the investment in subsidiary account and credit the common stock and the retained earnings of the parent company.
18. In the consolidation journal entry, if the fair value of land is less than its book value then land will be credited and investment account will be debited is false. It is because if the fair value of land is less than its book value then land will be debited and investment account will be credited.
32. In the fair value method, if the investee reports any unrealized or extraordinary income, the investor also reports his share of those extraordinary or unrealized incomes is true. In the fair value method, if the investee reports any unrealized or extraordinary income, the investor also reports his share of those extraordinary or unrealized incomes.
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Carbon dioxide emissions are one of the major causes of air pollution. Whenever a firm emits carbon dioxide due to its business activities, it creates externalities for others.
(a) Should carbon dioxide emissions be banned completely from an economic perspective? "Completely banned" means no firms can emit carbon dioxide. Please explain.
Consider a world with three firms. Carbon dioxide emissions by different firms are different, and the cost of reducing emissions varies among them as shown in the following table:
Firm Emission of CO2 Cost of Reducing Emission by 1 Unit
A 50 units $20
B 30 units $30
C 40 units $40
Now, suppose all governments in the world agree to use emission permits to control the total amount of carbon dioxide to be emitted, and all governments in the world want to reduce the emission to 60 units. As a result, 60 permits will be issued and the holder of 1 emission permit can emit 1 unit of carbon dioxide legally.
(b) If each firm will be given 20 permits, will voluntarily trade happen among the firms? Describe who are buyers and who are sellers and how many permits will be traded among them.
(c) From the perspective of economic efficiency, should the permits for the emission of carbon dioxide be distributed equally among firms (that is each firm receives 20 permits) or by using auction (which is buyers willing to pay the highest price will get the permits)? Explain.
(a) From an economic perspective, completely banning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is not the most efficient solution. While CO2 emissions contribute to air pollution and have negative externalities, a complete ban on emissions would ignore the economic activities that rely on carbon-intensive processes.
(b) In a voluntary trading scenario, Firm A is likely to buy additional permits due to its higher cost of reducing emissions. Firms B and C, with lower costs, may become sellers and offer permits for sale. The quantity of permits traded will depend on negotiations between buyers and sellers. This trading allows firms to achieve the emission reduction target of 60 units while considering their respective costs and preferences.
(c)
Auctions for carbon dioxide emission permits are favored for economic efficiency compared to equal distribution. Auctions allocate permits to firms with the highest value, ensuring they go to those with the lowest emission reduction costs. Equal distribution disregards cost differences and can lead to inefficiencies. Auctions utilize market forces, encouraging cost-effective emission reductions and maximizing economic efficiency.
(a) From an economic perspective, completely banning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is not the most efficient solution. While CO2 emissions contribute to air pollution and have negative externalities, a complete ban on emissions would ignore the economic activities that rely on carbon-intensive processes. This could have severe economic consequences, affecting industries such as energy, manufacturing, and transportation.
Instead of a complete ban, a more effective approach would be to implement policies that internalize the costs of CO2 emissions, such as a carbon pricing mechanism. This could be in the form of a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system, which would provide economic incentives for firms to reduce their emissions while allowing for more flexibility and innovation in finding the most cost-effective solutions.
(b) Given that each firm will be given 20 permits and the total emission needs to be reduced to 60 units, voluntary trading among the firms is likely to happen. In this scenario, Firm A, which has the highest cost of reducing emissions, will likely become a buyer and seek to purchase additional permits to comply with the emission reduction target. Firms B and C, which have lower costs of reducing emissions, may become sellers and offer their permits for sale. The number of permits traded will depend on the willingness of the buyers and sellers to negotiate mutually beneficial agreements.
(c) From the perspective of economic efficiency, it is generally more beneficial to distribute permits for the emission of carbon dioxide through auctions rather than equally among firms. Auctions allow the permits to be allocated to the firms that value them the most, as buyers willing to pay the highest price will secure the permits. This ensures that the permits are allocated to those firms that can achieve emission reductions at the lowest cost, thereby maximizing economic efficiency. Equal distribution of permits does not take into account the varying costs of emission reductions among firms and may lead to inefficient outcomes, as some firms may have a greater capacity to reduce emissions compared to others. By utilizing auctions, the market can determine the allocation of permits based on the firms' valuations, promoting economic efficiency and incentivizing cost-effective emission reduction strategies.
