Briefly describe the characteristics of the four main layers of Earth. Include temperatures.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Crust

The crust is the first layer of the earth. It is split up into two parts the continental crust, and the oceanic crust. The oceanic crust takes up 71% of the earths crust, and the other 29% of the crust is continental. The continental is made up of igneous rocks, and the oceanic crust is made up of sedimentary and basalt rocks. The continental crust is older than the oceanic crust, some of the rocks are 3.9 billion years old. The density average of the oceanic crust is 3g/cm. The average density of the continental earth is 2.7g/cm. The temperature of the crust is around 200-400 degrees celsius. The crust is about 60 km thick under a continent and 5 km thick under the ocean. The crust is constantly moving.  The crust doesn't even make up 1% of the earth!  The crust is the layer were tectonic plates can be found.

Mantle

The mantle is the second layer of the earth. It is split up into two different parts, the lithosphere (which is the top part) and the asthenosphere (which is the bottom part). The lithosphere is a dense rock made out of iron and nickel, the asthenosphere is a plastic like fluid. The temperature of the lithosphere is around 300 to 500 degrees celsius, and the asthenosphere is around 4500 degrees celsius. The mantle has the biggest volume of all the layers, the volume of it is 84% of the earth. It is 1,800 miles deep or 2,900 kilometers deep. In the mantle are convection currents which make the mantle move. The lower mantle heats up and rises and cools down then gets pushed down because it is heavier. Then I keeps going on like that. The mantle grows a meter a year.

Lithosphere

The lithosphere is the top layer of the mantle. The lithosphere includes having the crust in it. It is a cooler layer because it is farther from the inner core. The lithosphere is a dense rock made out of iron and nickel. The temperature of the lithosphere is 300-500 degrees celsius. Inside the lithosphere and asthenosphere are currents, called convection currents. They make the lithosphere and asthenosphere turn round and round. So because the lithosphere is denser it is being forced down closer to the core and then heats up then forces its way back up to the top because it is less dense.

Asthenosphere

The asthenosphere is the bottom layer of the mantle. It is a plastic like liquid made up of iron and nickel. The temperature of the asthenospere is 4500 degrees celsius. It is hotter than the lithosphere because it is closer to the inner core. Inside the asthenosphere and lithosphere are currents, they are called convection currents. So because the asthenosphere is less dense or lighter than the lithosphere is forces its way up to the top and foces the lithosphere down. It then cools down then gets forced back down by a hotter substance

Convection Currents

Convection Currents happen in the Mantle. They go through bot the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. They make them move round and round. Since the asthenosphere is hotter, that makes it lighter or less dense, so it forces its way to the top. Meanwhile it is forcing the lithosphere to go down and take it's place, So the asthenosphere that moved up and cooled down, and the lithosphere that got forced down is heating up and then when it gets hot ebough it will force its way to the top and the whole cycle will start again. But these convection currents effect the earth and the tectonic plates. Because when the plates, say...... overlap one gets pushed under the other, and it would get pushed don to the convection currents, and because it is a dense material it would be forced down and it would melt and make a new crust. In the photo below that diagram would acctually be going on inside of the earth at this very moment!

Outer core

The outer core is a liquid made up of iron and nickel. The temperature of the outer core is around 4400 degrees celsius. The depth of the outer core is 2, 890. This is one of the three layers that is putting pressure on the inner core. It is the second hottest layer, because it is the layer above the inner core, and it is the second farthest from the surface of the earth. Also it is said that the core is rotating faster than the rest of the earth but...... slower than previously believed! the outer core was discovered in 1936 by seismologist, Inge Lehmann.

Inner core

The Inner crust is the second thinnest layer. The inner core is hotter than the surface of the sun. The inner core is made out of iron and nickel. It is 5159 to 6378 km thick. The inner core is extremely hot and is the last layer. The inner core is 5505 degrees celsius. It is a solid because of all the pressure from the other layers putting there weight onto this layer. The inner core grows. The core was discovered in 1971..

Explanation:


Related Questions

About how far does the Swave travel through Earth in 13 minutes?

