21. Apply Concepts Classify each reaction and balance the
equations.
a. C3H6(g) + O₂(g) - CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)
Al₂O3(s) + H₂O(l)
Li₂O(s)
Al(OH)3(s)
C. Li(s) + O₂(g)
d. Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) -
Ag(s) + Zn(NO3)₂(aq)

When a developed TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds on the plate.

While a evolved TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds at the plate, forming yellow-brown spots. The shade occurs due to the fact iodine bureaucracy colored complexes with many natural compounds.

The silica gel at the TLC plate is impregnated with a fluorescent material that glows underneath ultraviolet light. A niche will intervene with the fluorescence and seem as a darkish spot on a sparkling background. At the same time as beneath the UV light, the spots may be outlined with a pencil to mark their places.

The staining of a TLC plate with iodine vapor is some of the oldest strategies for the visualization of organic compounds. it's far based totally upon the remark that iodine has a high affinity for each unsaturated and aromatic compounds.

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To learn the temperature, rapid temperature increase and adaptive radiation of euphemisms.

What is temperature?

A substance's temperature is defined as its average kinetic energy across all of its atoms or molecules. A substance's constituent particles do not all possess the same kinetic energy. The distribution of the particles' kinetic energy at any particular moment can be used to describe it.

What is adaptive radiation?

Rapid increases in the number of species sharing a common ancestor are known as "adaptive radiation," which is marked by significant ecological and morphological variety. The adaptation of organisms to novel ecological environments is the driving force behind it.

Around 55 million years ago, there was a sharp rise in global temperature, resulting in tropical conditions worldwide and the adaptive radiation of euphemisms.

Therefore,  these conditions cause adaptive radiation of euphemisms.

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The mass of AgBr produced from 22.5 L of AgNO₃ is 50.01 gram

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object.

Here given reaction is stoichiometric

From the balanced equation for the reaction si

2AgNO₃ + MgBr₂ → 2AgBr + Mg(NO₃)₂

The mole ratio of AgNO₃ and AgBr is 2 : 1

Mole of 22.5 g AgNO₃ = 22.5/169.87

Mole of 22.5 g AgNO₃ = 0.1325 mole

Equivalent mole of AgBr = 0.265 mole

Mass of 0.265 mole AgBr = 0.265×188.77

Mass of 0.265 mole AgBr = 50.01 gram

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The ground state electronic configuration has the lowest energy distribution of the electrons. correct option is (A).

The energy associated to an electron is that of its orbital. The energy of configuration is often approximated as the sum of the energy of each electron, neglecting the electron electron interactions.

The configuration that corresponds to the lowest electronic energy is called the ground state. Any other configuration is an excited state.

As an example, the ground state configuration of the sodium atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1, as deduced from Aufbau principle.

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The expected mass loss for an 8.87-gram sample of NaOH is 2.00 g.

The expected mass loss of a reaction is the mass of the reactant that is lost from the total mass of the reactant as a result of some of the products escaping as gases.

The expected mass loss for an 8.87 gram sample of NaOH is calculated as follows:

The equation of the decomposition of NaOH is reaction is given below as follows:

From the equation of reaction, 2 moles of NaOH lose 1 mole of water

Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g

Mass of 2 moles of NaOH = 2 * 40 g or 80 g

Molar mass of water = 18 g

Hence, 80 g of NaOH loses a mass of 18 g

8.87 g of NaOH will lose 8.87 * 18/80 g = 2.00 g

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The bond dissociation energy, in KJ, to break 1 bond in 1 mole of co₂ molecules is 1644 kJ.

The bond-dissociation strength is one measure of the power of a chemical bond A−B. it is able to be described as the standard enthalpy alternate whilst A−B is cleaved by way of homolysis to present fragments A and B, which are generally radical species.

Calculation:-

The bond dissociation energy of CO₂ is 1644 kJ.

It is an experimental value.

The bond between silicon and fluorine is stated to have the strongest bond dissociation enthalpy. Covalent bonds among atoms or molecules are stated to have susceptible bond dissociation energies.

The bond dissociation energy is the strength required in an endothermic process—to break a bond and shape two atomic or molecular fragments, each with one electron of the authentic shared pair. for this reason, a very solid bond has a large bond dissociation strength extra power needs to be delivered to cleave the bond.

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Answer:

chemical energy then electrical energy

Explanation:

chemical energy in the batteries is converted to electrical energy

For a neutral molecule, the sum of individual oxidation states is 0. Since the oxidation states of Nitrogen and oxygen have already been found in previous steps, the oxidation state of manganese can be found by simple substitution.

Answer: The oxidation states for manganese, nitrogen and oxygen are as +2, +5 and -2 respectively.

The oxidation state, commonly known as the oxidation number, is the potential charge that an atom would have if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of atom oxidation within a chemical compound. The oxidation state may be positive, negative, or zero in theory.

The oxidation state of an atom refers to the total number of electrons that have been added to (forming a negative oxidation state) or subtracted from (producing a positive oxidation state) an element to bring it to its current state.

The oxidation number of a free, neutral element is zero, according to one of these oxidation laws. The charge of a monoatomic ion is equal to the number of its oxidations. The oxidation number for Group IA elements is always 1. The oxidation number for Group IIA elements is always +2.

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False. Because the scientific study of behavior of the substances near 0k is called cryogenics.

The behavior of the substance at very low temperature is called cryogenics. This is the branch of engineering that involves the study of very low temperatures that are below 123k.Rapid moving molecules in a substance  have a higher temperature than slower moving molecules. Ultra cold temperature changes the chemical properties of materials. It is used to produce cryogenic field  for rockets MRI machines, storing large quantity of food. It is also used in freezing blood sample and tissues. This is also use preservation of organs.

Pyrogenic is the formation of the particle by means of flame oxidation of metals in gas phase. This is the study of temperature between 1000c to 2400c.this is produced by producing heat.it generally produced in human body caused by fever.

So, the behavior of a substance at 0k is called cryogenics not pyrogenic.

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The interstitial fluid surrounding the proximal tubules becomes very salty, with a high osmolality due to Na+ and water exchanging across the epithelium, with water moving into the intestinal fluid and Na+ moving into the tubules.

Proximal tubules is the coiled portion arising from the bowmans capsule. It is situated near the cortex.

The proximal convoluted tubules is formed by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. Characteristic feature of these cells is the presence of hair like projections directed towards the lumen to tubules, because of the presence of these projections, the epithelial cells are called as brush bordered cells.

Substances reabsorbed from proximal tubules are glucose, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonates, urea, uric acid, and water.

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The price will lead to a 7.5 increase in quantity. Option A.

Expanded expenses typically result in a lower call-for and call-for increases commonly result in expanded supply. however, the delivery of different merchandise responds to demand otherwise, with some products' demand being much less touchy to costs than others. A fall in charge leads to an extension of call but makes it less worthwhile for a commercial enterprise to supply the best or carrier affected.

Calculation:-

Demand for laundry detergent is = 1.50

Decrease in price percent = 5%

5 % of 1.50 is = 1.50×5/100

= 0.075 or 7.5.

Economists call this the regulation of demand. If the charge goes up, the amount demanded goes down. If the charge decreases, the quantity demanded will increase. that is the regulation of demand. If greater people want to buy inventory than promote it then the price moves up. Conversely, if greater human beings desired to sell a stock than purchase it there could be a greater supply than called for and the charge would fall. knowledge supply and call for is straightforward.

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The maximum mass of pure iron that can be produced by the combustion of coke is 3.9 × 10⁶ kg.

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between gasoline and an oxidant, generally atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, regularly gaseous products, in a combination termed as smoke. combustion, a chemical reaction between materials, typically consisting of oxygen and normally observed by way of the era of warmth and mild inside the shape of a flame.

A combustion reaction is a sort of chemical reaction wherein a response between any flammable substance and an oxidizer takes area as a way to shape an oxidized product. Combustion reactions are regularly followed via fires and the discharge of power in the form of warmth.

Calculation:-

2Fe₂O₃ ------> 4Fe(s) + 3O₂

C(s) + O₂  -------> CO₂ ₓ 3

________________________

2Fe₂O₃ + 3C(s) ------------> 4Fe + 3CO₂(g)

mass of coke = 630 . t

                       = 630 × 1000

                      = 6.3 × 10⁵

So, 3 × 12g og Coke = (4 × 56)/3×12 kgFe

                                  = 39.2 × 10⁵ kg Fe

                                  = 3.9 × 10⁶ kg

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The percentage s character and what percent p character are 25% and 75 % respectively.

Sp3 hybridization refers to the integration character of one 2s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create 4 hybrid orbitals with similar characteristics. in order for an atom to be sp3 hybridized, it must have an s orbital and 3 p orbitals. whilst 1 s and 2 p are superimposed.

