As the effective nuclear charge of an atom increases the atomic radii decreases and the ionization energy increases.
Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an single electron in an multi electron atom. The term “effective” is used because of the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons that prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge.
So keeping this concept in mind we can say that as the effective nuclear charge on any atom increases the atomic radii or the size of the atom decreases. This is because as the the effective nuclear charge increases the electrons that are present in the orbit are pulled closer to the nucleus, so if the effective nuclear charge is more then the electrons are pulled more towards the nucleus and therefore the size or rhe atomic radii decreases
Now if we talk about the ionization energies, ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outer most electron from the orbit to form the ion. So if the effective nuclear charge is more for an atom then obviously the size of the atom would be less and because of this it will be difficult to remove the outermost electron as it is strongly attracted towards the nucleus. Hence the ionization energy will be more.
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3H₂SO4 + 2B(OH)3 → B2(SO4)3 + 6H₂O What is the mole ratio between sulfuric acid and boron hydroxide?
From the balanced reaction equation shown, the mole ratio of the sulfuric aid and the boron hydroxide is 3:2.
What is the mole ratio?We know that in a chemical reaction, there are two sides; the reactants side and the products side. In the reactants side, what we have are the species that were combined to be able to get the products that we would have on the right hand side.
We have to recall that the way the reaction takes place and the formula of the products that are formed depends on the formula of the reactants as well as the mole ratio of the reactants. The mole ratio has to do with the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and the products in the reaction.
We now have to study the reaction closely so that we can be able to obtain the mole ratio of the sulfuric acid and the boron hydroxide.
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The density of WATER is 1gmL. Is the unlabeled clear liquid WATER? Why or why not? Pls explain
Yes, the unlabeled clear liquid water has a density of 1 gram/liter.
What is density?Density refers to the mass of an object in unit volume of a substance. The formula for density can be represented as density = Mass / Volume. Density is expressed in grams / cubic centimeter. A common unit of measurement for water's density is gram per milliliter i.e. 1 g/ml or 1 gram per cubic centimeter i.e. 1 g/cm3.
So the exact density of water is not 1 g/ml, but rather less at 0.99 g/ml at 4° Celsius which is about 39.2° Fahrenheit. Water is an inorganic, transparent, odorless, and colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of the hydrosphere of the earth and the fluids of all living organisms. It is important for all forms of life despite providing no food, energy, or organic micro-nutrients.
So we can conclude that the unlabeled clear liquid water has 1 gram/liter of density.
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what is the carbon concentration of an iron-carbon alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94
The carbon concentration of an iron-carbon alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94 is 0.423.
Alloy is a substance that is composed of two or more metals or of a metal and a non - metal which are united among themselves by fusion in their molten state.
Iron-carbon alloy is an alloy than contains iron(metal) and carbon(non-metal) as its constituents.
Carbon concentration of iron-carbon alloy is calculated as follows:
W = {C (Fe₃C) - C₀} / {C (Fe₃C) - C}
⇒ 0.94 = (6.7 - C₀) / (6.7 - 0.022)
⇒ 0.94 × 6.678 = 6.7 - C₀
⇒ 6.277 = 6.7 - C₀
⇒ C₀ = 6.7 - 6.277
⇒ C₀ = 0.423
Hence, the carbon concentration of an iron-carbon alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94 is 0.423.
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A cookie recipe uses teaspoon of vanilla with cup of flour. How much vanilla should be used with five cups of flour?.
Which of the following give the correct assignment of oxidation numbers? Select all that apply.
-The oxidation number for Mn in KMnO4 is +2.
-The oxidation number for hydrogen in CuH is +1.
-The oxidation number for chlorine in the ion ClO3- = +5.
-The oxidation number for iron in FeO is +2.
-The oxidation number for aluminum in Al2O3= +2.
Result is Chlorine has an oxidation number of +5 in the ion ClO3-.
What exactly does oxidation mean?A chemical process that occurs when an object comes in contact with carbon or another oxidizer. Rust and an apple's brown color are examples of oxidation.
