Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following except e) decreased thermal death time.
Thermal death time can be described as the time that it takes for a cell or microorganism to die when continuous heat is given to a cell. Hence, thermal death time will not be increased or decreased due to heat. The time taken for death will remain the same.
However, with the denaturation of the cell enzymes, damage to nucleic acid will occur due to the application of heat to living cells.
The membrane permeability will be affected by the application of heat and also hydrogen bonds will be broken with the application of heat.
The question will correctly be written as:
Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following except group of answer choices
a) damage to nucleic acids.
b) denaturation of enzymes.
c)alteration of membrane permeability.
d) breaking of hydrogen bonds.
e) decreased thermal death time.
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Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would produce changes in the bone similar to those associated with _______
PTH may have anabolic effects in trabecular bone, whereas it stimulates bone resorption in cortical bone.
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients frequently experience vertebral fractures, and they appear to do so at greater BMD values than individuals with osteoporosis.Weaker bones as a result of greater calcium loss from them Increased bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption are two mechanisms by which hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises serum calcium levels. The bones become weaker as a result of parathyroid hypersecretion.One or more of your parathyroid glands may become overactive and secrete an excessive amount of parathyroid hormone if you have hyperparathyroidism (PTH). This results in hypercalcemia, a condition where your blood calcium levels increase. A nonprofit academic medical center, Cleveland Clinic.
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The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ________ nervous system.
The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ____peripheral____ nervous system.
What is nervous system?The nervous system receives stimuli, determines their meaning, transmits nerve impulses to active organs, and consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs. It is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its behavior and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body.
Two main parts of nervous system are:
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and reach all parts of the body.To know more about nervous system visit:
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With the modern understanding of chromosomes, alleles, and the process of gamete formation, what is the physical basis for the law of independent assortment?.
The basis of the law of Independent Assortment developed by Mendel is that alleles on non-homologous chromosomes separate randomly into gametes during meiosis.
Mendel's 2nd law is known as the law of independent assortment. Mendel's 2nd law states that "if individuals differ from one another in two or more pairs of traits, a pair of traits will be inherited independently of another pair of traits."
Mendel performed dihybrid crosses or crosses with two different traits to prove this law.
Example:
Crossing a pea plant with round yellow seeds with a pea plant with wrinkled green seeds will produce 100% F1 offspring with round yellow seeds. From this experience, it was concluded that yellow is dominant over wrinkles and green.F1 crossed with each other to produce plants with round yellow seeds, round green, wrinkled yellow, and wrinkled green with a ratio of 9:3:3:1.The same experiment with other different properties and F2 still shows a ratio of 9:3:3:1.Learn more about Mendel's 2nd law here https://brainly.com/question/25710344
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If a is dominant to a and b is dominant to b, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the cross aabb × aabb?.
A dihybrid heterozygous cross will always have a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio for autosomal characteristics. Nine offspring will exhibit both dominating characteristics.
What does phenotypic mean?
An observable characteristic is simply referred to as a "phenotype." Pheno, which has the same root as the term "phenomenon," simply means "observe." It can therefore refer to anything ranging from a common attribute, like size or hair color, to the absence or presence of a disease. It is also a detectable type of an organism.
How is phenotypic determination made?In order to calculate a phenotypic ratio, we look at alleles that are similar to the chosen parents and anticipate how often the offspring would manifest those genes. Most of the time, you are aware of how the alleles express themselves and look.
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decussation results in the right side of the brain interpreting sensory information from the left side of the body. true or false
True ,decussation results in the right side of the brain interpreting sensory information from the left side of the body.
Decussation means that a lesion interrupting the fibers above the crossing will have an effect on the side of the body . Decussation refers to the point at which the fibers cross the midline.
Sensory decussation is a decussation or crossover of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus, which are responsible for fine touch, vibration, and two-point discrimination of the body. Pyramidal decussation occurs in the lower medulla. The lower limit of the pyramids occurs when the fibers cross or decussate.
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Which of the following examples includes only chemical changes that occur in the digestive process?
Question 11 options:
Absorption of nutrients by villi in the small intestines
Recycling of water from dissolved food back into the body
Reaction of saliva, stomach acid, bile, and pancreatic juices with food
Chewing and swallowing food
Answer:
Absorption of nutrients by villi in the small intestines
Reaction of saliva, stomach acid,bile and pancreatic juices with food
according to piaget, when children understand that the amount of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape they enter____stage.
In the concrete operational stage, according to Piaget, children learn that despite changes in a substance's shape, its volume remains constant.
What takes place in Piaget's preoperational stage?the stage before operations (2–7 years) Children continue to develop abstract thought processes and build on object permanence during this stage. They are thus capable of thinking about things that are not physically present, such as past events.
What would be an illustration of the formal operational stage?A child who needs to draw something or use objects is still in the concrete operational stage, as opposed to a child who can reason out the solution in their head.
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During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ___________, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from _____________.
Answer:
La matriz
membrana mitocondrial
Explanation:
write any two different between fission and budding
Two differences between fission and budding include:
The method they are done The definition of both types of asexual reproductionWhat is fission and budding ?Fission involves the division of an entire organism into two or more new individuals, while budding involves the growth of a new individual from the parent organism.
Fission occurs through the division of the entire organism into two or more parts, which then grow into new individuals, while budding occurs through the outgrowth of a small portion of the parent organism.
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4. how are receptors and transport proteins similar 5. when a person becomes dehydrated due to loss of fluids and solutes saline solution is infused into the bloodstream by medical personnel why is the saline solution used instead of pure water
Answer: 4. They are similar by their function, receptors act as the receiver and both the sender of information.
Protein channels are needed to transport substances because it accelerates the transport process. Very few substances enter or leave cells without being attached to a transport protein. Different types of substances require different types of proteins to transport them. Protein channels transport water or ions downwards and ATP-powered pumps transport molecules or ions upwards. ATP generates energy to transport the molecules upwards. 5. Pure water would be hypotonic relative to the contents of blood cells and could cause the cells to burst.
Explanation:
there is an immediate energetic advantage to muscle in using its own glycogen stores in glycolysis rather than glucose from the bloodstream. why?
Glycogen is broken down by phosphorolysis and this reduces the number of ATP molecules that must be invested in the hexoses stage of glycolysis.
What is Glycogen ?Glycogen is a stored form of glucose composed of many linked glucose molecules. Glucose is the primary source of energy in your body. It is derived from carbohydrates found in certain foods and fluids.Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that acts as an energy storage system in animals, fungi, and bacteria. The polysaccharide structure is the primary form of glucose storage in the body.Glycogen is one of two types of energy reserves, the other being triglyceride stores in adipose tissue, which are used for long-term storage. In humans, glycogen is primarily produced and stored in liver and skeletal muscle cells. Glycogen can account for 5-6% of the fresh weight of the liver, and an adult liver weighing 1.5 kg can store approximately 100-120 grammes of glycogen. Glycogen is found in low concentrations in skeletal muscle, and an adult weighing 70 kg stores approximately 400 grammes of glycogen.To learn more about Glycogen refer :
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The main function of the er is to transport proteins or other molecules, such as ________.
The main function of the ER is to transport proteins or other molecules, such as lipids.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure in the cell that performs numerous functions such as calcium storage, protein synthesis, and lipid metabolism. The ER's various functions are carried out by distinct domains, which include tubules, sheets, and the nuclear envelope.
In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum is the largest single structure. It is made up of a variety of interconnected shapes, such as sheets and tubules, and has a lumen enclosed by a membrane that is continuous with the membrane that surrounds the cell's nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum is a type of organelle that can be found in both eukaryotic animal and plant cells. It is frequently represented by two interconnected sub-compartments, rough ER and smooth ER. Both types are made up of membrane-enclosed, flattened tubes that are interconnected.
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What is the most important reason a cell would have translational control over the regulation of gene expression?.
At the translational level, protein synthesis can be turned on and off quickly to respond to the needs of the cell.
Transcriptional regulation is important to allow a cell or organism to respond to various intracellular and extracellular signals, define a cell's identity during development, maintain it throughout its life span, and coordinate cellular activities. biological process. Translational regulation of mRNA is a critical step in the regulation of gene expression.
In general, the efficiency of the translational apparatus can be affected, either positively or negatively, by altering the levels or activities of rate-limiting protein factors involved in the translation process. These controls are important for the regulation of many genes in human tissues. It also plays an important role in cellular physiology due to its involvement in disease states such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Quick help:
A cell enters anaphase before all of its chromosomes have attached to the spindle. This may indicate that the cell is not responding to
(1) internal regulators
(2) mitosis
(3) growth factors
(4) apoptosis
Answer:
(1) internal regularors
in homo erectus, adaptations appeared which improved the efficiency of bipedal locomotion over that of the australopithecine apes. one such improvement was a specialized endurance adaptation indicated by attachment markers on the foot and leg. this new adaptation, found in all modern humans, is the
Our lineage's evolving pelvic structure appears to be a result of alterations in locomotion, ecology, climate, and brain size.
Is Australopithecus the oldest known hominid?According to the fossil record, Australopithecus predates both Homo and contemporary humans. Bipedalism was formerly thought to be preceded by enormous brain size, but the finding of Australopithecus, which had a tiny brain yet acquired bipedalism, disproved this notion.
What about australopithecines was most noteworthy?What made Primitive organisms, one of the oldest hominids, so important? They could have stood straight and walked on two legs. The majority of people relied on hunting and gathering for their livelihoods throughout the Old Stone Age.
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Breaking the side bonds of the _____ makes it possible to change the natural wave pattern of the hair.
Breaking the side bonds of the cotex makes it possible to change the natural wave pattern of the hair.
Immediately below the cuticle layer, in the middle layer of such hair. Human hair has extraordinary strength as well as elasticity thanks to the cortex. The natural wave pattern of such hair can be altered by severing the side connections of the cortex.
These polypeptide chains are joined together by side bonds including disulfide, hydrogen, as well as salt bonds. The side connections that hold the hair strands in place give hair its elasticity and strength. A hydrogen bond seems to be a type of physical side connection that is easily destroyed by water or heat.
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Which of the choices is/are secretions produced by the pancreas? select all that apply.
a. bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid
b. lipase for fat digestion
c. trypsin for further protein digestion
Trypsin to further breakdown proteins Lipase is used to breakdown fat. gastric acid can be neutralised by bicarbonate ions. i.e., option (c).
Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions to neutralize belly pH. The pancreas secretes lipase and gastric amylase to interrupt down fat and carbohydrates respectively. The pancreas secretes trypsin in an inactive shape referred to as trypsinogen to interrupt down proteins however keep away from digesting itself. Trypsin is an enzyme that facilitates us digest protein. In the small intestine, trypsin breaks down proteins, persevering with the manner of digestion that started out withinside the belly. It can also be called a proteolytic enzyme, or proteinase.
Trypsin is produced via way of means of the pancreas in an inactive shape known as trypsinogen. Lipase is an enzyme the frame makes use of to interrupt down fat in meals so that they may be absorbed withinside the intestines. Lipase is produced withinside the pancreas, mouth, and belly. Lipase facilitates hold your triglycerides at a wholesome stage via way of means of breaking them down into smaller molecules, which the frame then makes use of for energy. Studies have proven that a few humans with digestive troubles may additionally advantage from supplemental lipase, specially in the event that they have issues with their pancreas.
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What best describes this mutation and its effect on the protein that the gene produces?
A. It is a missense mutation that changes exactly one amino acid.
OB. It is a nonsense mutation that has no effect on the protein.
OC. It is a frameshift mutation that changes many amino acids.
OD. It is a frameshift mutation that changes exactly one amino acid.
It is a missense mutation that changes exactly one amino acid. best describes this mutation and its effect on the protein that the gene produces.
A missense mutation is a DNA alteration that causes the protein produced to encode a different amino acid at a specific location. Some missense mutations change how the resulting protein functions.
A missense mutation is a change in the DNA that causes a different amino acid to be included in the protein's structure. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine are the four nucleotides that make up DNA's two strands on a molecular level (i.e., A, C, G, and T, respectively).
RNA polymerase, an enzyme, converts DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) before it can be translated into a protein.
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A lemur species called aye-ayes have very long, thin middle fingers that allow them to reach into holes in trees and dig out bugs to eat.
scenario with a natural selection element Sea turtle situation
What does "scenario" mean?A description of potential outcomes, or the plot of a play, movie, or other performance. The very worst scenario is worst possible circumstance: In the worst event, the entire shoreline would be submerged.
Describe scenario using an example.We might relocate to the city, for instance. It is most likely that he returns to school this fall. The ideal situation would be if we could complete the task by tomorrow. The worst-case scenario would require us to restart the project from scratch.
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an iodophor is a(n) an iodophor is a(n) form of formaldehyde. quaternary which of the following best describes the flow of information in cells? which of the following best describes the flow of information in cells? dna acts as a messenger. it binds to a ribosome and provides instructions for making protein. mrna is made by copying specific regions of dna called genes. ribosomes use mrna as instructions, which provide a code specifying the order of amino acids in a protein. dna is converted to rna, which is then converted to protein. ribosomes make proteins by randomly linking amino acids together.mmonium compound. phenol. agent that reduces oxygen. iodine mixed with a surfactant.
An iodophor is a(n) iodophor is a(n) shape of formaldehyde. quaternary which of the subsequent high-quality describes the go with the flow of records in cells iodine mixed with a surfactant.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is the most powerful surfactant and could be very powerful at stripping all oils, such as the herbal protective ones.An iodophor is a coaching containing iodine complexed with a solubilizing agent, which includes a surfactant or water-soluble polymer, for instance, povidone. The result is a water-soluble material that releases loose iodine while in solution.
Iodophor is an iodine-containing solution with a solubilizing agent which includes a surfactant or povidone. Iodophor is widely used within the brewing and dairy industries as a sanitizer. The iodine is usually complexed with an excessive molecular weight service usually a polymer (Palmer 1999).
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what is the importance of the four u nucleotides in the mrna transcript during the process of termination of transcription?
When U binds extremely weakly with A, the four u nucleotide in the mrna transcript play a crucial role in the termination of transcription because this causes the stopped RNA polymerase to separate from the DNA.
What do you mean when you say "nucleotides"?A phosphate as well as a nucleoside make up the chemical molecules known as nucleotides. They function are monomeric units of a deoxyribonucleic acid & ribonucleic acid polymers, which are both crucial macromolecules for all kinds of life on Earth. Nucleotides can be consumed in addition to being synthesized by liver from common nutrients. The nucleobase, a five-carbon sugars (ribose or deoxyribose), or a phosphate group made up of one to three phosphates are the three component molecules that make up a nucleotide. Guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine are the four nucleobases found in DNA; uracil is often used in place of thymine in RNA.
What are the 5 major nucleotides and why nucleotides are so important ?The initial letter of each of the five bases found in nucleotides—adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil—is frequently used to denote that base in a nucleotide. RNA contains the letters А, G, C, & T while DNA has the letters A, G, C, & U. Because nucleotides seem to be the basic building block of nucleic acids, which are the molecules that regulate all genetic features, they are crucial to living organisms.
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since the two strands of the dna molecule are complementary, for any given gene: select all that are correct.
A) Only one strand actually carries the codons for a particular gene.
B) If one strand is mutated, the cell can use the other strand to correct the change (assuming the cell can identify which of the complementary bases was recently modified).
Answer: A and B are Correct
Explanation:
A - The coding strand of DNA is used to match with the correct mRNA codons.
B - There are DNA repair mechanisms that utilize the complimentary strand such as Base Excision Repair and Nucleotide Excision Repair
Dna replication relies on the blank______ of dna strands according to the blank______ rule.
DNA replication relies on the complementarity of DNA strands according to the AT/GC rule.
According to Chargaff's rule, the amount of the nucleotide guanine is equal to the amount of the nucleotide cytosine in the DNA and the amount of the nucleotide adenine is equal to the amount of thymine.
DNA replication is the process by which the two strands of the DNA replicate. The replication process of a DNA strand is dependent on the complementarity of the strands. The amount of AT/GC depicts the DNA replication process.
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Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called.
Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called dermal papillae.
It is made up of loose dense connective tissue in the papillary portion of the dermis. Its finger-like extensions, known as papillae, which reach toward the epidermis as well as comprise terminal connections of blood capillaries, gave rise to its name.
Of the two epidermal layers, the papillary layer would be the thinnest. It is primarily made up of collagen fires that are loosely organized.