Calculation:-

Sp³ = s + 3P

percentage s character = 1/4 × 100

                                        =  25 %

Percentage P character = 3/4 × 100

                                        = 75%

They shape the sp2 hybrid orbital, and the process is called sp2 hybridization. then again, whilst 1 s is superimposed with three p atomic orbitals, they shape a brand new hybrid orbital, named the sp3 hybridized orbital. Orbitals. Hybridized structures. sp.

The time period sp3 hybridization refers to the integration of a man or woman of one 2s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create four hybrid orbitals with comparable traits. in order for an atom to be sp3 hybridized, it needs to have an s orbital and three p orbitals.

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The concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution. The  Concentration of Cl⁻ and Zn²⁺ is 0.28M and 0.14M respectively.

Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in liter. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/liter. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.

Molarity of ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex]=0.14 M

ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex] dissociates as

ZnCl[tex]_2[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex] Zn²⁺+ 2Cl⁻

Concentration of Zn²⁺=0.14 M

Concentration of Cl⁻= 2×0.14 M=0.28M

Therefore, concentration of Cl⁻ and Zn²⁺ is 0.28M and 0.14M respectively.

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Well .you know that PV= nRT.

Explanation:

..and so we access the molar quantity...

n=PVRT=758⋅Torr760⋅Torr⋅atm−1×122⋅mL×10−3⋅L⋅mL0.0821⋅L⋅atmK⋅mol⋅323.15⋅K

=4.59×10−3⋅mol... and please note that if you go thru the quotient the units cancel out to give 1mol−1=11mol= mol  AS REQUIRED....

And then continuing the torture with units, we take the product...

=4.59×10−3⋅mol×39.9⋅g⋅mol−1=0.183⋅g.

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Under conditions of excess oxygen, rubisco will use o2 instead of co2 and less carbon is fixed. This process is called Photorespiration.

What is Photorespiration?

Photorespiration is the process by which molecular oxygen (O2) is taken up by light and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released from organic compounds. The gas exchange is similar to respiration and works in the opposite direction of photosynthesis, where CO2 is fixed and O2 is released.

Carbon fixation produces two molecules, 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA), which enter the Calvin cycle and eventually form sugars.

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The stress that would lead to response by succession is volcanic eruption.

We define the term environmental stress as anything that tends to change the way the environment is. We know that there are several events that could change the way that the ecosystem operates as well as the kind of species that are in the ecosystem.

When there is a volcanic eruption, there is likely to be an ecological succession in which the new kinds of organisms would appear in the ecosystem as it begins to recover from the impact of the volcanic eruption.

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Electrons are transferred through the respiratory chain from reduced nadh or fadh2 to oxygen in small steps with each step in the pathway associated with a slightly more positive reduction potential.

What is  reduction potential?

Because reduction requires electron gain, an electrode's tendency to gain electrons is referred to as its reduction potential.

The electrode potential is the equilibrium potential difference between the metal electrode and the solution around it. It is also defined as an electrode's proclivity to lose or gain electrons.

When a piece of metal is immersed in a solution of its own ions, a potential difference is formed at the metal-solution contact. The size of the potential difference measures the tendency of electrodes to oxidize or reduce, or to lose or acquire electrons.

The half cell is represented by the metal and the ion, and the reaction is half-reaction. The immersed metal is an electrode, and the potential is caused by a reaction at the electrode's interface, and the solution is known as the electrode potential. Thus, electrode potential is an electrode's proclivity to lose or absorb electrons. The reduction potential is used when the reduction occurs at the electrode.

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A balanced chemical equation for this reaction would be 1 mole of Ca reacting with 1 mole of Cl2 to produce one mole of CaCl2.

A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reactant and product side of the reaction and the total charge are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.

In the formation of calcium chloride reaction we can see that Calcium is reacting with chlorine molecule to form a calcium chloride molecule. From the balanced chemical reaction we can see that one mole of calcium reacts with one mole of Cl2 to form one mole of calcium chloride molecule. The reaction is given below

Ca + Cl2 ⇄ CaCl2

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The correct option for chemically balanced equation is - d. 3Fe + 4[tex] H_{2}[/tex]O > [tex] Fe_{3}[/tex][tex] O_{4}[/tex] + [tex] H_{2}[/tex].