Why is it known as "oxidation"?Antoine Lavoisier coined the term "oxidation" in order to describe a substance's reaction with oxygen. Much later, it was understood that the substance loses electrons when it is oxidized, and the term was expanded to cover other processes in which electron are lost, whether or not oxygen was present.
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Fill in the blanks
In locations ______ above sea level such as Denver, Colorado, the atmospheric pressure is ______ because the air is less dense. This means that it takes ______ thermal energy to get a liquid to boil in these locations.
In locations one mile above sea level such as Denver, Colorado, the atmospheric pressure is less than 1 atm because the air is less dense. This means that it takes 95 °C thermal energy to get a liquid to boil in these locations
There are small molecule of air in the atmosphere and these molecules combine and form different layer in the atmosphere which create some kind of pressure and the pressure create by the air molecule layer is known to be the atmospheric pressure which is exerted by everything in the atmosphere and less pressure will decreases the temprature for water boiling point
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which of the following is true about the desired alkene and the by-product triphenylphosphine oxide in this experiment?
Both the desirable alkene and the unwanted triphenylphosphine oxide dissolve in DCM in this experiment. Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane).
is a typical organophosphorus substance with the formula P(C6H5)3, often known as PPh3 or Ph3P. The synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds makes extensive use of it. Colorless crystals of PPh3 are relatively air stable is called Triphenylphosphine.
A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is known as an alkene in organic chemistry. Any hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds is referred to as an alkene, which is frequently used as a synonym for an olefin. A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is known as an alkene in organic chemistry.
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What is the bond order of Br2?
Answer:
this one is 1
Explanation:
The bond order of Br2 is 1.
What is bond order?
Bond order defines the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms and is a measure of a bond's stability.
A single covalent bond between two atoms has a bond order of 1, a double covalent bond has a bond order of 2, a triple covalent bond has a bond order of 3, and so on.To determine the bond order if the molecule has more than two atoms:Depict the Lewis framework.Count all the ties together.Determine the total number of bond groups spanning each atom.Subtract the quantity of atom-to-atom bonds from the total number of bond groups in the molecule.A molecule cannot form if the bond order is zero.More electron attraction is indicated by a high bond order. The atoms are bound together more firmly when there is a greater bond order. Because there is less electron attraction when the bond order is lower, the atoms are held together more loosely.Bond order also reveals the bond's stability. The more electrons binding the atoms together, the higher the bond order, and the higher the stability.Since bromine only needs one more electron to complete an octet, it will work tirelessly to acquire it. A bromine atom joins with another bromine atom to do this through a covalent connection.
Hence bond order of Br2 is 1
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in this process, the systems undergo which of the following changes? in this process, the systems undergo which of the following changes? phase changes only temperature changes only both phase and temperature changes neither phase nor temperature changes
In this process, the systems undergo phase and temperature changes.
Hence , option C is correct.
How does this happens?
In this process, ice is melted to water thus, it's phase changes.
After mixing ice temperature of the tea goes down. Thus, temperature of the system also changes.
Therefore, in the process both phase and temperature change.
Phase Change = There are three types of phases solid, liquid, or gas. Melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing, sublimation, and deposition are the six ways a substance can transition between these three phases.
Temperature Change = Temperature change on the other hand can be defined as sudden increase or decrease in the temperature.
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Dna is composed of units called , each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.
DNA is composed of units called nucleotide , each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.
What is DNA?This is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid and it is the genetic material of most organisms and ensures that traits are passed from the parent to offspring during the process of reproduction.
It is made up of units called nucleotide which contains different compounds such as the following below and is used for various purposes such as for identification.
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The fuel butane (C4H10) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Which of the following best describes the carbon atoms involved in this reaction?
A.
The arrangement of carbon atoms does not change.
B.
Three carbon atoms are formed in the reaction.
C.
The number of carbon atoms does not change.
D.
Three carbon atoms are destroyed in the reaction.
In the combustion of butane 4 moles of carbon dioxide and 5 moles of water are produced. Therefore, the number of carbon atom does not change at all.
