All of the following among A-D apply to toll-like receptors EXCEPT A. they bind to PAMPS B. they induce the release of cytokines when activated C. they directly lyse bound pathogens D. when stimulated, they activate the immune system of the body E. there are no exceptions, A-D are all true
The toll-like receptors do NOT directly lyse bound pathogens (Option C). These protein receptors play fundamental roles in the innate immune system.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are single-pass membrane-spanning protein receptors that play fundamental functions in the innate immune system.
TLRs are differentially expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (i.e., macrophages and dendritic cells) in order to recognize evolutionary conserved antigenic domains in different pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. bacteria).
TLRs initiate innate immune responses such as, for example, inflammatory responses, by identifying conserved pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMPs).
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A) What structures form the male part of the flower
B) What structures form the female part of a flower
C) how do male gametes find female gametes in a flower ?describe with de
Answer:
a - The androecium
b - the pistil
c - Male gametes is the pollen and it find the female gamete by wind, pollenators, and water.
Explanation:
Which of the following is true of gravity?
1 it is a pulling force
2 it holds objects in orbit
3 it is a bending of space
4 it can alter the path of light
5 all of the above
Answer:
5. All of the above
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
what would be a likely result of expressing telomerase in somatic cells?
Answer:
cancer
Explanation:
When comparing plant cells to animal cells, which organelle is only present in plant cells?(1 point)
mitochondrion
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cell wall
Answer:
- cell wall -
Explanation:
The answer is a cell wall because the cell wall in a plant acts as a 'skeletal system'.
So tell yourself does, an animal that already has a skeleton, need the cell wall?!
NO! It dan't! That's why animals don't have the cell walls and plants do.
!!! Hoped that helped !!!
When comparing plant cells to animal cells, cell wall is only present in plant cells. The correct option is D.
What is cell wall?A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells.
It can be tough, flexible, and rigid at times. It provides structural support and protection to the cell, as well as acting as a filtering mechanism.
The cell wall is made up of a network of cellulose microfibrils and cross-linking glycans embedded in a matrix of pectin polysaccharides that is highly cross-linked. Lignin can be found in secondary cell walls.
It provides a structural framework for plant growth and serves as the plant's first line of defense against pathogens.
The cell wall must also retain some flexibility so that it can be rapidly remodeled in response to developmental, biotic, or abiotic stimuli.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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From a plant cell leucoplast is removed. What will its effect be on the cell functioning?.
Answer:
Leucoplasts (λευκός leukós "white", πλαστός plastós "formed, molded") are a category of plastid and as such are organelles found in plant cells. They are non-pigmented, in contrast to other plastids such as the chloroplast.
Leucoplasts, specifically, amyloplasts
Lacking photosynthetic pigments, leucoplasts are not green and are located in non-photosynthetic tissues of plants, such as roots, bulbs and seeds. They may be specialized for bulk storage of starch, lipid or protein and are then known as amyloplasts, elaioplasts, or proteinoplasts (also called aleuroplasts) respectively. However, in many cell types, leucoplasts do not have a major storage function and are present to provide a wide range of essential biosynthetic functions, including the synthesis of fatty acids such as palmitic acid, many amino acids, and tetrapyrrole compounds such as heme. In general, leucoplasts are much smaller than chloroplasts and have a variable morphology, often described as amoeboid. Extensive networks of stromules interconnecting leucoplasts have been observed in epidermal cells of roots, hypocotyls, and petals, and in callus and suspension culture cells of tobacco. In some cell types at certain stages of development, leucoplasts are clustered around the nucleus with stromules extending to the cell periphery, as observed for proplastids in the root meristem.
Etioplasts, which are pre-granal, immature chloroplasts but can also be chloroplasts that have been deprived of light, lack active pigment and can be considered leucoplasts. After several minutes exposure to light, etioplasts begin to transform into functioning chloroplasts and cease being leucoplasts. Amyloplasts are of large size and store starch. Proteinoplasts store proteins and are found in seeds (pulses). Elaioplasts store fats and oils and are found in seeds. They are also called oleosomes.
What is the upper section of the pharynx which contains the adenoids?
Answer:
a. Nasopharynx
Explanation: is correct. post protected
*blank* is the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development.