The mentioned chemically balanced reaction states reaction between iron and water to produce iron oxide and hydrogen. Fe represents iron, [tex] H_{2}[/tex]O represents water, [tex] Fe_{3}[/tex][tex] O_{4}[/tex] represents iron (II, III) oxide and [tex] H_{2}[/tex] represents hydrogen.

Iron oxides are commonly found in human body and environment. It is present in body as haemoglobin and in nature as ores. The applications are as catalyst, paints, concretes, thermites etc. Iron oxides possess multiple properties including large surface area, magnetic properties and low toxicity. The low toxicity makes it a suitable candidate for therapeutic purposes in human body by participating in drug delivery, magnetic coatings, biosensors, and other purposes like wastewater purification, magnetic data storage etc.

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Answer:

The car is carrying a volume of air that is moving at 80 mph relative to the ground. But inside the car itself, the air not moving very much. If you take the windshield out and drive a 80 mph you will smash the fly onto the back window.

Explanation:

.

Answer:

There are places on earth where its too hot and the water evaporates and that means that the land dries out and the water goes away and people can't live there.

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The first two quantum numbers for the electrons located in subshell 4d is n=4,l=2

For n = 4, l = 2

Here, n represents the principal quantum number

The d in 4d represents d orbital as determined by the secondary quantum number (l).

The quantum number l tells us the shape of the orbital.

l = 0     s orbital

l = 1      p orbital

l = 2     d orbital

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Answer: get frogged person

Explanation:

Ammonia can form nitrite, which can then be converted into nitrate. Both can be taken in by plants. This process is known as nitrification.

The nitrogen cycle refers to the processes by which nitrogen is cycled between the living and non-living components of the environment.

The nitrogen cycle consists of processes that add as well as remove nitrogen from the soil and the atmosphere.

Plants require nitrogen for growth. This nitrogen is sourced mainly from the atmosphere. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, however, it exists in a form that is not readily available to plants.

Hence several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and ammonia conversion are required for plants to obtain nitrogen.

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The frequency of a 4,600 cm wave is 652 Hz

Frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time

Here given data is

Wave =  4,600 cm = 4.6 × 10⁸ nm

We have to calculated frequency = ?

Frequency =v = c/λ

Frequency = 3×10⁸m / 4.6 × 10⁸ nm

Frequency = 652 Hz

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All atoms of a given element contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

The smallest component of ordinary stuff that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma. Atoms are very tiny, measuring approximately 100 picometers across.

Each atom is made up of a nucleus and one or more electrons that are linked to it. One or more protons and a significant number of neutrons make up the nucleus. Only the most prevalent kind of hydrogen is neutron-free. The nucleus of an atom contains more than 99.94% of its mass.

Although the number of protons in the nucleus is the same for all atoms of the same chemical element, the number of neutrons is not. As a result, atoms of the same chemical element do not always have the same mass.

Thus, option A is correct.

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STP volume of carbon dioxide gas produced from the combustion of 14.0 g of propane according to the combustion reaction is 20.83 L

What is Combustion reaction?

STP, Volume of CO2 = ?

Combustion reaction of propane:

C3H8 + 5 O2 --> 3 CO2 + 4 H20

Molar mass of C3H8 is 12×3 + 8×1 = 36+8 = 44g/mol

No of moles of C3H8 in 14 g = 14 g / 44 = 0.31 mol

So no of moles of CO2 produced = 3× 0.31 mol

At STP, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4L

STP volume of CO2 gas is 22.4×3×0.31 = 20.83 L

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The equilibrium constant  for the following reaction. round the answer to significant digits 3.41 × 10⁻⁸.

The reaction is given as :

2NOCl   ----->   2NO   +   Cl₂

The Gibbs energy is given as:

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln K

at equilibrium ΔG = 0

ΔG° = ∑ ΔG° products - ∑ ΔG° reactants

ΔG° NOCl = 66.3 kJ/mol

ΔG° NO = 87.6 kJ/mol

ΔG°  Cl₂ = 0 kJ /mol

ΔG° = ∑ ΔG° products - ∑ ΔG° reactants

       =  (2 × 87.6 + 0) - (2 × 66.3 )

       = 42.6 kJ /mol

equilibrium constant K = exp (- ΔG° / RT )

                                      =  exp ( - 42.6 / ( 8.314 × 10⁻³ × 298)

                                      = 3.41 × 10⁻⁸

Thus, using any data that can find in the aleks data resource, the equilibrium constant for the following reaction. 2NOCl. The equilibrium constant at for the following reaction. round the answer to significant digits 3.41 × 10⁻⁸.

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