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Whirly Corporation's contribution format income statement for the most recent month is shown below: Sales (7,500 units) Variable expenses Total $ 255,000 142,500 Per Unit $ 34.00 19.00 $ 15.00 Contrib
1. If the sales volume increases by 50 units, the revised net operating income would be $58,650. 2. If the sales volume decreases by 50 units, the revised net operating income would be $57,150. 3. If the sales volume is 6,500 units, the revised net operating income would be $97,500.
1. To calculate the revised net operating income per month if the sales volume increases by 50 units, we need to determine the contribution margin per unit and then calculate the increase in net operating income.
Contribution margin per unit = Contribution margin / Total units sold
Contribution margin per unit = $112,500 / 7,500 units
Contribution margin per unit = $15.00
Increase in net operating income = Increase in units sold * Contribution margin per unit
Increase in net operating income = 50 units * $15.00
Increase in net operating income = $750
Revised net operating income per month = Net operating income + Increase in net operating income
Revised net operating income per month = $57,900 + $750
Revised net operating income per month = $58,650
2. To calculate the revised net operating income per month if the sales volume decreases by 50 units, we follow a similar approach as in the previous step.
Decrease in net operating income = Decrease in units sold * Contribution margin per unit
Decrease in net operating income = 50 units * $15.00
Decrease in net operating income = $750
Revised net operating income per month = Net operating income - Decrease in net operating income
Revised net operating income per month = $57,900 - $750
Revised net operating income per month = $57,150
3. To calculate the revised net operating income per month if the sales volume is 6,500 units, we again use the contribution margin per unit.
Revised net operating income per month = Sales volume * Contribution margin per unit
Revised net operating income per month = 6,500 units * $15.00
Revised net operating income per month = $97,500
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The probable question may be:
Whirly Corporation’s Contribution Format Income Statement For The Most Recent Month Is Shown Below: Total Per Unit Sales (7,500 Units)
Whirly Corporation’s contribution format income statement for the most recent month is shown below:
Total Per Unit
Sales (7,500 units) $ 255,000 $ 34.00
Variable expenses 142,500 19.00
Contribution margin 112,500 $ 15.00
Fixed expenses 54,600
Net operating income $ 57,900
(Consider each case independently):
1. What would be the revised net operating income per month if the sales volume increases by 50 units?
2. What would be the revised net operating income per month if the sales volume decreases by 50 units?
3. What would be the revised net operating income per month if the sales volume is 6,500 units?
on january 6, year 1, bulldog co. purchased 34% of the outstanding stock of gator co. for $212,000. gator co. paid total dividends of $24,000 to all shareholders on june 30. gator had a net loss of $56,000 for year 1. journalize bulldog's purchase of the stock, receipt of the dividends, and the adjusting entry for the equity loss in gator co. stock. compute the balance of investment in gator co. stock on december 31, year 1. how does valuing an investment under the equity method differ from valuing an investment at fair value?
Journal entry is a method of recording all the transactions occured in a business during a given accounting period. To record journal entry in the books of Bulldog Co.'s during the year end 31st December is as follows:
Investment in Gator Co. Stock A/c Dr. $212,000
Cash A/c Cr. $212,000
(Being stock purchased)
Cash A/c Dr. $8,160 (34% of $24,000)
Dividend Income A/c Cr. $8,160
(Being receipt of dividend recorded)
Equity Loss in Gator Co. Stock A/c Dr. $ 19,040 (34% of $56,000)
Investment in Gator Co. Stock A/c Cr. $19,040
(Being adjusting entry for the equity loss recorded)
2. To calculate balance on Investment:
Beginning balance = $212,000 (Initial purchase)
Add: Net loss = $19,040 (34% of $56,000)
Less: Dividends received = $8,160 (34% of $24,000)
Balance of investment:
$212,000 + $19,040 - $8,160
= $222,880
Therefore, the balance of the investment in Gator Co. stock on December 31, Year 1 is $ 222,880.
3. Valuation of investment under the equity method differs from fair value method in following ways:
Under equity method, investors record their share of the investee's net profit or loss and adjust their investment accounts accordingly. Investors also recognize a portion of the dividends received as dividend income. Investment account balances reflect an investor's ownership interest in the net assets of the company.
Under fair value method, investors value their investments at fair value. Fair value is the price received to sell an investment in an orderly transaction between market participants. Changes in the fair value of investments are recognized in the investor's income statement. The fair value method focuses on the market value of an investment rather than the financial performance.
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1. A 15-year bond with a 6.10% coupon rate was issued with a 7.09% yield to maturity. Find the bond price at time of issue. a. $909 b. $751 c. $1,000 d. $826 e. $683
To calculate the bond price at the time of issue, we need to use the present value formula. The present value of a bond is the sum of the present values of its future cash flows, which include both the periodic coupon payments and the final principal payment.
In this case, the bond has a 15-year maturity and a 6.10% coupon rate. The coupon payments are made annually. The yield to maturity is given as 7.09%.
To calculate the bond price, we need to discount each cash flow by the appropriate discount rate, which is the yield to maturity. The formula for calculating the present value of a bond is:
Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield to Maturity)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield to Maturity)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment + Principal Payment) / (1 + Yield to Maturity)^n
where:
- Coupon Payment: Annual coupon payment
- Yield to Maturity: Yield to maturity expressed as a decimal
- Principal Payment: Final principal payment at maturity
- n: Number of years to maturity
In this case, the annual coupon payment is 6.10% of the bond's face value, and the face value is typically $1,000 for a bond. The yield to maturity is given as 7.09%.
Plugging in the values, we can calculate the bond price at the time of issue:
Bond Price = (0.061 * 1000) / (1 + 0.0709)^1 + (0.061 * 1000) / (1 + 0.0709)^2 + ... + (0.061 * 1000 + 1000) / (1 + 0.0709)^15
By evaluating the above expression, we find that the bond price at the time of issue is approximately $909. Therefore, the correct answer is option a. $909.
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Question 2: The Statements of Financial Position of Plymouth Incorporated and Studebaker Incorporated at December 31, 2018, were: STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION as at December 31, 2018 Plymouth Inc.
It presents assets, liabilities, and equity of an entity. It is one of the three most important financial statements of an entity.
The given financial statements of Plymouth Incorporated and Studebaker Incorporated at December 31, 2018 are: The statement of financial position is also known as the balance sheet. It reports an entity's financial position at a specific date. It presents assets, liabilities, and equity of an entity. It is one of the three most important financial statements of an entity.
The statement of financial position of Plymouth Incorporated at December 31, 2018 is:
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION as at December 31, 2018 Plymouth Inc. $Assets $Liabilities & Equity Cash $15,000 Accounts payable $25,000 Accounts receivable 10,000 Loan payable 40,000 Equipment 80,000 Capital stock 30,000 Retained earnings 10,000 $105,000 $105,000The statement of financial position of Studebaker Incorporated at December 31, 2018 is:
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION as at December 31, 2018 Studebaker Inc.$Assets $Liabilities & Equity Cash $20,000 Accounts payable $30,000 Accounts receivable 15,000 Loan payable 50,000 Equipment 90,000 Capital stock 20,000 Retained earnings 5,000 $125,000 $125,000
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Suppose that the following two sceanrios occur one after another:
Scenario 1: A newly established trade agreement between the UK and Australia, leads to an increase in net exports from the UK to Australia.
Scenario 2: The Reserve Bank of Australia decides to hold more British Pounds (GBP) in its foreign reserves.
Scenario 1 will cause the AUD to against the GBP and scenario 2 will cause the GBP to against the AUD.
O depreciate; appreciate appreciate; appreciate depreciate; depreciate O appreciate; depreciate stabilize; depreciate
Scenario 1 states that there has been an increase in net exports from the UK to Australia.
This will increase the demand for GBP in the market which will cause the value of GBP to appreciate and AUD to depreciate. Scenario 2 states that the Reserve Bank of Australia is holding more GBP in its foreign reserves. This action will increase the supply of AUD in the market which will cause the value of AUD to depreciate and the value of GBP to appreciate.
Therefore, Scenario 1 will cause the AUD to depreciate against the GBP and Scenario 2 will cause the GBP to appreciate against the AUD.
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On Dec 31, 2020, ABC Corp issued 4-year, 7% bonds with $3,000,000 as par value ABC Corp ceved $3,300,000 in cash. The bood intored ispad sy on June 30 and December 31 every year Compute the following: Total bonds premium. Interest paid in cash semiannually. The Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years.
Total bonds premium: $300,000
Interest paid in cash semiannually: $105,000
Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium: $37,500
Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years: $840,000
To compute the requested values, we need to consider the terms of the bonds and the cash flows associated with them.
Total Bonds Premium:
The premium on the bonds is the difference between the cash received and the par value. In this case, the cash received is $3,300,000, and the par value is $3,000,000.