Answer:
Physiology is the branch concerned with the study of embryos and their development.
organism that makes its own food
Answer:
Explanation:
autotrophs
An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers. Plants are the most familiar type of autotroph, but there are many different kinds of autotrophic organisms.
The nitrogenous base adenice is found in all the members of which group
Answer:
ATP, RNA, NAD and DNA.
Explanation:
A nitrogenous base; it is an organic molecule containing a nitrogen, carbon and other atoms that has the chemical properties of a base that is why they are called as bases. The nitrogenous bases are; i) adenine, ii) guanine, iii) thymine, iv) uracil and v)cytosine.
Adenine is a nitrogenous base which is found in ATP, RNA. NAD, FAD and DNA. adenine pairs with thymine in DNA synthesis.
Which of the following is TRUE about ovarian cysts?
Answer:
d. All of the above
Explanation: is correct.
Answer:
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Explanation:
a
A balance is best used to measure a sample's
volume
b. length
C. mass
d. size
Answer:
size
Explanation:
"Tall" "purple" and "wrinkled" are examples of?
Tall purple and wrinkled are the examples of Phenotypes.
What are phenotypes?The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological properties, its behavior, and the products of behavior.
Moreover, the observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes; the clinical presentation of an individual with a particular genotype.
Therefore, phenotype examples include earwax type, height, blood type, eye color, freckles, and hair color.
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Insect are classified into how many main group ?
Answer: 3 Sub classes wingless insects known as apterygota and winged insects known as pterygota
Explanation:
This is a question on the circulatory system. I don't understand how the pathway that the blood goes through in the heart makes it oxygenated. Could someone pleas explain to me what each part does and how when it goes to the lungs it gets oxygenated?
Answer:
deoxygenated blood is pumped back to the heart with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. Blood is then in the right atrium then it is pushed to the right ventricle in the heart. it is the pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs(the pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood). In the lungs blood is pumped to the cappilleries in the bronchus where oxygen in the air is passed through to the blood with heamoglobin and thus now the blood is oxygenated. The blood is the pumped brought back to the heart with the pulmonary vein(the pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood).It flows into the left atrium where it is then pushed down into the left ventricle and is then pumped up through the aorta to the whole body.
Explanation:
I hope this explains what you asked.
The graph above shows the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction at
different substrate concentrations in the presence of a constant
concentration of the enzyme.
Connect the primary structure of the enzyme to its overall shape.
The overall shape of an enzyme changes after the attachment with the substrate.
Enzymes are proteins composed of amino acids that linked together in one or more polypeptide chains. This sequence of amino acids in the form of polypeptide chain is known as the primary structure of an enzyme.
The tertiary structure is the enzyme's overall three dimensional structure, which occurs due to interactions between the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein and the active sites of the substrate with which the enzyme can attach so we can conclude that the overall shape of an enzyme changes after the attachment with the substrate.
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The primary structure of enzymes determinies their functions and their secondary and tertiary structures. R groups remain in the center of the molecule and stabilize the structure.
--------------------------
To answer this question, we need to remember that enzymes are proteins, and hence, they share many properties. From now on, we will refer to the enzyme as proteins or molecules.
AMINO ACIDSAmino acids are organic molecules. They are composed of a central carbon, one hydrogen atom, one carboxyl group (COOH), one amine group (NH2), and one R group.
The composition of the R group is what makes them different from each other.
PROTEINS -enzymes-Proteins are amino acid polymers linearly arranged and connected by peptidic bonds. These molecules characterize by their different structures.
The peptidic bond is the union of two amino acids by their carboxyl and amine groups.
The R group of each amino acid is involved in stabilizing the molecule through their interactions.
The amount of amino acids that compose the polypeptide and their order in the chain determines the primary structure of the protein. The primary structure of the proteins determines the tertiary one.
Protein functions also depend on the aminoacids sequences. Proteins with different functions have different sequences. And among species, proteins with similar functions have similar structures.
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
The primary structure refers to the sequence in which the amino acids are arranged in the chain.
The secondary structure is the folding that the polypeptide chain adopts thanks to the formation of hydrogen bonds.
The three-dimensional structure makes them even more stable in the environment and capable of properly accomplishing their biological role.
When proteins are composed of more than one polypeptide subunit, they arrange in a fourth structure, named quaternary structure.
