Explanation:
The exoskeleton and molting
The success of arthropods derives in large part from the evolution of their unique, nonliving, organic, jointed exoskeleton (see figure), which not only functions in support but also provides protection and, with the muscle system, contributes to efficient locomotion. The exoskeleton is composed of a thin, outer protein layer, the epicuticle, and a thick, inner, chitin–protein layer, the procuticle. In most terrestrial arthropods, such as insects and spiders, the epicuticle contains waxes that aid in reducing evaporative water loss. The procuticle consists of an outer exocuticle and an inner endocuticle. In the exocuticle there is cross-bonding of the chitin–protein chains (tanning), which provides additional strength to the skeletal material. The hardness of various parts of the exoskeleton in different arthropods is related to the thickness and degree of tanning of the exocuticle. In crustaceans, additional rigidity is achieved by having the exoskeleton impregnated with varying amounts of calcium carbonate.
arthropod integument
arthropod integument
Diagrammatic section through the arthropod integument.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The formation of an exoskeleton required the simultaneous solution of two functional problems in the evolution of arthropods: If the animal is encased in a rigid covering, how can it grow and how can it move? The problem of growth is solved in arthropods by molting, or ecdysis, the periodic shedding of the old exoskeleton. The underlying cells release enzymes that digest the base of the old exoskeleton (much of the endocuticle) and then secrete a new exoskeleton beneath the old one. At the time of actual shedding, the old skeleton splits along specific lines characteristic of the group, and the animal pulls out of the old skeleton as from a suit of clothes. The old skeleton is usually abandoned but in some species is eaten. The new exoskeleton, which is soft and flexible, is then stretched by localized, elevated blood pressure augmented by the intake of water or air. Hardening occurs by stretching and especially by tanning within a number of hours of molting. In crustaceans, calcium carbonate is deposited into the new procuticle. (Soft-shell crabs are simply newly molted crabs.) Additional endocuticle may be added to the exoskeleton for some days or weeks following molting.
molting
molting
Grasshopper shedding its exoskeleton.
© Cathy Keifer/Dreamstime.com
Molting is under hormonal control, and there is a long preparatory phase that precedes the process. The steroid hormone ecdysone, secreted by specific endocrine centres and circulated in the blood, is the direct initiator of molting. The actual timing of a molt, however, is regulated by other hormones and commonly by environmental factors. The interval between molts is called an instar. Because of the frequency of molts, instars are short early in life but grow longer with increasing age. Some arthropods, such as most spiders and insects, stop molting when they reach sexual maturity; others, like lobsters and crabs, molt throughout their lives. Most of the larger spiders of temperate regions, for example, molt about 10 times before reaching sexual maturity. As a result of molting, the length and volume of an arthropod display steplike increases over the life span, but internal tissue growth is continual as in other animals.
Loss of a limb is a common hazard in the life of many arthropods. Indeed, some arthropods, such as crabs, are capable of amputating an appendage if it is seized by a predator. The limb is then regenerated from a small, nipplelike rudiment formed at the site of the lost limb. The new limb develops beneath the old exoskeleton during the premolt period and then appears when the animal molts.
Answer:
Three layers
Explanation:
Outer= Composed of proteins and lipids. Repels water and prevents desiccation in terrestrial places.
Middler=Provides primary protection
Inner=Flexibke at joints, muscles attach here.
will give brainliest if correct
Which of these is the best definition of genetic technology?
a. The study of chemical processes in living things
b. The use and application of living things and science
c. The application of engineering principles to solve medical problems
d. The study of forces
Answer:
it was B!!!
Explanation:
yo wassup yostos from Mrs Hees 4th period!!
An example of an involuntary movement would be -
A dancing
B swing a club
C heartbeat
D walking
Answer:
C. heartbeat
Explanation:
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Because the rhythm is not something that we do voluntarily. We're not able to control the movements of our heart and therefore Heartbeat is an example of involuntary movement.
I need help pleaseeee
Answer:
D
Explanation:
That’s the one that’s most specific. That one tells you about the mosquito it’s self and your part of US not US in general.
Answer: Option D is the answer.
Which of the following does not maintain biodiversity?
A. growing a variety of plants on a farm
B. protecting all the species in an ecosystem
C. protecting the habitats in an ecosystem
D. removing an important predator from the ecosystem
Answer:
D
Explanation:
when you remove some things on a ecosystem the ecosystem will decrease
Write a complete sentence of the word Embryonic Period.
Please help !
Answer:
The embryonic period of gestation is the period after implantation, during which all of the major organs and structures within the growing mammal are formed.
The ungiven term that represents the elements in DNA in the figure is
Can anyone help me with my homework
under which circumstances do plants take up water by osmosis?
The roots of a plant are the plants lifeline. They reach out into the soil to establish an avenue for the transport of nutrients and water to the rest of the plant. The roots absorb water through osmosis. If the water concentration outside of the plant roots is greater than that of the water concentration in the roots osmosis occurs.