What is combustion reaction?Combustion reaction is the reaction of a gas with atmospheric oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The combustion reaction of butane gas is written as follows:
[tex]\rm C_{4} H_{8} + \frac{13}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow 4 CO_{2} + 5H_{2}O[/tex].
As per this balanced equation, 4 moles of carbon dioxide are produced from one mole of butane. According to mass conservation law, total mass in a reaction will be conserved and no atoms lost or gained.
Hence, each element will be equal in number on both side. There are 4 carbon atoms in both side of the reaction. Thus number of carbon atoms does not change.
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According to the law of conservation of mass, the number of carbon atoms does not change and hence it best describes carbon atoms in the reaction.
What is law of conservation of mass?According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .
Law of conservation of mass and energy are related as mass and energy are directly proportional which is indicated by the equation E=mc².Concept of conservation of mass is widely used in field of chemistry, fluid dynamics.
Law needs to be modified in accordance with laws of quantum mechanics under the principle of mass and energy equivalence.This law was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the year 1789.
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A student titrates an unknown amount of potassium hydrogen
phthalate (KHC%H4O4, often abbreviated KHP) with 20.46 mL
of a 0.1000-M NaOH solution. KHP (molar mass = 204.22 g/
mol) has one acidic hydrogen. What mass of KHP was titrated
(reacted completely) by the sodium hydroxide solution?
The mass of KHP titrated by the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.4178 g.
What is the balanced equation for this case?
[tex]HC_{8} H_{4} 0_{4} K + NaOH[/tex] ==> [tex]C_{8} H_{4} O_{4}KNa + H_{2}O[/tex]
moles of NaOH used = 0.02046 L x 0.1000 moles/L = 0.002046 moles
NaOH = 0.002046 moles KHP (1:1 mole ratio from balanced equation).
Mass KHP = 0.002046 moles KHP x 204.22 g/mole =
= 0.41783 grams = 0.4178 g (to 4 significant figures
What are titrations?
Titration is the process of gradually adding one solution with a known concentration (referred to as a titrant) to the known volume of another solution with an unknown concentration. The titrant is added until the second solution's unknown concentration is neutralised by the titrant, which is frequently visible by a change in colour when employing an indicator.
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uppose you have two identical 1.0 l sealed containers. both containers are kept at exactly 25oc. one vessel contains only neon gas at 1.5 atm, and the other contains only xenon gas at 1.9 atm. is the value for the moles of neon less than, equal to, or greater than that of xenon? explain.
The total kinetic energy of a gas's molecules is influenced by its temperature and molar mass. However, all gases have same kinetic energy average when the temperature is the same.
What is the purpose of a xenon?In some specialized light sources, xenon is employed. It is activated by an electrical discharge, which results in a stunning blue glow. Sunbed lamps, bactericidal lamps for use in food processing, and high electrical flash bulbs for photographers are all uses for xenon lamps.
What makes xenon unique?One of the noble gases, xenon is odorless, tasteless, colorless, and chemically inert. Although not hazardous by itself, its components are potent oxidizers that are extremely toxic.
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What substance did the plant most likely absorb from the water for the process that produces the oxygen gas? How do you know?
The plant most likely absorb from the water for the process that produces the oxygen gas is Carbon Dioxide .
What is photosynthesis ?
Photosynthesis is defined as the processes that bring about the manufacturing of food by green plants.
Food is complex energy-rich organic matter which living organisms feed on to obtain nutrients, substances necessary for life. Green plants which are known as autotrophs has the ability to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
The main features of photosynthesis include:
It takes place in the chloroplasts of plants, in the presence of sunlight.
The energy needed for the process is gotten from sunlight which is absorbed by chlorophyll found in the chloroplasts.
The raw materials used are low-energy containing inorganic compounds, example: carbon dioxide and water.
The final products are high-energy containing sugars. oxygen is given off as a waste product.
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most alcohols are soluble in methanol or ethanol. explain why these compounds are not used as solvents in the tcica test.