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explain eutrophication using Florida red tide as an example
The process of eutrophication involves the gradual enrichment of a body of water, or portions of it, with minerals and nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. The phrase "nutrient-induced increase in phytoplankton production" has also been used to describe it.
A process known as eutrophication is brought on by an excess of nutrients, typically nitrogen and phosphorus, in water. Algae thrive, spread, and colour the water green as a result of feeding on the nutrients. Algae blooms may have an unpleasant odour, restrict sunlight, and in some circumstances even produce poisons.
Red tide is a phenomena brought on by algal blooms, in which the number of algae increases to the point that they colour coastal waterways.
In Florida, eutrophication is a major problem. There are a number of issues brought on by this occurrence that you may have heard about in the news, including fish fatalities, blue-green algae blooms, and dead zones.
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The site within a chromosome where dna replication begins is known as the of replication.
At specific sites, referred to as origins, wherever DNA replication starts, the double helix of DNA unwinds.
What transpires when DNA replication occurs?Through process of DNA replication, the double DNA molecule is reproduced to produce two identical genetic molecules. Replication is a vital process because every when a cell divides, the two additional clones must share the very same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.
What part of the cell does DNA replication occur in?DNA replication occurs in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells and the nucleoid sections of prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus and organelles that are bound to membranes, include animal and plant cells. Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA in their nuclei.
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7. Which one of the following would be considered a vestigial structure?
(a) remnants of the tailbone in humans (b) a bird beak that is specialized to extract nectar
from flowers (c) the similarity in structure of bones in two different organisms
(d) the similarity in function between a bird wing and a butterfly wing.
Answer:
The answer would be (a) Remnants of the tailbone in humans.
Explanation:
Vestigial structures are cells, tissues, and/or organs that have no apparent function.
g which one of the following bacteria does not belong with the others? a) bordetella b) burkholderia c) neisseria d) acidithiobacillus e) salmonella
Salmonella is the most different out of the bacteria listed. So, option E is the correct answer.
All listed options are gram-negative bacteria. All are known causes of deadly diseases. Bordetella is part of the family of small coccobacilli of the phylum Pseudomonadota. Burkholderia is a genus of Pseudomonadota which attacks humans. Neisseria is a large genus of bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. This bacteria is known to spread gonorrhea. Acidithiobacillus is of the Acidithiobacillia in the "Pseudomonadota".
Salmonellosis is found in the intestinal tracts of animals, including birds. Salmonella is usually spread from person to person through shared food, and water. It also spreads through feces.
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suppose the dna of a gene contains seven regions, a through g, in that order. regions a, b, e, and g are located in exons, while regions c, d, and f are located in introns. what is the order of the regions in the mature mrna transcribed from that sequence?
The order of sequence of motifs in mature mRNA transcribed will be A, B, E, and G.
The order of mature mRNA transcribed would be as found accordingly with the arrangement of coding regions or exons which are A, B, E &G as given. Introns, a non-coding segment, contain C, D, and F. These sections are transcribed into pre-mature mRNA, but they are eliminated during the RNA splicing process to create mature mRNA, which only contains coding regions.
Introns are cut out during RNA splicing, which also cuts off intron motifs and joins exons so that C, D, and F are not transcribed since they are spliced due to non-coding segments. The section of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein are known as the coding region of a gene (CDR), sometimes known as the coding sequence (CDS). The exons are the segments of coding. The intronic sequences are non-coding sequences.
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Do some research on Thomas Edison Automatic Telegraph.
Thomas Edison's Automatic Telegraph has indents that record message which could be transmitted without needing an operator to several stations.
Did Thomas Edison invent the automatic telegraph?Thomas Edison takes operating a telegraph machine. While Samuel Morse's invention of the telegraph in the 1830s and 1840s make it possible for the first time to interface over long distances, the device had its drawbacks. Edison worked on automatic telegraphs linking 1870 and 1874. He first developed an upgrade perforator with a keyboard similar to that of a typewriter that operated at about 35 words per minute. Edison's inquiry into the telephone and the telegraph led to his invention of the phonograph in 1877.
So we can conclude that The automatic telegraph, which recorded messages by means of a reaction caused by electrical transmissions.
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