Help pleaseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
In 1859, Charles Darwin proposed that differential survival and reduction of individuals would produce changes in species population over time. In other words, the environment acting on variation of individuals within a population would result in an adaptation (an evolutionary process that results in morphological, physiological or behavioral changes at the population level and that increases the probability of the members of that population to survive and their reproductive success). Using a specific example, explain how natural selection explains the theory of evolution. Also include in your explanation and within your example, what are the 4 factors needed for natural selection to act
Answer:
Reproduction, heredity, variation in fitness or organisms.
Explanation:
Evolution occurs in organisms due to natural selection process because natural resources are limited. Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations. If evolution occurs in the organisms so these evoluted organisms can survive rate more than those organisms where no evolution occurs because the evoluted organisms can adopt successfully the features of environment. Reproduction, heredity, variation in fitness or organisms are the four factors needed for natural selection to act.
pls help this is for biomed
Answer: the second one
Explanation:
Put the following in order from smallest to largest and tell what they are: tissue, body systems, organ, cell, organ systems.
Answer: cells, tissues, organ, and body system.
HOPE THIS HELPS AND PLEASE BRAINLIEST
Plz help. No links, whoever puts the right answer and an explanation will get brainliest
Answer:
lungs skin liver and heart
Explanation:they all help us live
Which of the following discoveries does not necessarily support the Theory
of Plate Tectonics?
Select one:
A. Fossils of the same species were discovered in both Scotland and the
Appalachian Mountains,
B. The shape of western Africa is similar to the eastern coastline of South
America
C. Early sonar used in WWII found mid-ocean ridges,
D.. Many different species of dinosaurs were found in the western United
States,
Answer:
answer is c
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP IM GONNA FAIL WILL GIVE BRAINLESS
Answer:
It is the first oneExplanation:
What do the human body cell do with the carbon dioxide
Answer:
It is taken to the heart and pumped into the cells.
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide is essential for internal respiration in a human body. Internal respiration is a process, by which oxygen is transported to body tissues and carbon dioxide is carried away from them. Carbon dioxide is a guardian of the pH of the blood, which is essential for survival.
~Hope this helps
1.
According to the South Florida Water Management District, Florida's climate has a wet and a dry season. In any year, a drought can take place during the
Groughts?
A Droughts have no impact on Florida ecosystems,
B
Droughts improve the quality of soil and landscape conditions,
Droughts affect the water consumption needs of all types of organisms.
D.Droughts exist in areas where the amount of precipitation is above normal.
Answer:
droughts affect the water consumption needs of all types of organisms
Tissues combine to create an _______ that completes a specific task (job) in the body.
A. organ
B. cell
C. organ system
Answer:
A. Organ.
Explanation:
Cells make up
tissues, tissues make up an organ. Organs make organ system
Which of the following is not a benefit of genetic engineering?
A: Creation of harmful mutations and variations
B: Diagnosis of genetic diseases
C: Production of plants and crops that are resistant to disease
D: Replacement of non-functioning genes
Answer:
The answer is C.Production of plants and crops that are resistant of diseases.
The benefit of genetic engineering will not be in "Production of plants and crops that are resistant to disease".
What is genetic engineering?Genetic engineering, often known as genetic alteration, is a technique that modifies an organism's DNA using technology developed in laboratories.
What is plants?A plant would be a living entity with a stem, leaves, as well as roots that develop in the soil.
There are some example of genetic engineering and they are:
Rapeseed Plants Resistant to PesticidesProtection against Pollution PlantsCry-Free OnionsTherefore, the benefit of genetic engineering will not be in "Production of plants and crops that are resistant to disease".
To know more about genetic engineering
https://brainly.com/question/13491558
#SPJ2
Si usted sitúa un grupo de plantas verdes (que realizan fotosíntesis) dentro de un ambiente rico en CO2 (dióxido de carbono) con el carbono marcado radiactivamente, es decir, puedo seguir el rastro del carbono. ¿En qué moléculas espera encontrar la marca al interior del cuerpo vegetal?
Answer: Esperaría encontrar la marca en el interior de moléculas de glucosa ya que el CO2, ya que se utilizan 6 moléculas de CO2 para sintetizar una molécula de glucosa.
Explanation:
La fotosíntesis es un proceso utilizado por las plantas y otros organismos fotoautótrofos para convertir la energía de la luz en energía química que, a través de la respiración celular, puede utilizarse para llevar a cabo distintas actividades metabólicas. Esta energía química se almacena en moléculas de carbohidratos, como los azúcares, que se sintetizan a partir de dióxido de carbono y agua. También se libera oxígeno como producto de desecho.
La energía de la luz es absorbida por unas proteínas llamadas centros de reacción que contienen pigmentos verdes de clorofila. En las plantas, estas proteínas se encuentran en el interior de unos orgánulos denominados cloroplastos, que son los más abundantes en las células de las hojas, mientras que en las bacterias están incrustadas en la membrana plasmática. En estas reacciones dependientes de la luz, se utiliza una parte de la energía para despojar de electrones a sustancias adecuadas, como el agua, produciendo gas oxígeno. El hidrógeno liberado por la ruptura del agua se utiliza en la creación de otros dos compuestos que sirven como almacenamiento de energía a corto plazo, permitiendo su transferencia para impulsar otras reacciones: estos compuestos son el nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido fosfato reducido (NADPH) y el adenosín trifosfato (ATP), la "moneda energética" de las células.