The hydrophilic R-groups remain in the center of the molecule, facing the protein interior, and avoiding interaction with water.
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what is the study of hereditary called?
Answer:
GeneticsExplanation:
Genetics is the study of heredity in generalHOPE IT HELPS!Why is ammonification an important process?
a) Bacteria converts ammonia into nitrites and nitrates that plants can use
b) Fungi convert nitrogen in dead plants into ammonium, which converts proteins into ammonia
c) Nitrogen is converted into a usable form through lightning fixation
d) Plant enzymes reduce nitrogen compounds into amino acids
Answer:
c
Explanation:
po ang tamang sagon po
Which organism are part of every foodchain
Producers, also known as autotrophs, make their own food. They make up the first level of every food chain. Autotrophs are usually plants or one-celled organisms. Nearly all autotrophs use a process called photosynthesis to create “food” (a nutrient called glucose) from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
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How can scientists use half-life to help date new rocks and fossils that are found?
Answer:
radioactive isotopes of elements decay
Explanation:
As radioactive isotopes of elements decay, they lose their radioactivity and become a brand new element known as a daughter isotope. ... The half-lives of several radioactive isotopes are known and are used often to figure out the age of newly found fossils.
What did Allan Savory notice about the lands grazed by wild animals at the Africa Centre for Holistic Management
Answer:
Allan Savory noticed that grasslands co-evolved with large numbers of migrating ruminants, and therefore are co-dependent on each other's survival. These animals grouped together and constantly bunched due to the predator-prey connection, eat the grasses following the seasons throughout their migration in arid regions (Brittleness scale, of Non-Brittle to Brittle environments).
As they move, they drop nutrient-rich dung and urine, while trampling organic litter (live or dead grasses, leaves, etc) and seeds into the soil. These actions break down materials into the surface, providing more covered soil and keeping materials from chemically decomposing (oxidation, as opposed to the fast biological decomposition that occurs in areas with consistent rainfall(Non-Brittle)). The true testament to his insights of Holistic Management re: grasslands is known as the 4th Key Insight: That time, rather than numbers governs over-grazing or over-trampling.
The important component here is that the time exposed to these animals plays the significant role in whether you have healthy grasslands, not the number of animals exposed to the area of consideration. The amount of "rest" (time) for grasses between eating or trampling is just as crucial as the time in an exposure.
Explanation:
Explained in his book and courses under "Holistic Management", by Allan Savory and Jody Butterfield, and Sam Bingham
Which of the following is the female gamete?
Answer:
a. Ovum is correct
Explanation:
approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of repetitive dna or transposable elements?
Answer:
45%
Explanation:
Special proteins that bind to enzymes during the cell cycle are called
a.CDK
b.Growth promoting factor
c.Cyclin
d.checkpoint
Answer:
cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), are
Explanation:
I'm sorry if I'm wrong! :{
during which part of the cell cycle does dna replication occur?
I need help pleaseeeeeeee
Answer:
1. co2 and sunlight
2. glucose and oxygen
3. palisade
4.site
5. xylem and phlegm
6. stomata
7. guard cells
PLEASE HELP ASAP (30 POINTS)
A sound with more vibrations per second sounds higher than a sound with fewer vibrations per second.
Question 8 options:
True
False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Given that breaking bonds requires energy and forming bonds releases energy, explain how we know that cellular respiration releases energy overall?
Cellular respiration releases energy because the bonds in carbohydrates are broken during the reaction.
During cellular respiration, carbohydrates are broken down in a series of reactions, and the energy in the bonds is released as ATP, the energy currency of cells.
The reaction is in 3 steps:
GlycolysisKreb's cycleElectron transport chainThe summary of the reactions is represented by the equation below:
[tex]C_6H_1_2O_6 + 6O_2 ---> 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP[/tex]
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Do Grocery stores sell toothpaste cost?
Answer:
Yes they do sell toothpaste in grocery store because toothpaste is a essential thing we use in our daily life. The cost may vary from shop to shop. So we can not tell the cost of the toothpaste accurately.
Explanation:
Answer:
english please that made no sense but yes i do believe that stores sell toothpaste
Explanation:
the body system responsible for filtering wastes from the blood is the:
Answer:
urinary system
Explanation:
urinary system is responsible for filtering blood ,wastes and excessive water