Because the Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) test is used to separate primary from secondary alcohols. Both major alcohols, methanol, and ethanol will undergo TCICA's oxidation process. Consequently, acetonitrile is employed as the solvent for the TCICA test rather than one of these.
What is TCICA test?
Simple primary and secondary alcohols can easily be separated from one another based on how quickly they oxidize when exposed to trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA). The TCICA test is carried out by adding the unknown to a solution of TCICA in acetonitrile3 containing hydrochloric acid4 and timing how long it takes for a precipitate5 to develop. Secondary alcohols respond quickly while primary alcohols react more slowly.
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Students are observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. Which type of transport are they observing?.
Observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. this type of transport are they observing is active transport.
The active transport can be as the movement of the particles from lower concentration to the higher concentration are on the opposite in the direction of the concentration gradient. in the given condition the particles are moving in the against the concentration gradient in an investigation so, this is an active transport. The active transport are of two types : the primary active transport and the secondary active transport.
Thus, Observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. this type of transport are they observing is active transport.
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Chemically speaking, minerals are organic.
a. True
b. False
Chemically speaking, minerals are organic is false.
What are minerals?Minerals are defined as a naturally crystallized element or chemical compound that was created through geological processes. The growth of strong bones and teeth is one of minerals' three main purposes. controlling a cell's internal and external body fluids. transforming the food you eat into energy. They support the creation of new technology and are an integral component of daily living.
Inorganic materials include minerals. A mineral is an inorganic solid that forms naturally and has an ordered arrangement of atoms and ions as well as a distinct chemical composition. Your belt buckle, jewelry, and clothing zippers are all formed of metal, which is a mineral. An inorganic material is a mineral. It wasn't created by living things.
Thus, chemically speaking, minerals are organic is false.
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70 miles per hour in kilometers per minute
Answer:
≈ 112.65 kmh
Explanation:
Formula
for an approximate result, divide the speed value by 37.282
hope this helped :)
Explanation:
1 mile = 1.609344... km
1 hour = 60 minutes
70 mph = 70 × 1.609344 / 60 =
= 1.877568... km/minute
Would zinc be feasible to remove the copper outer layer and recover it from hydrochloric acid instead of zinc core? why or why not?
zinc is more reactive than hydrogen it displaces hydrogen in dilute hydrochloric acid.
Life cannot exist without the chemical element zinc (Zn), which belongs to Group 12 (IIb, or the zinc group) of the periodic table and is one of the most widely utilized metals. Zinc has a significant commercial significance.
Average zinc content per ton in the Earth's crust is 65 grams (2.3 ounces), which is somewhat greater than copper. The primary zinc mineral, sphalerite, as well as its oxidation products, smithsonite and hemimorphite, make up almost all of the world's zinc ore. Native zinc deposits have reportedly been discovered in Australia, New Zealand, and the US. The main producers of zinc at the start of the twenty-first century are China, Australia, and Peru.
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Temperature is a measure of the _______ energy of the molecules within a substance.
Answer:
average kinetic energy
Explanation:
chemical analysis of a natural organic compound important in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and vitamin d in the human body is found to be 87.73% c and 12.27% h by mass. mass spectrometry data give its molecular mass of the compound as 410 u. based on the general relation (molecular formula)
If mass spectrometry data give its molecular mass of the compound as 410 u, then the empirical formula units in the molecular formula will be 10.
% mass of C in vitamin D present in the human body = 87.73 %
% mass of H in vitamin D present in the human body = 12.27 %
Molecular mass of the compound = 410 u
Empirical formula units in the molecular formula = ?