Total bonds premium = Cash received - Par value
Total bonds premium = $3,300,000 - $3,000,000 = $300,000
Interest Paid in Cash Semiannually:
The interest paid on the bonds is calculated based on the par value and the stated interest rate. The bonds have a 7% interest rate and a par value of $3,000,000.
Interest paid semiannually = Par value * Interest rate / 2
Interest paid semiannually = $3,000,000 * 7% / 2 = $105,000
Semiannual Amortization Amount of the Bond Premium:
The bond premium needs to be amortized over the term of the bonds. Since the bonds have a 4-year term and interest is paid semiannually, there will be eight semiannual periods.
Semiannual amortization amount = Total bonds premium / Number of periods
Semiannual amortization amount = $300,000 / 8 = $37,500
Total Bonds Interest Expense over the 4 Years:
The total interest expense over the 4-year period is calculated by multiplying the semiannual interest payment by the number of periods.
Total bonds interest expense = Interest paid semiannually * Number of periods
Total bonds interest expense = $105,000 * 8 = $840,00
In summary:
Total bonds premium: $300,000
Interest paid in cash semiannually: $105,000
Semiannual amortization amount of the bond premium: $37,500
Total bonds interest expense over the 4 years: $840,000
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What is one reason the United States produces luxury cars such as the Chevy Corvette but still does not provide health care for all individuals?
O Income is highly unequally distributed in the United States.
O Government manages the health care system.
O Total surplus in the United States is too low.
O Providing health care for all individuals is always inefficient.
Answer: income is highly unequally distributed in the united states
Explanation: One reason the United States produces luxury cars such as the Chevy Corvette but still does not provide health care for all individuals is that income is highly unequally distributed in the United States. This means that the wealthy can afford luxury cars while many others cannot afford basic healthcare. The government does not manage the healthcare system in the US, unlike many other countries. Instead, it is managed by private insurance companies and healthcare providers. Providing healthcare for all individuals is not always inefficient as many countries have successfully implemented universal healthcare systems that provide affordable healthcare to all citizens
Answer:
Explanation:
Income is highly unequally distributed in the United States.
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16) why should you care about the power of compounding and the time value of money?a) it is critical to obtaining your future financial goals.b) the sooner you start saving for retirement, the less you have to save each year.c) you may outlive your social security and employer's retirement plan.d) it is possible to build a large estate for yourself, spouse, and children.e) all of the above
We should care about the future financial goals,saving for retirement, employer's retirement fund , large estate for your family.(E)
One should care about the power of compounding and the time value of money because it is critical to obtaining your future financial goals, the sooner you start saving for retirement, the less you have to save each year, you may outlive
your social security and employer's retirement plan, and it is possible to build a large estate for yourself, spouse, and children.Investing money is an important component of growing your wealth and saving for the future.
The power of compounding and the time value of money come into play when you save money and earn interest on it over time. These concepts work together to help your investments grow faster. It is important to care about these concepts for several reasons. First, it is critical to obtaining your future financial goals.
By investing your money wisely and taking advantage of compound interest, you can build your wealth over time and reach your financial goals more quickly.
Second, the sooner you start saving for retirement, the less you have to save each year. This is because the power of compounding allows your investments to grow faster over time.
Third, you may outlive your social security and employer's retirement plan.
By saving and investing your money, you can create a safety net for yourself and your family in case of unforeseen circumstances. Finally, it is possible to build a large estate for yourself, spouse, and children by taking advantage of the power of compounding and the time value of money.(E)
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Which of the following is correct about a monopsonistic market? Resources are efficiently allocated.
There is one supplier and many buyers.
The monopsony has the same quantity transacted as in a perfectly competitive market.
The supply curve is horizontal and is equal to the average cost of labor.
Purchase of an additional item increases the price of the item and of the existing items being purchased.
The statement that is correct about a monopolistic market is - There is one supplier and many buyers are the correct answer.
A monopsonistic market is characterized by a single buyer and multiple sellers. The market is similar to a monopoly market, except that in a monopoly market, a single firm is the only supplier of a commodity or service, whereas, in a monopsonistic market, a single buyer has a significant market share and can influence market prices. In a monopsonistic market, resources are allocated inefficiently, and the monopsony tends to pay a lower price for goods or services. Additionally, the purchase of an additional item in a monopsonistic market can increase the price of the item and the existing items being purchased.
In a perfectly competitive market, buyers and sellers have no power to influence the market price. The supply curve is determined by the marginal cost of production, and the demand curve is determined by consumer preferences. The quantity transacted in a perfectly competitive market is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves. In contrast, a monopsonistic market has a horizontal supply curve that is equal to the average cost of labour. As a result, the quantity transacted in a monopsonistic market is less than the quantity transacted in a perfectly competitive market. Overall, a monopsonistic market is inefficient because the buyer has market power and can reduce the price paid to sellers.
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Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answe Non-value-added activities O should be reduced or eliminated. O involve resource usage customers are willing to pay for. O increase both the cost and market value of a product. cannot be differentiated from value-added activities.
Non-value-added activities should be reduced or eliminated. Option a is correct.
In accounting, a non-value-added activity is an activity that adds no value to the final product. Non-value-added activities are actions that do not improve a company's product or service in the eyes of the customer. The ultimate goal of a company is to eliminate non-value-added activities and replace them with value-added activities.
The value-added activities are those that increase the worth of the product or service in the eyes of the customer. The benefits of value-added activities are that they provide the consumer with a higher quality product or service, while also reducing the cost of the product or service.
Therefore, a is correct.
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What is pre-writing? In your own words, discuss all the prewriting techniques with relevant examples for each.
Prewriting is the stage in which a writer makes a decision on what they intend to write about, creates a plan, and identifies strategies for their writing process. This step is crucial to the success of any written work. This question asks about prewriting techniques, so let's explore them.
Prewriting Techniques There are several prewriting techniques available for a writer to choose from, but the following are the most important:
1. Brainstorming Brainstorming is a prewriting technique that involves generating a large number of ideas in a limited period. These ideas can be written down in a list format or mind-mapping. It can be done solo or in groups.Example: If the topic of an essay is "The Causes and Effects of Water Pollution," a writer may jot down things like oil spills, sewage disposal, industrial waste, pesticides, and so on.
2. Clustering Clustering, also known as Mind-Mapping, involves drawing an idea map or diagram. The main idea is placed in the center of the page, and other sub-ideas are linked to it. It is an excellent prewriting technique for writers who are visual learners. Example: For instance, if a writer intends to write a persuasive essay on the benefits of technology in education, they may jot down the benefits of technology in education, eLearning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), educational software, digital textbooks, online classes, and so on.
3. Freewriting Freewriting is a prewriting technique that involves writing whatever comes to mind for a set period, whether it's a sentence or a paragraph. The goal of freewriting is to express ideas without worrying about grammar, punctuation, or even spelling. Example: For instance, if a writer wants to write an essay on the advantages of electric cars, they may start freewriting about electric cars' benefits like low emissions, efficiency, and cost savings.
4. Listing Listing is a prewriting technique that involves writing down ideas in a list format. It's an excellent prewriting technique for writers who prefer an organized approach to prewriting. Example: If a writer intends to write a descriptive essay about their ideal vacation spot, they may jot down the beach, beautiful scenery, relaxation, peace and quiet, and so on.
5. Outlining Outlining is a prewriting technique that involves organizing ideas in a hierarchical manner. This technique involves creating a plan for writing by breaking it down into sections or subtopics. Example: For instance, if a writer intends to write an argumentative essay on the advantages of online classes, they may start outlining by stating the introduction, then listing the advantages of online classes, addressing the disadvantages, and finally ending with a conclusion.
6. Questioning Questioning is a prewriting technique that involves creating a list of questions related to the topic. The idea behind this technique is to answer the questions, which then helps in generating more ideas.Example: If a writer intends to write a report on "The Causes and Effects of Global Warming," they may jot down questions like, "What is global warming?" "What causes global warming?" "What are the effects of global warming?" "How can we prevent global warming?" "What can individuals do to help?" and so on.
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1. Project goal setting includes setting a baseline plan, which
is predicated on: Select one:
a. an accurate work breakdown structure.
b. the type of gap analysis the project team plans to use.
c. the
Project goal setting includes setting a baseline plan, which is predicated on an accurate work breakdown structure. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Work Breakdown Structure is a project management tool that is used to decompose a project into smaller, more manageable components. The tool assists the project team in identifying all the tasks required to complete a project, breaking them down into manageable pieces, and defining how the work should be executed.
A work breakdown structure (WBS) is used to divide a project into smaller, more manageable components. When it comes to project management, breaking the project down into more manageable components aids in the planning process. Therefore, an accurate work breakdown structure is required to set a baseline plan in project goal setting.
Therefore, a is correct.
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