El almacenamiento de energía a largo plazo en forma de azúcares se produce mediante una secuencia posterior de reacciones independientes de la luz denominada ciclo de Calvin. En el ciclo de Calvin, el dióxido de carbono atmosférico se incorpora a compuestos de carbono orgánico ya existentes, como la ribulosa bifosfato (RuBP). Utilizando el ATP y el NADPH producidos por las reacciones dependientes de la luz, los compuestos resultantes se reducen y se eliminan para formar más carbohidratos, como la glucosa.
Entonces, si el carbono en la molécula de dióxido de carbono (CO2) se encuentra marcada radiactivamente, esperaría encontrar la marca en el interior de moléculas de glucosa ya que el CO2, ya que se utilizan 6 moléculas de CO2 para sintetizar una molécula de glucosa.
What is molting????????
A dragonfly in its radical final moult, metamorphosing from an aquatic nymph to a winged adult.
In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is the manner in which an animal routinely casts off a part of its body (often, but not always, an outer layer or covering), either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in its life cycle.
Moulting can involve shedding the epidermis (skin), pelage (hair, feathers, fur, wool), or other external layer. In some groups, other body parts may be shed, for example, wings in some insects or the entire exoskeleton in arthropods.
Amino Acid sequences in one organism that resemble those of another suggest
а
coincidence
shared ancestry
great number of mutations
lack of evolutionary relationship
Answer:
shared ancestry
Explanation:
John, who is 15, is trying to figure out what type of person he wants to be. He
is most likely in the stage.
A. integrity versus despair
B. intimacy versus isolation
C. trust versus mistrust
D. identity versus role confusion
The ocean has salt water, but rivers and streams .
have _____Water .
Which statement about cancer is TRUE?
A. Colon cancer is caused by smoking tobacco.
B. Skin cancer is caused by diets low in fiber.
C. Cancer cells divide and grow in an orderly fashion.
D. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths.
Answer:
D. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths.
Explanation:
due to smoking, and second hand smoke
Answer:
D. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths.
Explanation:
I know this cause my uncle died this way..
Maps are important tools that help us to..............
Answer:
to find our way
EaSY
Explanation:
classifying burning oil as clean up method
a. mechanical
b. chemical
c. biological
Answer:
Chemical, because the chemical reaction of the oil being lit on fire cannot be reversed
Explanation:
please help i need awnser in 2 hours or less please and thanks you!
Answer: 1. High, low. 2. Decreasing, increasing. 3. Nothing, highest. 4. Kinetic, thermal. radio plays- Back at home, you turn on a radio It runs on electrical energy which travels along the wires that connect a power plant to your home. The electrical energy used by the radio is converted into sound energy. Sound is another form of kinetic energy--it's air in motion. eat dinner- Back at home, you turn on a radio It runs on electrical energy which travels along the wires that connect a power plant to your home. The electrical energy used by the radio is converted into sound energy. Sound is another form of kinetic energy--it's air in motion. space heater- Space heaters work by utilizing convection or radiant heating. Radiant heaters emit infrared radiation into the room that directly heats objects and people who are close to them. One way to generate electricity is to burn solid waste, like the material found in landfills. ... That thermal energy is transformed into electrical energy, usually by turning a turbine. Another energy resource that comes from our garbage is the methane gas that is produced as the waste decays. A television set is another device that operates by the transformation of energy. An electrical beam from the back of the television tube strikes a thin layer of chemicals on the television screen, causing them to glow. In this case, electrical energy is converted into light.
Explanation:
In seedcracker finches on a remote island, birds are found with varying bill sizes. Those with larger bills (on average) specialize in cracking hard, thick-walled seeds. Birds with smaller bills (on average) feed on seeds with softer seed coats. If ongoing climate change results in the most of the seeds in the area becoming thich-walled, predict the outcome on the population of seedcracker finches. Select ALL that apply
Answer:answer is b and d
Explanation:
Birds with larger bills (on average) specialize in cracking hard, thick-walled seeds and Birds with smaller bills (on average) feed on seeds with softer seed coats, but if climate change results in most of the seeds in the area becoming thick-walled, then only birds with larger bills will survive.
What is the natural selection in the case of finches?Natural selection selects the best and fittest individuals so that the population or species can grow further, as in this case, where both types of finches are present, but due to climate change, only the seeds with thick walls survived, and the birds that can eat these will survive, while the rest will be removed from the environment.
Hence, birds with larger bills (on average) specialize in cracking hard, thick-walled seeds and Birds with smaller bills (on average) feed on seeds with softer seed coats, but if climate change results in most of the seeds in the area becoming thick-walled, then only birds with larger bills will survive.
Learn more about the process of natural selection here.
https://brainly.com/question/2725702
#SPJ5
NO LINKS I WILL REPORT U
Answer:
I belive the answer would be c...Im sry if im not right
Explanation:
Answer:
C. Return fixed nitrogen to the soil
Explanation:
I'm so sorry if I'm not correct