Calculate the empirical units of C and H
empirical units = percentage / atomic weight
empirical units of C = 87.73 / 12
empirical units of C = 7.3
empirical units of H = 12.27 / 1
empirical units of C = 12.27
Divide the formula units by the least value and multiply by 3
empirical formula units of C = 7.3 / 7.3 × 3
empirical formula units of C = 3
empirical formula units of H = 12.27 / 7.3 × 3
empirical formula units of H = 5
So empirical formula units = C₃H₅
Calculate the empirical formula mass
emperical formula mass = 3 × 12 + 5 × 1
emperical formula mass = 41
Calculate the empirical formula units
empirical formula units = molecular mass / empirical mass
empirical formula units = 410 / 41
empirical formula units = 10
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f
8. Which property would be least helpful
in determining whether a
substance is a metal or a
nonmetal?
a. conductivity
b. luster
d.
c. ductility
d. state
9.Which is an example of a nonmetal?
a. copper
b. phosphorus
c. mercury
cadmium
10. An element near argon in the periodic
table would probably be
a. a good electrical conductor.
b. a poor heat conductor.
c. solid at room temperature.
d. shiny and malleable.
11. The unit cm³ is used to express
a. length.
b. mass.
c. volume.
d. time.
12. The conversion factor
1L
10³ mL
be used to change
a. milliliters to liters.
b. liters to milliliters.
would
8. Luster would be the least helpful property in determining whether a substance is a metal or non-metal.
What is Luster?
Luster is a type of physical property which helps in determining whether a substance is capable of reflecting light from their surface and then it would decide if it is lustrous or not.9. Phosphorus is the identified non-metal here.
What is a non-metal?
Non-metal materials are the type of elements that do not produce any kind of heat or electricity or simply that cannot be molded from it existing property.10. An element near Argon in the periodic table would probably be a poor heat conductor.
What is a periodic table?
A periodic table is consists of chemical elements and are arranged in a manner, depending on their particular feature called, Atomic Number.11. The unit cm3 is used to express Volume.
What do you mean by the unit cm3?
The unit cm3 means A Cubic Centimeter, It is a unit of distance or length.12. The conversion factor 1L/103L would be used to change Liters to Milliliters.
What are Liters and Milliliters?
Liters and Milliliters are used to measure the amount of a substance in its liquid form.To learn more about Elements, Periodic Table, Metals and Non-metals, check this link:
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many chemical operators believe that the inerted vapors above a flammable liquid are not flammable when they mix with air. this is frequently not the case: if the inerted vapors escape from the vessel and mix with air or if the vessel is purged with air after emptying, the resulting mixture might be flammable.
The vapor escapes from the storage vessel it will mix with air and become flammable.
Inert is different from flushing. flushing ensures that no ignitable mixture is formed. Inerting makes flammable mixtures safe by introducing an inert gas. Exhaust gas generated from a ship's boiler into a scrubber by a fan cleaned and cooled to generate inert gas, which is sent to the ship's cargo tank as an inert gas.
Inert gas is an asphyxiating agent. Asphyxiating gases replace the oxygen in the air and reduce the oxygen you breathe. Without oxygen, you will die. Before entering a room with large amounts of inert gas, make sure there is enough oxygen in the room or have a self-contained breathing apparatus. They are said to adopt the noble gas configuration or the perfect electronic configuration.
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In the reaction of 0.075 g of sodium with water at room temperature and pressure in a trough, the metal disappeared in 15 s.
a) Find the average rate of decrease of the sodium in g/s
b) Find the average rate of decrease of the sodium in mol/s
c) Find the average rate of production of hydrogen in g/s
d) Find the average rate of production of hydrogen in mol/s
In obtaining the rate of reaction for the reaction of sodium metal and water;
a) -0.005 g/s
b) 0.000217 mol/s
c) 0.00025 g/s
d) 0.0001084 mol/s
What is the rate of reaction?The term rate of reaction has to do with the rate at which the reactants are changed to become products or the rate at which the products are seen to appear.
a) The average rate of decrease of the sodium in g/s is;
Mass of sodium/ time taken
= -(0.075 g / 15 s) = -0.005 g/s
b) The average rate of decrease of the sodium in mol/s;
Number of moles of sodium = 0.075 g/23 g/mol = 0.00326 moles
Given that;
Number of moles/ time taken
= 0.00326 moles/15 s
= 0.000217 mol/s
Given that the reaction equation is;
[tex]2Na(s) + 2H_{2} O(l) ---- > 2NaOH(aq) + H_{2}(g)[/tex]
c) The average rate of production of hydrogen in g/s = 1/2 * 0.005 g/s
= 0.00025 g/s
d) The average rate of production of hydrogen in mol/s;
1/2 * 0.000217 mol/s
= 0.0001084 mol/s
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I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP CHEMISTRY
Use what you know about electronegativity to predict the relative strength of the bond between CaO (Calcium Oxide) and NiO (Nickel II Oxide).
