90 mammal species become extinct in the period 1901-2000 than became extinct in the period 1801-1900.
Extinction is a situation in which something no longer exists. Their can be many reasons associated like species have been hunted to the point of extinction, scarcity of food or natural disasters.
Their are two main types of extinction firstly Mass extinction that has occurred only five times in history. The other is Background extinctions which occurs over longer period of time and are considered important in natural extinction rate.
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explain how fat-soluble vitamins contribute to the overall health of the body.
Answer:
Explanation:the fat soluble vitamins are A,K ,E,D are stored in the body for longer period of time they are stored in fatty tissue and in the liver
Vitamin A helps in bone growth, tooth development, reproduction, cell division and gene expression. The skin eyes nose mucous membranes also depend on vitamin a to remain moist
Vitamin D helps in the formation of bones ,plays role in the immunity and controlling cell growth and may protect against osteoporosis,high blood pressure,cancer etc
Vitamin E helps prevention of cancer and heart disease it is an antioxidant, lowers risk of mental diseases
Vitamin k plays an essential role in normal blood clotting, promoting bome health , and helping to produce proteins for blood bones and kidneys
What is the name given to the process by which a parent cell becomes two identical daughter cells?.
During mitosis, cells replicate all their contents, including chromosomes, and divide to form two identical daughter cells.
What is Mitosis?Mitosis is the process by which one cell divides into her two identical daughter cells (cell division).
During mitosis, the cell divides once to form two identical cells.The main purpose of mitosis is to grow and replace worn-out cells.Mistakes made during mitosis, if not corrected in time, can lead to DNA changes that can potentially lead to genetic diseases.Mitosis is divided into following phases:
InterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseTo know more about mitosis visit:
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Why are chromosome mutations potentially more serious than gene mutations?
why Gregor Mendel choose garden peas for his experiment? because garden pea has
A, short generation time
B, self pollination
C, contrasting traits
D, all
Answer: C: contrasting traits
Explanation:
Which one of the following does not play a role in translation?
tRNA
Anticodon
Amino acids
Ribosomes
DNA
DNA does not play a role in translation. The correct answer is the fifth option.
The translation is the process by which protein is synthesized. During this process, the mRNA first binds to the small unit of the ribosome.
After this, the tRNA will read the first code (start codon) in the mRNA and brings the first amino acid. These form the initiation complex.
As this complex moves along the mRNA, the tRNA read the codons in mRNA using its anticodon and brings the appropriate amino acids. These amino acids form peptide bonds between them.
Once the complex reaches the stop codon, the protein synthesis stops. Here, there is no direct involvement of DNA in the translation process.
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of an unknown protein are dissolved in enough solvent to make of solution. the osmotic pressure of this solution is measured to be at . calculate the molar mass of the protein. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The molar mass of the protein dissolved to form the solution will be: 13963.42 g/mol.
Molar mass is defined as mass of a substance in grams divided by the number of moles of the solute.
According to the question:
Mass of protein (w₂)= 100 g = 0.1g
Temperature (T) = 25°C = 298 K
R = 0.0821 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹
π= 13.33 mm of Hg = [tex]\frac{13.33}{760}[/tex] = 0.0175 atm
Volume of solution = 1o mL = 0.01L
Using the formula,
M₂ = (W₂RT) / (πV)
M₂ = (0.1×0.082×298) / (0.0175×0.01) = 13963.42 g/mol.
Therefore the molar mass of the protein is 13963.42 g/mol.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
100 mg of an unknown protein is dissolved in just enough water to make 10.0 mL of solution. the osmotic pressure of this solution is measured to be at 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
[R=0.0821 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ and 760 mm Hg= 1 atm]
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In the unlikely event that a trna has been charged with the wrong amino acid, what high-fidelity enzyme is likely to blame?.
Answer:
Boop
Explanation:
The answer you are looking for is Aminoacyl Synthetase
Since the Industrial Revolution, human consumption of fossil fuels have caused atmospheric concentrations of this greenhouse
gas to soar to levels far above any seen in at least 650,000 years, strongly suggesting to scientists that this gas is the driving
force behind recent global climate change.
Oxygen
O Nitrogen
O Carbon Monoxide
Ozone
O Carbon Dioxide
A woman with type ab blood and a man with type o blood have a child. Which type of blood could the child have?.
Children with these two conceivable pairings would have genotypes IAIO or IBIO, giving them blood groups A or B, respectively.
Can a child of blood types O and AB be born?An O parent and an AB parent will typically only have A or B children. A table with all possible blood type combinations for two parents and the potential blood types for their offspring has been provided at the conclusion of this response. It is highly uncommon for these rules to be broken.
Can an O blood type child be born to an A blood lady and an A blood man?A child born to two A blood types can have either an A or O blood type. two fathers can give birth to a child that is either B.
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Simple carbohydrates burn complex molecules, like proteins and lipids. A. faster than C. at the same rate as B. completely, compared to D. slower than
A population of fruit flies on an island lay their eggs in some rotting fruit. Some of the fruit is blown into the ocean by a storm and washes up on another island. The islands are too far apart for the flies to fly from one island to the other. What will most likely happen to these fruit flies after many generations?.
Fruit flies are observing logistic growth. Resources were initially limitless, and population growth was exponential. But when supplies ran out, the population grew close to its carrying limits.
What is the fruit fly's adaptation?In response to illnesses, the immunity of fruit flies changes in bacterial as well as genetic ways. A common parasite that makes its host infertile can affect fruit flies. Fruit flies with the parasite are prevented from losing their capacity to reproduce by the bacterium Spiroplasma.
Even though these unwanted visitors adore eating fruit and other sweet foods, the scent of decaying fruit is what draws them in the most. The flies have specific receptors on their olfactory neurons that allow them to detect acetic acid, a fruit fermentation.
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Sugar molecules can be transported across the cell’s plasma membrane with the help of which biomolecules?.
The two main kinds of membrane transport proteins are carrier proteins and channel proteins. The specific solute to be transported is bound by carrier proteins, which then go through a series of conformational changes to move the bound solute across the membrane.
The body is made up of protein, which may be found in almost every organ, tissue, and body part, including muscle, bone, skin, and hair. It contributes to the production of haemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical reactions. You are made up of at least 10,000 different proteins, which also keep you that way.
A vital component of the processes that give you energy and allow your blood to transport oxygen throughout your body is protein. Additionally, it aids in the production of antibodies that ward off diseases and infections and promotes the growth of new cells
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what was the result of merton's classic experiments that compared the tension development between a voluntary maximal contraction and an electrically induced maximal contraction?
Merton's classic experiments that compared the tension development between a voluntary maximal contraction and an electrically induced maximal contraction showed no difference.
What is the difference between Maximal voluntary contraction and electrically induced maximal contraction?The maximal force-generating capacity of a muscle or group of muscles in humans is called maximal voluntary contraction.
Maximum voluntary isometric contraction is an important method with high reliability and is used to measure and evaluate muscle strength.
Electrically induced maximal contraction are muscle contractions produced by the application of electrical current to activate peripheral motor nerves that innervate a targeted muscle. Contraction of muscles takes place when applied electrical current depolarizes the axonal membranes.
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what is the ratio of dominate to recessive phenotypes?
1:3
3:3
3:0
3:1
The ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes is 3:1.
what are dominant and recessive alleles?
Alleles are various variations of a gene. Depending on the features they are related with, alleles are classified as either dominant or recessive.
Dominant alleles are seen even if the individual only has one copy of the allele (also known as being heterozygous). Only individuals with two copies of a recessive allele experience its effects (also known as being homozygous).
Hence, the option is d. 3:1
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Endospores thrive in improperly processed canned or home processed foods because they are resistant to ____ and favor _____ conditions.
Endospores thrive in improperly processed canned or domestic processed foods because they are resistant to heat and want anaerobic situations.
Endospores have tough, outer coating composed of keratin (protein), which permits warmth and chemical resistance. Coccidioides are an idea to develop greatly in the soil after heavy rainfall after which disperse into the air maximum correctly for the duration of hot, dry conditions.
Endospore formation is commonly precipitated by way of a loss of vitamins; it's miles a stripped-down, dormant shape to which the bacterium can reduce itself. The endospore consists of the bacterium's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribosomes, and huge quantities of dipicolinic acid.
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The spinal cord and its attached spinal nerves are a pathway for ______ impulses.
The spinal cord and its attached spinal nerves are a pathway for sensory and motor impulses.
The spinal cord is a long bundle of nerves and cells that runs from the bottom of the brain to the bottom of the back. It transmits signals from the brain to the rest of the body. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in total, which are organized regionally by spinal region. There are eight cervical nerve pairs (C1-C8), twelve thoracic nerve pairs (T1-T12), five lumbar nerve pairs (L1-L5), five sacral nerve pairs (S1-S5), and one coccygeal nerve pair.
Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that communicate with the spinal cord directly in order to modulate motor and sensory information from the body's periphery. Each nerve is made up of nerve fibers called fila radicularia that extend from the spinal cord's posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) roots.
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What evidence have scientists discovered linking heredity to behavior, as described in this lesson?
The net impact of genetic and environmental influences on individual variations in any complex characteristic, including behavioral traits, is estimated using quantitative genetic approaches. To pinpoint the precise genes responsible for genetic impact, molecular genetics techniques are also employed.
Intellectual capacity, personality, and susceptibility for mental disease are just a few of the behavioral and psychological traits that each person's genes may affect. These traits can affect both parents and children within a family.
What about heredity?The genetic inheritance that our biological parents have left behind is referred to as heredity. That's why we resemble them. In further detail, it refers to the passing down of qualities from one generation to the following. These characteristics might be behavioral or physical, such as eye color, blood type, or an illness. Heredity is the culmination of all biological processes that pass certain traits from one generation to the next. A human being may receive the "brown-eye trait" from one of their parents, which is an example of an inherited feature. Genes regulate inherited features, and the whole collection of genes found in a given organism's genome is referred to as its genotype.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which makes up genes, contains instructions for how cells should function as well as the traits that distinguish each individual. Each of your biological parents contributes half of your DNA to you, and you could inherit a gene mutation from one or both of them.Sometimes, problems with the DNA cause changes in the genes (mutations). Which characteristics are handed on from one parent to the next is determined by this. Successful features are passed down more often and shift through time between species. An organism can adapt to a certain environment and boost its chances of survival by changing its features.Learn more about heredity here:
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Explain the importance of the basement membrane
Basement membrane are important as they serve as the surface where epithelial and endothelial cells can reside, they provide mechanical support to the cells, act as barrier to separate tissues and also protect during mechanical stress.
Basement membrane is the specialized form of ECM that is made up of thin layer of cells. It is also known by the name basal lamina. The membrane is important for the correct sculpting of the tissues into their correct size and shape.
Endothelial cells are the cells found in the inner lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and the heart. Their function is to mediate the transport and exchange of substances.
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Consider the table. Types of bacteriaformshapeassociated diseasecoccusxstrep throatbacillusrod shapedyspirillumspiralcholerawhich best describes x and y?x = spherical; y = e. Colix = comma shaped; y = whooping coughx = oval shaped; y = s. Aureusx = rod shaped; y = pneumonia.
The shape of the bacteria is spherical and it causes E.coli disease.
X= Spherical; Y = E.coli.
Bacteria are tiny, one-celled creatures. Nearly all areas of the world are home to bacteria, which are essential to its ecosystems. Some species can survive in environments with high pressure and temperatures. In fact, it's thought that there are more bacterial cells in the human body than there are human cells.
There are three categories of shapes that apply to bacteria. These are
1. Bacillus
2. Spirillum
3. Coccus
Coccus bacteria have a spherical form. Spirillum is reported to have a spiral shape, whereas Bacillus is said to have a rod-like shape.
The E. coli bacteria, which is a member of the bacillus division, is recognized to be the cause of E. coli disease.
The table is attached as an image to clarify the question.
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The remains or traces of past life forms or other direct evidence of past life are called.
Animals, vegetation, and other ancient organisms leave behind preserved remains called fossils.
How do fossils work?The preserved remnants of fauna and flora that were submerged in sediments like sand and mud beneath ancient seas, lakes, and rivers are known as fossils. Any preserved sign of life that's also typically older than 10,000 years is considered a fossil.
What are fossils known as?Fossils are the geologically altered remnants of a once-living organism and/or its activity. Body fossils—which depict the entire or a portion of the creature's body—and trace fossils—which show how the organism behaved.The preservation of many kinds of animals is made possible by the four basic types of fossils, each of which originated in a unique fashion.
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Which factors make sequencing by the sanger chain-termination method possible? select all that apply.
By using electrophoresis, duplex nucleic acid molecules can be divided into different sizes. It is impossible to extend a DNA strand whose 3' end ends in a dideoxynucleotide. A duplex molecule can be created when two sequences of single-stranded nucleic acids come together.
On several kinds of filter paper, single-stranded nucleic acid molecules can become immobilized. The Sanger Chain technique of sequencing is accomplished by adding new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a developing DNA strand.
Frederick Sanger created a technique for DNA sequencing in 1977 known as Sanger sequencing, often referred to as chain-termination sequencing. This technique relies on DNA polymerase amplifying the DNA fragment that will be sequenced and adding modified nucleotides, specifically dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs).
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how could the researcher examine the data already gathered to try to find the disease gene, assuming the exome sequence is accurate?
Usher syndrome is a rare genetic condition that is primarily characterized by deafness as a result of the impaired transmission of sensory input to the brain by the inner ear and auditory nerves, along with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which eventually results in retinal degeneration and progressive vision loss, eventually leading to legal blindness. Deafness caused by the sensorineural nerve may be progressive or minor. The visual impairment brought on by RP may start in childhood or later in adulthood, and it frequently manifests itself at first as trouble seeing at night or in dim light (night blindness).
(a) If the sequence is correct, the researcher looks for possible trans-heterozygosity cases in the data already collected to try to identify the diseased gene; in other words, they look at the genes to see if both alleles are mutant but in different ways.
(b) The possible pitfall of this approach is that, outside of the coding areas, it can be challenging to know what to look for throughout the entire genome.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is;
A researcher sequences the whole exome of a patient suffering from Usher syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive condition that is nonetheless the leading cause of simultaneous deafness and blindness. The exome sequence does not show homozygosity for any poly- morphisms different from the human RefSeq.
a) How could the researcher examine the data already gathered to try to find the disease gene, assuming the sequence is accurate?
b) If the attempt described in part (a) was unsuccessful, the researcher might contemplate sequencing the patient's whole genome. What are the potential pitfalls of this strategy?
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an animal has vertebrae and a cranium but no jaw would be which type of animal? answer correct fish hagfish you were sure and correct lamprey lancelet
A type of animal would be a lamprey, which lacks a jaw but has vertebrae and a cranium.
What is the flavor of lamprey?The taste of the smoked lamprey was quite similar to that of any smoked fish. "Surprisingly nice," the taster said. You might try marketing it without letting them know what they are consuming. It would improve things. I would not order this from a restaurant, but Flanagan's dishes were the best, Bennett said.
What about lampreys?In the Atlantic Ocean, parasitic fish called sea lampreys live. The sea lamprey has stayed substantially constant for more than 280 million years and has survived at least four major extinction events. Sea lampreys parasitize other fish by draining their blood and other bodily fluids.
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Which factors make sequencing by the sanger chain-termination method possible? select all that apply.
Option C and E are the factors that allow sequencing by the sanger chain-termination method: It is impossible to extend a DNA strand whose 3' end ends in a dideoxynucleotide, and New nucleotides are added only to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand, respectively.
The chain is made up of deoxynucleotides with hydroxyl groups at the 3′ position of the deoxyribose ring. DNA polymerase adds the next nucleotide by connecting the phosphate of the incoming nucleotide to the 3′-hydroxyl of the departing nucleotide. In the absence of the 3′-hydroxyl, a nucleotide chain breaks, and the chain cannot be repaired. Only the 3' end of a developing DNA strand receives additional nucleotides. This is due to the fact that the strand only lengthens from the chain's 5' to 3' end.
Chain termination sequencing requires deoxynucleotides, a single-stranded DNA template, DNA polymerase, and a primer, just like DNA replication. During in vitro sequencing procedures, these components are combined, and DNA polymerase makes numerous copies of the original template.
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Complete question is:
Which factors make sequencing by the sanger chain-termination method possible? select all that apply.
a. Complementary single-stranded nucleic acid sequences can come together to form a duplex molecule.
b. Single-stranded nucleic acid molecules can be immobilized on certain types of filter paper.
c. A DNA strand whose 3' end terminates in a dideoxynucleotide cannot be elongated.
d. Duplex nucleic acid molecules can be separated by size by means of electrophoresis.
e. New nucleotides are added only to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand.
Why can you not selectively epoxidize an alkene with mcpba in the presence of a ketone?.
It epoxidize alkene to epoxide and also oxidize ketone to ester.
Moreover, mCPBA (meta chloroperoxy benzoic acid) is an useful reagent for epoxide formation and ketone to ester formation. It epoxidize alkene to epoxide and also oxidize ketone to ester, So we can't selectively epoxidize an alkene if both alkene and ketones are present.
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Carter decides to research the relationship between the length in inches and the weight of a certain species of catfish. He measures the length and weight of a number of specimens he catches, then throws back into the water. After plotting all his data, he draws a line of best fit. Based on the line of best fit, what would you predict to be the length of a catfish that weighed 60 pounds?.
The length of this catfish can be predicted to be 48 inches as per the line of best fit,
Weight of catfish (x) = 60 pounds.
From the data, we have the following linear equation:
[tex]y = \frac{1}{2} x + 18[/tex]
Substituting the value of x, we have:
[tex]y = (\frac{1}{2} X 60) + 18[/tex]
y = 30+18
y = 48 inches.
A line of best fit is a straight line that reduces the distance between it and some data. The line of best fit is used to represent a relationship in a scatter plot with numerous data points. Regression analysis produced it, and it serves as a tool for predicting indicators and price fluctuations. The eyeball method can be used to roughly build a line of best fit by drawing a straight line on a scatter plot with almost equal numbers of points above and below the line and the line passes through as many points as possible.
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Answer: the answer is actually 40 in.
Explanation:
cellular respiration stores its produced energy as what form of chemical energy / as what molecule?
Cells store produced energy in the form of Adenosine triphosphate(ATP).
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate is a compound which consists of one adenosine molecule bonded with 3 phosphate groups. They are present in all living tissues.
Adenosine triphosphate is synthesized in the mitochondria. It is the primary source of energy for crucial biological activities like, muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and transmission of nerve impulse.
The real power of the ATP is the triphosphate tail which the cell taps into. The energy that is available is contained in the phosphate bonds. It is released when these bonds break or split up into molecules. This happens through hydrolysis (addition of a water molecule).
Therefore, the energy that is produced and stored in cells is called Adenosine triphosphate.
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Why are soft-bodied organisms less likely to leave a fossil trace than hard-bodied organisms?.
Soft-bodied organisms are less likely to leave a fossil trace than hard-bodied organisms because soft body parts are less likely to be preserved (compared to, for example, shells, bones, and teeth).
Fossils are the remains of a prehistoric animal or plant, that turned into rock over ten thousand to million years. Paleontology is the study of fossils.
Generally, there are several ways that an organism's remains can be fossilized: buried in sediment or preserved in ice, tar, or amber. The environment affects the formation of fossils as well. An environment that can break down dead organism easily (like a rainforest) prevent fossilization from happening.
Soft body parts are less likely to be preserved because they're generally more susceptible to decomposition. Hard body parts (such as bones, shells, or teeth) are harder to decompose and to destroy, thus more likely to be preserved.
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the _________ loses direct/indirect input when the right cerebellum is damaged.
When the right cerebellum is damaged, which cortical region loses input ( granule cells and deep cerebellar nuclei).
The cerebellum can be found just below your cerebrum and behind the upper portion of your brain stem. The cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements.
Divided into different parts called lobes, lobes are separated by fissures.
The 2 major component of cerebellum is – cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei.
the damage to cortical region affects the -
• Cognition
• Sensation
• Movement
• Behavior
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: cell culture methods provide a useful approach to study animal virus growth in a closed system. this approach is not without some limitations. which of the following represents an obstacle for the propagation of animal virus strains in cell culture over time? choose one: a. the number of animal viruses in a sample cannot be quantified effectively in cell culture. b. the multiplicity of infection in tissue culture will not be physiologically similar to whole animal models. c. animal viruses will immediately lyse the cells in culture due to the absence of an immune response. d. animal virus strains can evolve to grow well in tissue culture
Viruses cannot be cultivated in artificial culture media because they have no metabolic system of their own and must replicate entirely within their host cell.
Briefing:
Since viruses require a living host to proliferate, they are challenging to cultivate in a lab. This is due to the fact that they reproduce, or make copies of, their own RNA or DNA to produce numerous additional identical viruses by using all of the host cell's DNA replication processes. We are unable to develop them in a lab because of this.
Since viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that must replicate within a living cell in order to make more copies of themselves, cell culture is still essential to virology (i.e., to form progeny virions). Cell cultures are used to multiply both plant and animal cells.
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