The Upper Mantle is the uppermost portion of the Earth's mantle. It is composed of relatively cool rocks such as peridotite and basalt. The temperature is typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius. It is mainly composed of minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and garnet. It is relatively rigid and is the main source of orogeny.
The Lower Mantle is the portion of the Earth's mantle located below the upper mantle. It is composed of hot, dense rocks such as eclogite and dunite. The temperature is typically between 1000 and 2000 degrees Celsius. It is mainly composed of minerals such as bridgmanite, ferropericlase, and magnesiowüstite. It is ductile and is the main source of convection, which drives plate tectonics.
Select the vertebrate taxon or taxa whose origin(s) involved duplication of Hox genes.
Select all that apply.
a) Gnathostomes
b) The genus Homo
c) Craniates
Gnathostomiases The vertebrate binomial nomenclature or taxa with origin(s) involves Hox gene duplication are known as craniate.
Why does gnathostomiasis occur?Several species species parasitic worms (nematodes) of the genus Gnathostoma are responsible for human gnathostomiasis. Although it has been identified in other parts of Asia, South and Central America and also some regions of Africa, the illness is most frequently discovered and diagnosed in Southeast Asia.
Gnathostomiasis is detected in what ways?Based on clinical signs, gnathostomiasis in humans can be diagnosed. And symptoms (intermittent dermal or cutaneous migrating swelling), a raised blood eosinophil level, and a pertinent exposure history (residing in or visiting areas where the disease is endemic; consuming raw or undercooked foods fish, frog, or chicken)
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In three to five sentences, describe the advantages and disadvantages using maps in modeling mitosis.
In biology, models can be viewed as representations, or perhaps events, of the structure and function of biomolecules. Cells have to do several things. First, cells must either replicate themselves or expand. In our human body, cells do both. It replicates when it breaks the skin and expands for the winter. However, some cells do not divide. But the cell also needs to decide whether to make identical copies or four half-copies. Half copies have sexual reproduction. And that's the choice between mitosis and meiosis.
The advantages and disadvantages of using these maps when modeling mitosis are:
They represented intermediate phases consisting of G1, S and G2 phases.
They also listed the stages involved in mitosis. this is also good
Other images also show mitosis, but lack potentially confusing titles or captions. The model should be able to represent the different activities that occur during mitosis. That is, the second model should contain markers that indicate the mitotic process.
The first models had to include pictorial representations for better understanding.
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What is the role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory tract?
The role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory tract is to block foreign particles from entering the nose.
The respiratory tract consists of the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs. The nasal cavity in the respiratory system has a function to continue the incoming air then leads to the throat.
In the nasal cavity there is a mucous membrane which is the receipt of the mucous membrane and cilia of the nose hair which is very fine. Mucus is made of mucin and water which forms a sticky gel whose role is to trap bacteria, viruses, dirt and dust from outside so it doesn't enter the nose. While the cilia play a role in filtering air through their fine hairs which will prevent dirt from entering the nose.
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A biologist is interested in studying the effect of growth-enhancing nutrients and different salinity (salt) levels in water on the growth of shrimps. The biologist has ordered a large shipment of young tiger shrimps from a supply house for use in the study. The experiment is to be conducted in a laboratory where 10 tiger shrimps are randomly placed into each of 12 similar tanks in a controlled environment. The biologist is planning to use 3 different growth-enhancing nutrients (A, B, and C) and two different salinity levels (low and high). List the treatments that the biologist plans to use in this experiment. Using the treatments listed in part (a), describe a completely randomized design that will allow the biologist to compare the shrimps' growth after 3 weeks. Give one statistical advantage to having only tiger shrimps in the experiment. Explain why this is an advantage. Give one statistical disadvantage to having only tiger shrimps in the experiment. Explain why this is a disadvantage.
a) The treatment groups are
1) Three different Growth-enhancing nutrients A, B and C
2) Salinity levels at two different levels low and high
b) Experimental units : Young tiger Shrimps
c) There are two independent variables
1) Salinity levels
2) Growth enhancing nutrients
d) Response variable : Growth of shrimps
A growth curve is a graphical depiction of a phenomenon's evolution through time. A growth curve might be a graphic that shows the rise in population of a country over time. The availability of nutrients and energy is one of the most important variables for growth.
Temperature, moisture, pH levels, and oxygen levels are the four key physical and chemical conditions regulating microbial growth. Microbial proliferation is influenced by intrinsic, extrinsic, and implicit dietary components, as well as diverse food processing processes. These variables influence microbial growth in food as well as the specific metabolic pathways that microbes utilise to create energy and metabolic byproducts.
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Which mutation caused Lucy immunodeficiency disease?
Hyper IgE syndrome, Job's syndrome is a rare condition with symptoms Lucy's had. A STAT3 gene mutation is the primary cause of the immunodeficiency, which affects approximately one person in a million.
In every tissue of the body, the STAT3 protein is active. It is necessary for life and plays a significant role in the growth and operation of many bodily systems. Signals for the maturation of immune system cells, particularly T cells and B cells, are transmitted by the STAT3 protein in the immune system. Additionally, the protein plays a part in cellular processes that support allergic reactions and is involved in the regulation of inflammation, one of the immune system's responses to infection or injury.
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PLEASE TYPE THE RESPONSE Charles Darwin proposed that evolution by natural selection was the basis for the differences that he saw in similar organisms as he traveled and collected specimens in South America and on the Galapagos Islands. A) Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin. (6 Marks) B) Each of the following relates to an aspect of evolution by natural selection. Explain TWO of the following. (8 Marks) (i) Convergent evolution and the similarities among species in a particular biome. (ii) Natural selection and the formation of insecticide-resistant insects or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (iii) Speciation and isolation. (iv) Natural selection and heterozygotes advantage.
According to the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin, organisms breed more young than they can withstand in their surroundings.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is known as natural selection. Animals with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will often generate more offspring than their contemporaries given the shortage of resources in nature, increasing the population frequency of such traits across successive generations. Those with more physical capacity to endure, develop into adults, and reproduce.
Darwin started to question if South American species had made it to the Galapagos and had since transformed as a result of climatic adaptation. This notion—that species could alter over time—ultimately inspired Darwin to develop his theory of evolution through natural selection.
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Which of the following general mechanisms appear to be involved in the formation of cancer cells?
A) Genomic instability, DNA repair failure, chromatin modifications.
B) Inversions, operon formation, methylation.
C) RNA failure, DNA phosphorylation, phosphorylation of adenyl cyclase.
D) Transdetermination, mutation, allosteric interactions.
E) Suppression, tabulation, projection.
Cancer is brought on by cells that divide out of control and invade surrounding tissues. Cancer is mostly brought on by DNA changes. The majority of DNA mutations that result in cancer occur in areas of DNA called genes.
What precisely does DNA mean?DNA, commonly referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material carried by humans and nearly everything else organisms. A person's DNA is present in almost all of their cells.
What does DNA do and what is it?DNA is the molecule of information. It provides the knowledge required to produce proteins, another type of substantial molecule. Each of your cells contains 46 substantial objects set of chromosomes that are distributed throughout these instructions. These chromosomes are made up of numerous smaller segments of DNA, called genes.
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What are the 3 main functions of meiosis?
Answer:
to produce gamate or reproductive cells.
to distinguish between male and female specie.
to produce tetrads having equal number of chromosomes
T or F? In the muscles of the limbs, the origin is usually the immobile muscle attachment
In the muscles of the limbs, the origin is usually the immobile muscle attachment. True
A skeletal muscle connects to bone (or other muscles or tissues) at two or more points. If the location is a bone that stays motionless during an activity, the connection is referred to as an origin. If the connection is on a bone that moves during the activity, it is referred to as an insertion.
Muscle tissue is classified into three categories in the muscular system: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. The term "structural" refers to the fact that the body has a distinct structure. Skeletal muscle is responsible for the movement of bones and other structures. To pump blood, cardiac muscle contracts.
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What processes are used in light-independent reactions (photosynthesis)? Please name all.
What processes are used in light-dependent reactions (photosynthesis)? Please name all.
Word Bank:
Processes: ATP Synthase, Calvin Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Photosystem I, Photosystem II
The light-independent reactions use stored chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions in order to fix carbondioxide gas and create a product that can be converted into glucose.
Define the process of photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is that kind of process in which green plants and organisms prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight to neutralize the reaction.
The process of photosynthesis takes place in two stages one stage is known as a light-dependent reaction while the other stage is known as a light-independent reaction.
ATP Synthase:
The ATP synthase is also known as a mitochondrial enzyme which is localized inside the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.
Calvin Cycle:
The process of the chemical reaction is performed by the plants for the reduction of carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.
Electron Transport Chain:
The electron transport chain is that chain in which a series of four protein complexes couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.
Photosystem 1:
In this system, the proteins are responsible for the precise arrangement of cofactors and determining redox properties of the electron transfer centers.
Photosystem 2:
First of all the photosystem 2 precise arrangement of cofactors and determine the redox properties of the electron transfer centers.
So we can conclude that the process of photosynthesis is in which the green plants and organisms prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight and oxygen.
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Can we run out of renewable resources? Explain.
Answer:
No
Explanation:
Some resources will practically never run out. These are known as renewable resources. Renewable resources also produce clean energy, meaning less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change.
Examples are Sun, Wind, and Water. We will always have sunlight and wind, right? So no, renewable resources CANNOT run out, hence the 'renewable' part. They come from sources that are not depleted when used. Others, like biomass, come from sources that can be replenished.
Hope this helps
What is a 1:2 1 genotypic ratio?
The 1:2:1 genotypic ration dictates the law of are is homozygous dominant, heterozygous dominant and homozygous recessive.
A 1:2:1 genotypic ratio is a ratio of alleles that is found in a monohybrid cross. A monohybrid cross is a type of genetic cross in which only one trait is being studied. In a 1:2:1 ratio, the first number represents the homozygous dominant genotype, the second number represents the heterozygous genotype, and the third number represents the homozygous recessive genotype. This ratio can be found by using the Punnett square method.
This generally represents the genetics, of the first generation of the monohybrid cross made between the pea plant showing dominant and recessive traits. Such that dominant parent was homozygous dominant and recessive parent was homozygous recessive.
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What are the possible offspring of purple flower and white flower?
The phenotypic ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered offspring will be 3:1. Hence 75% offsprings will be purple.
Genetics is the study of the genes, the genetic variation, and the heredity in the organisms. It is an important topic in biology because heredity is fundamental to organism evolution. In the nineteenth century, Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian monk working in Brno, was the first to do scientific study on genetics.
The study of genetics focuses on the effects of individual genes or groups of genes in health and disease. Understanding genetic variations and anomalies is critical for learning more about health promotion and disease prevention. In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable traits or attributes of an organism. The term refers to the anatomy, developmental processes, biochemical and physiological characteristics, behaviour, and behavioural results of an organism.
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What is the difference between getting energy from cellular respiration and getting energy from a log by burning it?
During cellular respiration, stored chemical energy is gradually released in a series of enzyme-assisted reactions. Burning a log releases the stored chemical energy rapidly as heat and light.
The energy produced by cellular respiration is in the form of chemical bond energy. The energy produced when a log of wood is burned is mainly heat or heat energy and some light energy.
The third phosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy bond. It is used to provide energy for metabolic reactions and perform tasks such as muscle contraction. Energy is the ability to execute work. It is electricity obtained from a physical or chemical source and used to provide heat or light or to do work. Forms of energy include chemical, thermal, mechanical, electrical and nuclear energy. Energy can be transformed from one mode to another.
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Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of
A) reproduction.
B) cellular structure.
C) metabolism.
D) growth.
E) responsiveness.
The act of recognizing changes with one's internal or external environment and responding to any of those changes is known as response time, sometimes known at responsiveness or irritability. It consists of sensing a stimulus and responding to it.
What is meant by "responsiveness"?The ability to respond positively or quickly to anything or anyone: They were praised for their capacity to adapt and meet local needs. She doesn't pay much attention to her surroundings.
Why is being responsive so important? It is what?Being responsive demonstrates your concern for others and your commitment to meeting their needs. This expands your network through creating relationships, cultivating trust, and fostering goodwill. If you're a business competing in a competitive market, responsiveness may enable you to stand out and strengthen your brand.
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Which neurologic disorder is characterized by a protein detaching from neurons causing the cortical nerve cell processes that become twisted and dilated
The correct option is C ; Alzheimer disease , Alzheimer's disease is a brain illness that gradually deteriorates memory and cognitive skills, as well as the ability to do fundamental tasks.
The majority of people get Alzheimer's disease symptoms later in life. Alzheimer's disease is thought to be caused by an accumulation of aberrant proteins in and around brain cells.
Amyloid is one of the proteins involved, and its deposits form plaques around brain cells. Tau is the other protein, and deposits of it within brain cells produce tangles.
The majority of Alzheimer's patients, particularly those with late-onset Alzheimer's, develop symptoms in their mid-60s or later. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease occurs when the illness manifests itself before the age of 65., though this is uncommon.
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Full Question
Which neurologic disorder is characterized by cortical nerve cell processes that have become twisted and dilated?
a. Dementia syndrome
b. Delirium
c. Alzheimer disease
d. Parkinson disease
1. According to the video on Energy Flow Through Ecosystems, energy flows from the sun to the __________, then to the primary __________, then to the secondary ___________, then to the ___________ consumer, and then to the apex ____________, and finally to the ___________.
2. Green plants are the only __________ that make their own food using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide through a process called _______________.
3. When the plant makes its food the carbon dioxide is changed from gas to _________ and the gas called __________is produced.
The second video which explains the food chains and food webs will help with the following exercises.
4. A food _______ shows feeding relationships between animals that are in more than one food chain.
Below are some feeding relationships between animals in a woodland:
· Worms, voles, and mice eat vegetation.
· Badgers eat worms, voles and mice.
· Shrews and badgers eat worms.
· Barn owls eat shrews, voles and mice.
5. The animals in a food web that are in the food chains above would be:____________________________________________________.
6. In a trophic __________ of a food web, the plants are in level ______ and the highest level is the ______.
7. Organisms that feed on plants and animals are called __________.
macroscopically visible growths or clusters of microorganisms on solid media are called __________.
The answer is:
Colonies
Explain the application of biology epecially the role of microbilogy and biotechnology for the growing public and global health need
A, in the development of effective diagnotic ,prevention and treatment meaure including production of novel drug and recombnant vaccine
B, in the production of nutritionally enriched genetically modified crop and animal to alloviate food inecurity which i a common dilemma particularly in underdeveloped countrie
Biotechnology is the application of biology to the creation of new things, processes, and creatures with the goal of enhancing society and human health.
A. Medical biotechnology is a subspecialty of medicine that conducts research on living cells and cell components before creating pharmacological and diagnostic products. These goods aid in both disease treatment and prevention. Modern diagnostic and preventative medical devices, such as diagnostic test kits, vaccinations, and radio-labeled biological treatments used for imaging and analysis, have been made possible by advances in biotechnology.
B. By improving crop quality and in some cases productivity, biotech crops can boost farming's profitability. Some of these crops can make work easier and increase farmer safety. As a result, farmers may focus more of their time on other lucrative activities and spend less time cultivating their crops.
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1.-5. Match the description to its anatomical term.
The system for gaseous exchange in the lungs
The system for maintaining a constant internal
environment in other tissues
The membranous sac that surrounds the heart
The wall that divides the heart into two cavities
Uppermost two chambers of the heart
a. Pericardium
b. Pulmonary circuit
c. Systemic circuit
d. Atria
e. Septum
a. Pericardiumb. Pulmonary circuitc. Systemic circuitd. Atriae. Septum
Suppose that most of the 25 ants on stumps stopped between 5 to 8 meters from the feeder and started nest-searching behavior, but one ant kept walking until it was 11 meters from the feeder.
How would this change the length of the whiskers in the box-and-whisker plot shown in Test 1?
The right whisker would have been longer and also the left whisker would be the same length.
The bottom and higher ends of where the ants paused to search are shown by the whiskers. The whisker on the right would be longer if one ant had walked 11 meters, showing a shift in the upper extreme.
To analyse a dataset's distribution, a box plot is employed. A box and two lines make up the box plot. We call the two lines "whiskers." The lowest number is shown at the end of the first line, and the highest number is shown at the end of the second line.
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To What Extent Are Calls for Greater Minority Representation in COVID Vaccine Research Ethically Justified
There are a lot of people out there who have ethical concerns about COVID Vaccines. However, based on opinion polls, it seems that many people also have security concerns. So, it seems that the COVID Vaccine in general is ethical. However, a small number of people who have ethical concerns about the vaccine will still refuse to get it.
Ethical considerations and coverage of COVID-19 payments are quite complicated thought. The public has varying degrees of confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine, possibly due to limited information regarding the type of vaccine, date of availability, and safety profile.
Entering 2021, COVID-19 has been a pandemic for more than a year. So far, most countries in the world have not succeeded in suppressing the spread of the disease. Efforts to make social disclosure have a negative impact on the economy and social welfare. An effective vaccine is the beacon of hope for the world. The COVID-19 vaccine is the first vaccine to be developed in a very short period. The pressure from the world to apply the vaccine is very high.
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How did Kai acquire NF1? How likely is it that the Rossis will have another child with NF1?
Neurofibromatosis type 1, commonly known as NF1, is a genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 3,000 people worldwide. It is an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the NF1 gene from a parent in order to develop the disorder.
Kai Rossi, a young boy from the United States, was diagnosed with NF1 in 2019. His parents, John and Sarah Rossi, were both carriers of the NF1 gene, although neither of them have the disorder. This means that each time they had a child, that child had a 50% chance of inheriting the NF1 gene from either of them. As luck would have it, Kai inherited the NF1 gene from his parents and developed the disorder.
The likelihood of the Rossis having another child with NF1 depends on whether or not they are still carriers of the gene. If they are, then the chance of their next child inheriting the NF1 gene is still 50%. However, if they have since had genetic testing and found out that they are no longer carriers, then the chance of their next child developing NF1 is significantly lower.
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The occurrence of transitional fossils supports the idea that (select all that apply)Group of answer choices extinct and living forms are related.these are ancestors of living species.change occurs in species over time.
The occurrence of transitional fossils supports the idea that - extinct and living forms are related, these are ancestors of living species, change occurs in species over time.
A transitional fossil is that fossilized remains of a life form which exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group which is living at present. The descendant group is sharply differentiated by gross anatomy and mode of living from the ancestral group.
These fossils show that taxonomic divisions are human made that have been superimposed on the continuum of variation. Because of the incompleteness and unavailability of the fossil record, there is usually no way to know exactly how close a transitional fossil is to the point of divergence if evolution of that particular species. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that transitional fossils are direct ancestors of more recent groups, though they are frequently used as models for such ancestors.
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Why is there white fluff in my sea monkey Tate
Are they all dead?
Answer:
If you notice white spots, almost like cotton balls, in the tank water, you should try to remove them as soon as possible. They are a type of bacteria that can kill your sea monkeys. Use a small spoon to get them out of the tank and dispose of them.
Answer: It depends..
Explanation:
The white fluff could either be bacteria like fungus OR it could be white algae. It also could be Debris from the sea monkey itself
which one of the following elements in the energy balance equation is under individual control?
ADH factors in the equation of energy balance are a person's personal control and do not count as an adverse effect of ephedra.
What connection exists between the amount of ADH and water reabsorption in the tubules?The kidneys are the target organ of ADH as it moves through the bloodstream. The renal tubules become more porous as a result. This implies that more water can exit the kidney tubule for selective reabsorption back into the circulation.
Does aldosterone make you more hypertensive?Your kidneys release (excrete) sodium through your urine as a result of aldosterone. Water retention results from an increase in salt in your bloodstream. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway is thus completed, increasing blood volume and blood pressure.
The whole query is:
Food-based energy intake.
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23. Disposable nonwoven drapes: a. Are impervious to fluid strikethrough b. May be a combination of fluid-resistant and absorbent layers c. Can be reprocessed
The correct option is B ; May be a combination of fluid-resistant and absorbent layers There are two kinds of surgical drapes: reusable and disposable.
Reusable drapes are comprised of a woven cloth that is washed and sterilized between treatments. Disposable drapes, on the other hand, are often constructed of non-woven material and are cremated after each operation.
McKesson Field Drape/Towel Non-Fenestrated is sterile and poly-lined, making it suitable for use in operating rooms. This critical medical supply item is used during surgical operations to drape over the body in order to separate the operating field. To prevent bacterial strike-through, the inner poly layer repels moisture.
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What is the relationship between natural selection and genetics?
Gene guns, other direct gene introduction techniques, or specially built bacterial trucks are all used in genetic engineering to insert genetic material, a process that does not happen naturally.
Natural sexual and asexual reproductive methods are used in conventional breeding, which primarily relies on selection. Through a procedure called genetic engineering, crops can be produced more quickly than through selective breeding by directly changing an organism's DNA.
Any selection procedure that results from an organism's capacity for environmental adaptation is referred to as natural selection. Contrarily, artificial selection refers to selective breeding that is mandated by an external agent, typically humans, in order to increase the frequency of desirable traits.
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Why do cloned calico cats look different?
Answer:
Even with the exact same genetic make-up, a calico cat’s coloration would be different than her twin’s because it’s random whether a cell codes for orange or black fur. The same goes for clones.
Explanation:
10. Phylogenetic relationships among genera of danaine but terflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as implied by morphology and DNA sequenc
The findings show that, under the right conditions, this little gene area can be a valuable source of information for phylogenetic inference.
In order to infer deeper level patterns of association among nymphalid subfamilies and tribes, a cladistic analysis was done on a 378 bp area of the wingless gene from 103 nymphalid species and three pierid outgroups. Despite the fact that the data are largely homoplastic, the most sparse cladograms frequently confirm well-known groups. For the diverse butterXy subfamily Satyrinae, we have derived the first relationship theory that has empirical validity. For the 165 Satyrinae taxa represented, we used 3090 base pairs of DNA from the nuclear genes EF1 and wingless as well as the mitochondrial gene COI.
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