A reducing agent ( gains / loses ) electrons while an oxidizing agent ( gains / loses ) electrons
In an endothermic reaction the total bond energy in the reactants is (greater / less than)
the bond energy of the products so energy is (released / absorbed ) by the reaction
Balance the following decomposition reaction:
5__ Al2O3 → _5_Al + _3_O2
Answer: make it paragraph form lol
Explanation: i really want 30 points
what are some methods to purify water
Answer:
boiling it
Explanation:
the most simple way to purify water both at home and in the wild, is by boiling in kettle or if you are in the wilderness simply by boiling it over a fire.
One of the ways to purify water is by filtration.
What is filtration process?
Filtration is a physical separation procedure that uses a filter material with a complicated structure through which only fluid can flow to separate solid matter and fluid from a mixture. Oversize solid particles are those that cannot pass through the filter medium, and the fluid that does is known as the filtrate. Oversize particles can form a filter cake on top of the filter and also block the filter lattice, preventing the fluid phase from passing through the filter, a process known as blinding. The effective pore size of a filter is the size of the biggest particles that can successfully pass through it.
Water can be purified by the process of filtration.
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what hybridization is required for central atoms that have a tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs?
Answer:
sp3
Explanation:
4 bonds to central atom with no lone pair
Commercial grade hcl solutions are typically 39. 0% (by mass) hcl in water. Determine the molarity of the hcl, if the solution has a density of 1. 20 g/ml.
The molarity of the HCl, if the solution has a density of 1. 20 g/ml will be 12.83 M
% of HCL in the solution = 39.0 %
Density of the solution = 1.20 g/ml
Molarity of HCL = ?
Volume of the solution is not given so we take it as 1.0 L
Calculate the mass of silution
mass = density × volume
mass of solution = 1.20 g/ml × 1000 ml/L × 1.0 L
mass of solution = 1200 g
Calculate the mass of HCl
38 % = 38 g / 100 g
mass of HCl = 1200 g (39 g / 100 g)
mass of HCl = 1200g × 0.39 g
mass of HCl = 468 g
Now calculate the number of moles of HCl
number of moles = mass / molar mass
number of moles of HCl = 468 g / 36.46 g
number of moles of HCl = 12.83 mol
Calculate molarity
molarity = number of moles of solute / volume L
molraty HCl = 12.83 mol / 1 L
molarity of HCl = 12.83 mol/L or 12.83 M
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Explain the reason for the sequence of addition of the ether solution employed at the beginning of the formation of the Grignard reagent in the experimental procedure above.
It helps Bromination of the Grignard reagent because it helps solvate and stabilize the reagent as it forms.
The very simple reason is that in ether, there is no acidic Hydrogen present on which the Grignard reagent RMgX can attack and get itself converted to R−H .
This reaction is treasured for its capacity to form carbon-carbon bonds. The Grignard reagents are formed from the response of an alkyl halide with magnesium metal in anhydrous ether. The carbon atom of the Grignard reagent can characteristic as both a sturdy base and a strong nucleophile.
Grignard reagents are used synthetically to form new carbon–carbon bonds. A Grignard reagent has a very polar carbon–magnesium bond wherein the carbon atom has a partial bad fee and the metallic a partial wonderful rate.
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An inexpensive laser that is available to the public emits light that has a wavelength of 670 nm. What is the color and frequency of the radiation
Answer:
The color would be red
Frequency = (speed) / (wavelength) = (3 x 108) / (670 x 10-9) = (3/670) x 1017 = 4.48 x 1014 Hz = 448,000 GHz.
Explanation: