The balanced equation of the reaction and the reaction types are given below as follows:
a. 2 Na₃N → 6 Na + N₂ Reaction Type: decomposition reaction
b. H₃PO₄ + 3 KOH → K₃PO₄ + 3 H₂O Reaction Type: Neutralization reaction
c. N₂ + 3 H₂ → 2 NH₃ Reaction Type: Synthesis
d. 2 H₂O₂ → O₂ + 2 H₂O Reaction Type: Decomposition
e. Zn+ 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂ Reaction Type: single displacement
f. 2 C₂H₆ + 7 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 6 H₂O Reaction Type: Combustion
g. CuCl₂ + H₂S → CuS + 2 HCl Reaction Type: Double displacement
h. 2 N₂ + 5 O2 → 2 N₂O₅ Reaction Type: Synthesis
What are chemical reactions?Chemical reactions are reactions that result in the formation of new substances as a result of chemical changes that occur in the substances undergoing the reaction.
In a chemical reaction, the substances that undergo chemical changes are called reactants while the new substances that are formed are called products.
A balanced equation of a chemical reaction is one in which the moles of atoms of reactants are equal to the moles of atoms of the products involved in the reaction.
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Is mass conserved when 40 g of sodium hydroxide undergoes a chemical change during an interaction with 36. 5 g of hydrogen chloride? use complete sentences to support your answer by explaining how this can be demonstrated.
Yes, mass is conserved when 40 g of sodium hydroxide undergoes a chemical change during an interaction with 36.5 g of hydrogen chloride
What is the law of conservation of mass?
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products for a low energy thermodynamic process.
It is believed that there are a few assumptions from classical mechanics which define mass conservation. Later the law of conservation of mass was modified with the help of quantum mechanics and special relativity that energy and mass are one conserved quantity. In 1789, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier discovered the law of conservation of mass.
Any chemical reaction must follow the law of conservation of mass. Meaning that mass cannot be created nor destroyed. Since all chemical reactions must follow this law, no matter what reaction happens, mass is conserved.
NaOh + HCL - NaCl +H2O
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Question 18 of 20
Which two options are forms of kinetic energy?
A. Sound energy
B. Chemical energy
C. Gravitational energy
D. Nuclear energy
E. Thermal energy
SUBMI
The two options are forms of kinetic energy are : the sound energy and the thermal energy.
The two forms of kinetic energy are : the sounds energy and the thermal energy. The kinetic energy is the type of energy that an object posses because of its motion. The five forms of the kinetic energy are : The mechanical energy , the electrical energy , the light energy , the thermal energy and the sound energy. so, the kinetic energy is the energy due to the motion of object.
Thus, The two options are forms of kinetic energy are : the sound energy and the thermal energy.
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2. two kinds of carbonyl acceptor structures in addition to benzoate ester can be used in reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide to afford triphenylmethanol. what are they? hint: each of the three reacts with a different number of equivalents of the grignard reagent.
Two kinds of carbonyl acceptor structures in addition to benzoate ester are dialkyl carbonate and benzophenone.
Grignard reaction is an organometallic organic chemical reaction in which alkyl, allyl, vinyl or aryl-magnesium halides who are called as Grignard reagent are added to the carbonyl group in aldehyde or ketone. This reaction is important for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. or basically they are mainly used for the formation of carbonyl compounds.
Triphenylmethanol can be synthesized by Grignard reaction using 3 different starting materials and also the different number of equivalents of Grignard reagent.
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In step #2 of the procedure, you weighed out and used 2 g of benzaldehyde instead of 1. 17 g.
The calculated percentage yield will not change because in this reaction acetone is the limiting reactant and not benzaldehyde. Hence, the excess amount of benzaldehyde does not affect the yield.
What is percentage yield?The percentage yield of a reaction is the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. It determines how much of the reaction is completed.
In the reaction of benzaldehyde with acetone the yield of the precipitate dibenzalacetone is dependent on the acetone since it is the limiting reactant which determines the amount of product.
Therefore, the changed amount of benzaldehyde does not affected to the yield.
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Your question is incomplete. But your complete question was as follows:
In step #2 of the procedure, you weighed out and used 2 g of benzaldehyde instead of 1. 17 g .Would the calculated percentage yield of the precipitate (dibenzalacetone)
be too high
, too low, or
unaffected by the following?
what is the oxidation state of each element in febr3?
The potential charge an atom would have if every one of its links to other atoms were fully ionic is known as the oxidation state, also known as the oxidation number. It describes how much an atom in a chemical molecule has been oxidized. The oxidation state can theoretically be positive, negative, or zero.
FeBr3
Br will remain in its normal oxidation state, which is -1, because it is more electronegative than Fe.
Let Fe's oxidation state now be "x."
x + (3*-1) = 0
=> x = +3
Answers: Fe : +3 & Br : -1
The total number of electrons that have been removed from an element (creating a positive oxidation state) or added to an element (creating a negative oxidation state) to get it to its current state is the oxidation state of an atom.
One of these oxidation laws states that a free, neutral element has an oxidation number of zero. A monoatomic ion's charge is the same as its oxidation number. For Group IA elements, the oxidation number is always 1. For Group IIA elements, the oxidation number is always +2.
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why only the 2 flasks were inflated with gas (and the others did not)? what are the best conditions (explain each: best temperature, best amount of food, and best ph) that would yield the most amount of fermentation product? why did the litmus paper turn red in the experiment? what are the products of fermentation?
Fermentation can be defined as an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if oxygen is not available.
Explain the above process.
1.Sucrose in presence of yeast gives Ethanol + CO2
The evolution of CO2 is the reason of inflation, if sugar is not present in the any of the flask reaction doesn't occur and no inflation.
2.The optimum temperature range for yeast fermentation is 32-35 degree Celsius.
Optimum pH range is 4.0-8.5
Carbohydrates containing food are best for fermentation.
Products of fermentation are alcohol and CO2. Type of alcohol depends on the type of food used for fermentation.
3. Litmus paper turns red because the product is alcohol.
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Sharon reads two different articles about avocados. The first article, in a weight-loss magazine, claims that avocados
are unhealthy because they are high in fat. The second article, in an annual publication from a doctors' group,
that the fat in avocados is a type that IS good for the heart.
claims
To assess these claims, which question might Sharon ask?
O Which source do avocados come from?
O Where
are avocados soid?
O Is the source an authority on the subject?
• How much do avocados cost?
Is the source an authority on the subject? Option C.
Authorship is a concept that represents the authority an individual author has established on the web for a particular topic. Authors publishing on trusted sites build permissions and apply them when publishing on other platforms. A good example of a traditional system of power is a monarchy.
Most governments throughout history have ruled under this form of authority. In this form of rule, the subject accepts the nature of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of powerful groups and individuals. can be defined as Permissions that are important in determining a website's credibility. To determine who is responsible for the website who wrote the information etc.
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22. NaHCO, decomposes when exposed to heat:
2 NaHCO,(s)→ Na₂CO₂ (s) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(t) AH = 91.5 kJ
What mass of NaHCO, is decomposed by 256 kJ?
I
470 g of NaHCO3 is decomposed by 256kJ when exposed to heat.
How to find the mass of NaHCO3?
From the balanced equation,
2x84 g NaHCO3 absorbs 91.5 kJ
X g NaHCO3 absorbs 256 KJ
X= 2x84x 256/91.5
X= 470 g NaHCO3
Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a substance that, when heated, can decompose. Sodium bicarbonate begins to disintegrate into sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide at temperatures over 176 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius) (CO2).
The sodium bicarbonate will break down more quickly the hotter it is. The only product that will still be solid is sodium carbonate. At the warm temperature, both carbon dioxide and water are gaseous, therefore they will dissipate into the ambient air.
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A mixture of 15. 0 g of the anesthetic halothane (c2hbrclf3 197. 4 g/mol) and 22. 6 g of oxygen gas has a total pressure of 862 torr. What are the partial pressures of each gas?.
The partial pressure of C₂HBrClF₃ and O₂ are 84 torr and 778 torr respectively.
Given,
Mass of C₂HBrClF₃ = 15.0 g
Mass of O₂ = 22.6 g
Molar mass of C₂HBrClF₃ = 197.4 g/mole
Molar mass of O₂ = 32 g/mole
Raoult's Law:
Psolution = ΧsolventP0solvent
Psolution = vapour pressure of the solution
Χsolvent = mole fraction of the solvent
P0solvent = vapour pressure of the pure solvent
What is Raoult's Law?
According to Raoult's law, a solvent's partial vapour pressure in a solution (or mixture) is equal to or identical to the pure solvent's vapour pressure multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.
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The charge on the positive ion becomes the __________
of the negative ion.
The charge on the negative ion becomes the subscript of the
_______ ion.
why was ice used to cool the distillate in the e1 experiment? the distillate is volatile the distillate contains acid mixtures of immiscible compounds have a lower boiling point
Ice water used to cool the distillate in the E1 experiment because the distillate is volatile in nature and present in vapour form.
What is Distillation?Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
What is an E1 experiment in Chemistry?Unsaturated compounds are produced during elimination processes. An alkene is created during the removal of alcohol. Alkyl halides also go through elimination processes. We will do an acid-catalyzed elimination using a secondary alcohol that is second order (E1), meaning that the rate of reaction depends on how quickly the intermediate carbocation may be produced.
Why to use ice water in E1 experiment?Ice water helps in condensing or cooling down the vapours coming to the condensing tube (i.e. distillate).
Because the resulting alkene has a low boiling point, the receiver flask is put in an ice water bath to keep it cool throughout the reaction and distillation.
Hence, Ice water used to cool the distillate in the E1 experiment because the distillate is volatile in nature and present in vapour form.
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How did the gummy bear’s “skin” act as a selectively permeable membrane?
Any material such as in this case the gummy bear’s “skin” acts as a selectively permeable membrane if it allows the passage of certain substances from both sides of the barrier.
What is a selectively permeable membrane?A selectively permeable membrane is any barrier that allows the movement of substances to both sides in regard to concentration gradients or the presence of certain structures such as channel proteins in the case of the cell membrane.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a selectively permeable membrane such as the cell membrane allows the movement of substances between both sides of the barrier in a selective way.
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determine how each property of water changes upon addition of a nonvolatile solute.
Simply put, a nonvolatile solute is something that does not readily vaporize. Additionally, it does not raise the solution's vapor pressure when dissolved in a solvent.
boiling level —————-> grows with a soluble
Volatile pressure —————-> Reduces with a soluble
freezing level ———————-> Reduces with a soluble
vanthoff factor is the basis for the largest variance. As the quantity of ions rises, the divergence also does.
LiCl ———-> two ions,
NaF ———-> ions,
CH3OH, 2 —————> zero ions
MgCl2 —————> 3 ions
Thus, MgCl2 has the largest variance.
Low vapour pressure and a high boiling point are characteristics of non-volatile substances. Non-volatile solutes include, for example, salt and sugar. Alcohol, mercury, and gasoline are examples of volatile substances.
Non-volatile materials: Non-volatile materials are those that do not quickly evaporate. At the typical room pressure and temperature, they don't have a greater vapor pressure. At room temperature, nonvolatile substances will mostly exist as solids. Nonvolatile substances include silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
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what are the major products obtained upon treatment of methyl phenyl ether with excess hbr? multiple choice phenol and bromomethane correct phenol and methanol bromobenzene and bromomethane bromobenzene and methanol
Phenol and bromomethane are the major products obtained upon treatment of methyl phenyl ether with excess HBr.
What do you mean by Phenol and Bromomethane?
Phenols are a class of chemical compounds which consist of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, C6H5OH. Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge discovered Phenol in the year 1834. It was extracted from coal tar.
Bromomethane, commonly known as methyl bromide, is an organobromine compound with formula CH3Br. It is a colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas which is produced both industrially and biologically. It consist of a a tetrahedral shape and is recognized as a ozone-depleting chemical.
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What do you call the outermost electrons that are free to move between atoms in metals?a. cloud of electrons b. electro positivity c. sea of electrons d. electron configuration â
Answer:
Valence Electron
Explanation:
Valence electron
The outermost electrons that are free to move between atoms in metals is called as Electro positivity.
What do you mean by electropositivity?
"Electropositivity is the propensity of an atom to donate electrons and generate positively charged cations," says the definition. The majority of metallic elements, especially the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals, exhibit electropositivity.
It's crucial to remember that electropositivity is the reverse of electronegativity, which gauges an atom's propensity to pick up electrons and produce negatively charged anions. In light of this, very electropositive elements have very low electronegativities, and highly electronegative elements have very low electropositivity.Electronegative elements often have a low propensity to lose electrons to create cations, while electropositive elements typically have a low propensity to gain electrons to form anionsElectronegative and electropositive components frequently combine to generate ionic salts.Example: A strongly electropositive element like sodium, for instance, rapidly gives up an electron to achieve a stable electronic state. Contrarily, chlorine is a very electronegative element that rapidly receives an electron to form a stable octet. In order to produce sodium chloride, sodium and chlorine can thus create an ionic connection (an ionic salt with the chemical formula NaCl).
Hence, the outermost electrons that are free to move between atoms in metals are termed Electro positivity.
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Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. With which group of elements is magnesium most reactive?.
Magnesium is most reactive with noble gases.
Alkaline earth metal found in group 2 of the periodic table.All the elements of group 2 have beryllium,magnesium, and calcium strontium,barium.these all have 2 valence electrons each in their atom.this all can lose their 2 valence electron easily to form positive ions. These are divalent and ionic in their chemical reaction.metals gets oxidised by losing their valence electrons.the chemical reactivity of a metal is equivalent to their lose of electrons.strontium is group 2 element that does not occur as a free element due to its extreme reactivity with oxygen and water.noble gases have full valence shell electrons.so,magnesium is most reactive with noble gases.
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1. identify the carbon and nitrogen sources for enterobacter in the citrate test. name six end products that result from the citrate test. identify the ph of the final product and describe how it happens. describe the appearance of a positive test result.
Simmons citrate agar includes other nutrients, the pH indicator bromthymol blue, sodium citrate as the only source of carbon, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the only source of nitrogen. This test, which is a component of the IMViC assays, is useful for identifying various Enterobacteriaceae.
What are the sources of Carbon and nitrogen ?The primary source of nitrogen in atmospheric deposition is the combustion of fossil fuels like coal and oil. Nitrogen may be deposited in the atmosphere as dry particulates, gases, and droplets or as a wet form such as rain, snow, hail, fog, and freezing rain.
For life, the elements carbon and nitrogen are crucial. All living organisms depend on them for the molecular building blocks of their cells and tissues.
What are Enterobacter ?A widespread genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family is called Enterobacter. It belongs to the type genus of the Enterobacterales order.
Animal intestines serve as the organisms' primary natural habitat, hence the name Enterobacter (from the Greek enteron, which means "intestine"). Enterobacter are omnipresent in nature and are widely dispersed in sewage, water, and soil as a result of their presence in animal intestinal tracts.
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What happens to the energy as metal parts cool
Answer: it transfers out of the metal the heat stops and the energy is absorbed by other things
Explanation:
What is the most common form of kinetic energy that is released from chemical energy in chemical reactions?.
The most common form of kinetic energy that is released from chemical energy in chemical reactions is Thermal Energy.
What do you mean by Thermal energy in chemistry?
Thermal energy is also referred to as heat energy. It is produced when a rise in temperature which causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other. The energy that is generated due to the temperature of the heated substance is called thermal energy.
Examples of thermal energy include : Solar Energy. Solar radiation, Geothermal Energy ,Heat Energy From the Oceans and Fuel Cell Energy.
There are three types of thermal energy transfer
conductionradiation convection.Hence, the most common form of kinetic energy that is released from chemical energy in chemical reactions is Thermal Energy.
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In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 50.0 mL of 0.800 M calcium nitrate are added to 50.0 mL of 1.600 M sodium fluoride, and a precipitate forms. The initial temperature of both solutions is 20.00°C.
Assume the specific heat of the resulting solution is 4.18J/(g.°C) and the density is 1.00 g/mL.
Calculate the final temperature of the solution.
The final temperature of the solution based on the heat change is 21.1
°C.
What is the final temperature of the solution formed when 50.0 mL of 0.800 M calcium nitrate is added to 50.0 mL of 1.600 M sodium fluoride?The final temperature of the solution formed when 50.0 mL of 0.800 M calcium nitrate are added to 50.0 mL of 1.600 M sodium fluoride is calculated as follows:
moles of ion = volume in liters * concentrationmoles of Ca⁺ = 50 * 1/1000 * 0.8
moles of Ca⁺ = 0.04 moles
moles of F⁻ = 50 * 1/1000 * 1.6
moles of F⁻ = 0.08 moles
Equation of precipitation reaction:
Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2 F⁻ (aq) → CaF₂(s) ΔH° = -11.5 kJAmount of heat released by 0.04 moles of Ca²⁺ = -11.5 * 0.04
Amount of heat released by 0.04 moles of Ca²⁺ = 0.46 kJ or 460 kJ
Temperature change = Heat change / mass * specific heat capacitymass of solution = volume * density
mass of solution = 100 * 1 g/mL
mass of solution = 100 g
Temperature change = 460 / (100 * 4.18)
Temperature change = 1.1 °C
Final temperature = 20.00 + 1.100 °C
Final temperature = 21.1 °C
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Complete question:
When 50.0 mL of 0.400 M Ca(NO3)2 is added to 50.0 mL of 0.800 M NaF, CaF2 precipitates, as shown in the net ionic equation below. The initial temperature of both solutions is 30.00°C. Assuming that the reaction goes to completion and that the resulting solution has a mass of 100.00 g and a specific heat of 4.18 J/(g ∙ °C), calculate the final temperature of the solution.
Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2 F⁻ (aq) → CaF₂(s) ΔH° = -11.5 kJ
What is the ph of a buffer system prepared by dissolving 10. 70 grams of nh4cl and 35. 00 ml of 12 mol l-1 nh3 in enough water to make 1. 000 l of solution? kb = 1. 80 × 10-5 for nh3.
9.577 is the ph of a buffer system prepared by dissolving 10. 70 grams of nh4cl and 35. 00 ml of 12 mol l-1 nh3 in enough water to make 1. 000 l of solution.
Mass ,NH4Cl = 10.7 g
Volume ,NH3 = 35 mL = 0.035 L
Molarity NH3 = 12 M
no. moles of NH4Cl = mass/molar mass
Molar mass, NH3 = 53.49 g/mol
no. moles NH4Cl = 10.7/53.49
no. moles NH4Cl; n_acid = 0.2 mol
no. moles NH3 = Volume × molarity
no. moles of NH3 = 0.035 × 12
no. moles NH3; base = 0.42 mol
kb = 1.8 × 10^(-5)
Pkb = -log kb
Pkb = -log(1.8 × 10^(-5))
Pkb = 4.745
Pka = 14 - Pkb
Pka = 14 - 4.745
Pka = 9.255
PH = Pka + log(n_base/n_acid)
PH = 9.255 + log(0.42/0.2)
PH = 9.577
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a u.s. department of agriculture law on how much coloring or other additives can be in food is an example of law or regulation.
A U.S department of agriculture law on how much coloring or other additives can be in food is an example of administrative law or regulation.
The American system is a common law system that relies heavily on case law to give formal judgments. In our common law system, even where the law is concerned, the judicial outcome of previous litigation is of great importance to the court's decision on that previous matter. Farm bills and reauthorization of children's meals.
As detailed on the Farm Bill page the Omnibus Farm Bill is the cornerstone of US food policy and is approved by Congress every five years. Free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies, as well as adequate legal assistance, should not be denied to anyone on the basis of poverty. Regulations are regulations made by executive departments and agencies and categorized by subject matter in federal regulations.
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what is the major product(s) to be expected on application of the hydroboration/oxidation procedure of (z)-3-methyl-2-pentene?
Alcohols are produced via the two step hydroboration-oxidation process. In an Anti-Markovnikov process, the boron connects to the alkene bouble bond's least substituted carbon while the hydrogen (from BH3 or BHR2) attaches to the more substituted carbon.
What is Hydroboration ?A limiting reagent is one that is completely consumed during a reaction, hence restricting the product's yield. Compared to the limiting reagent, the other reactant(s) are present in excess. The amount of product that could be produced based on the molar ratios is known as the theoretical yield. The amount that was actually retrieved is divided by the theoretical yield to determine the percent yield. For this amount to be expressed as a percentage, multiply it by 100.
What is Oxidation procedure ?A chemical process called oxidation occurs. As a result of atoms or groups of atoms losing electrons, it is described as a process. The addition or loss of oxygen or hydrogen in a chemical species is another method to define oxidation. When these things happen, oxidation occurs.
When an atom, molecule, or ion loses one or more electrons during a chemical reaction, oxidation takes place. The chemical species' oxidation state increases while oxidation takes place. Oxygen is not always necessary for oxidation to occur. The phrase was initially used when oxygen produced an electron loss during a process.
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g in your own words, summarize the issue of ocean acidification: what is it and what's causing it?
Ocean acidification refers to a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period of time, caused primarily by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
Because of human-driven increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there is more CO2 dissolving into the ocean. The ocean's average pH is now around 8.1, which is basic (or alkaline), but as the sea continues to absorb more CO2, the pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic.
How does ocean acidification affect us?
Ocean acidification can modify the abundance and chemical composition of harmful algal blooms in such a way that shellfish toxicity increases and, therefore, human health are negatively affected.
How we can reduce ocean acidification?
The most effective way to limit ocean acidification is to act on climate change, implementing solutions to dramatically reduce the use of fossil fuels. If we dramatically cut our global warming emissions, and we limit future warming, we can significantly reduce the harm to marine ecosystems.
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What evidence is there that mass/weight is conserved during a chemical reaction? Explain your observation
using scientific reasoning. Be sure to include what happens to the atoms during the chemical reaction. (This question is about baking soda and vinegar mixed together in a dry bottle.)
Answer:
In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of each element involved must remain the same. This can be observed when baking soda and vinegar are mixed together in a dry bottle. The atoms of each element are rearranged to form new compounds, but the total number of atoms does not change.
2. note 1 in part 1 of the procedure warns against the use of acetone to rinse glassware for this experiment. why should acetone be avoided? briefly explain
Acetone is avoided because can harm the nervous system. Symptoms include headache nausea dizziness lightheadedness and confusion. Severe exposure may result in unconsciousness. Skin Contact May cause slight irritation.
Do not breathe vapors. Avoid contact with eyes skin and cloth. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use. The storage area should be cool, well-ventilated, and away from sources of ignition and heat. Breathing or swallowing large amounts of acetone in a short period of time can cause headaches confusion nausea increased heart rate changes in blood cell size and count and unconsciousness or coma.
Inhalation of acetone may irritate the nose throat lungs and eyes. Acetone occurs in humans as a byproduct of fat metabolism. Excessive accumulation of acetone to levels that the liver has difficulty breaking down results in severe acetone toxicity. Volumes of 10-20 liters have no serious effects. However, volumes over 50 L are considered toxic.
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consider the vaporization of liquid water to steam at a pressure of 1 atm. (a) is this process endothermic or exothermic? (b) in what temperature range is it a spontaneous process? (c) in what temperature range is it a nonspontaneous process? (d) at what temperature are the two phases in equilibrium?
The vaporization of liquid water to steam at a pressure of 1 atm is given. then a) endothermic; b) above 100 °C; c) below 100 °C ; d)100 °C.
What is vaporization?Phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor is called Vaporization. Types of vaporization are as : evaporation and boiling, in which evaporation is a surface phenomenon and boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
a)The vaporization of water requires addition of the heat of vaporization for the given mass of water and also the heat required to raise the water to the boiling point.
b)The boiling of water is a spontaneous process above the boiling point for water that is 100 °C.
c)It is a non-spontaneous process below the boiling point of water that we know is 100 °C.
d) The two phases are in equilibrium at 100 °C.
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What would life on Earth be like without the Sun?
The world would be dark without sunlight. Animals, vegetation, and people would not exist. Without other life, there wouldn't be any.
There won't be any light from the Moon. Only because sunlight reflects off of the Moon can we see it. The Moon would vanish as the sunlight that was illuminating it did. The numerous other celestial objects in the sky, such planets, that humans can only see because of the Sun's reflected light, would also fall under this category.
Earth would swiftly become much colder without the Sun's warmth. Fortunately, Earth's ability to retain heat means that humans wouldn't immediately freeze. But life would start getting much harder right away.
Although no one can foresee the future with certainty what will happen, scientists believe that within a week or so, the average worldwide surface temperature would fall below 0 degrees Fahrenheit. You've probably endured temperature like these before during the chilly winter months.
The issue is that the temperature would keep progressively dropping. The average surface temperature of the entire planet might fall much below -100° F in just one year! The world's sea's surface layers would have frozen over by then. Although the deep waters below would be kept liquid for hundreds of thousands of years by the frozen upper layers of the oceans, they would finally freeze as Earth headed toward a stable average global surface temperature of roughly -400° F. Any remaining humans would then be exposed to the severe cosmic radiation that comes from space because the atmosphere would likewise have frozen and dropped to Earth by that time.
All photosynthesis on Earth would cease if the Sun's rays were to disappear. All living things that depend on plants for food, including humans, will eventually perish along with all plants. While some resourceful people might be able to live without the Sun for a few days, weeks, or even years, it would eventually become impossible to sustain life on Earth.
Hence, There will be no life on earth because sun is the ultimate source.
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Calculate the theoretical yield for p-nitrobenzoic acid and p-nitrobenzyl alcohol from p-nitrobenzaldehyde. (Cannizzaro Reaction)
Mass of p-nitrobenzaldehyde used: 0.300g
Volume of 30% KOH: 3 mL
Moles of p-nitrobenzaldehyde is 0.001985mol.
What do you mean by Cannizzaro Reaction?
Cannizzaro reaction is a chemical reaction named after Stanislao Cannizzaro that involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to yield a carboxylic acid and a primary alcohol.
theoretical yield of p-nitrobenzoic acid
=0.001985 mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*1mol p-nitrobenzoic acid/2mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*167.12g/1mol
=0.166g
theoretical yield of p-nitrobenzyl alcohol
=0.001985mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*1mol p-nitrobenzyl alcohol/2mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*153.12g/1mol
=0.152g
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A teacher asks a student to design an investigation using the reaction of chlorine with potassium iodide to create iodine and potassium chloride. The student starts
with an aqueous solution of chloride of unknown molarity and dissolves two grams of potassium chloride into the solution to begin the reaction. The iodine falls out of
solution as a solid precipitate. The equation for this reaction is shown.
Cl₂ +2KI → 1₂+2KC1
Assuming the reaction completes, what measurement could the student use to determine the limiting reactant?
O
A the change in molarity after adding the Kl
с
the weight of l2 at the end of the reaction
the heat generated by adding the KI
D the time it takes the l2 precipitate to form
Measuring the change in molarity after adding the KI, the heat generated by adding the KI, or the time it takes the I2 precipitate to form would not provide information about the limiting reactant, as they are not directly related to the amount of iodine that can be formed.
What is Precipitation?
Precipitation is a chemical reaction that results in the formation of a solid product from a homogeneous solution. The solid product is called a precipitate and is formed when the dissolved ions or molecules in a solution react chemically with each other to form a compound that is insoluble in the solvent.
To determine the limiting reactant in the given reaction, the student could measure the weight of iodine (I2) precipitate that forms at the end of the reaction. This is because the limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed during the reaction, and in this case, the reactant that limits the amount of iodine that can be formed.
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