Answers

2,000 km , hope this helps <3

What is the value of X6?

Show the solution.

Answers

Answer : The value of [tex]x_6[/tex] is [tex]\sqrt{7}[/tex].

Explanation :

As we are given 6 right angled triangle in the given figure.

First we have to calculate the value of [tex]x_1[/tex].

Using Pythagoras theorem in triangle 1 :

[tex](Hypotenuse)^2=(Perpendicular)^2+(Base)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_1)^2=(1)^2+(1)^2[/tex]

[tex]x_1=\sqrt{(1)^2+(1)^2}[/tex]

[tex]x_1=\sqrt{2}[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the value of [tex]x_2[/tex].

Using Pythagoras theorem in triangle 2 :

[tex](Hypotenuse)^2=(Perpendicular)^2+(Base)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_2)^2=(1)^2+(X_1)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_2)^2=(1)^2+(\sqrt{2})^2[/tex]

[tex]x_2=\sqrt{(1)^2+(\sqrt{2})^2}[/tex]

[tex]x_2=\sqrt{3}[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the value of [tex]x_3[/tex].

Using Pythagoras theorem in triangle 3 :

[tex](Hypotenuse)^2=(Perpendicular)^2+(Base)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_3)^2=(1)^2+(X_2)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_3)^2=(1)^2+(\sqrt{3})^2[/tex]

[tex]x_3=\sqrt{(1)^2+(\sqrt{3})^2}[/tex]

[tex]x_3=\sqrt{4}[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the value of [tex]x_4[/tex].

Using Pythagoras theorem in triangle 4 :

[tex](Hypotenuse)^2=(Perpendicular)^2+(Base)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_4)^2=(1)^2+(X_3)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_4)^2=(1)^2+(\sqrt{4})^2[/tex]

[tex]x_4=\sqrt{(1)^2+(\sqrt{4})^2}[/tex]

[tex]x_4=\sqrt{5}[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the value of [tex]x_5[/tex].

Using Pythagoras theorem in triangle 5 :

[tex](Hypotenuse)^2=(Perpendicular)^2+(Base)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_5)^2=(1)^2+(X_4)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_5)^2=(1)^2+(\sqrt{5})^2[/tex]

[tex]x_5=\sqrt{(1)^2+(\sqrt{5})^2}[/tex]

[tex]x_5=\sqrt{6}[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the value of [tex]x_6[/tex].

Using Pythagoras theorem in triangle 6 :

[tex](Hypotenuse)^2=(Perpendicular)^2+(Base)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_6)^2=(1)^2+(X_5)^2[/tex]

[tex](x_6)^2=(1)^2+(\sqrt{6})^2[/tex]

[tex]x_6=\sqrt{(1)^2+(\sqrt{6})^2}[/tex]

[tex]x_6=\sqrt{7}[/tex]

Therefore, the value of [tex]x_6[/tex] is [tex]\sqrt{7}[/tex].

Many People Suffer from ______ as a result of the nuclear tests carried out in the Pacific in the 1940s and 1950s. Many people suffer from A. exotic diseases B. plankton overgrowth C. genetic abnormalities D. biodiversity​

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Many People Suffer from genetic abnormalities as a result of the nuclear tests carried out in the Pacific in the 1940s and 1950s. Thus, option C is correct.

What are nuclear tests?

An imaging examination called a nuclear stress test demonstrates how blood flows to a heart both at rest and when exercising. It employs a tracker, also known as a radioactive tracer, which is a minimal bit or radioactive substance.

They chose this region because it had a tiny area that would only be affected by irradiation to a limited minority of participants multitudes. Southern Utah was covered by the bomb test debris.

Also with the radioactivity, there were various abnormalities that were found with the help of the test that was done on the person who was present there. Therefore, option C is correct.

Learn more about nuclear tests, here:

https://brainly.com/question/4372006

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Define the following key term: fertility rate

Answers

Answer:

fertility rate is the ratio between the number of live births in a year and the whole female population of childbearing age (average number of women between 15 and 50 years of age over the year).

Explanation:

At a given age or an age bracket is the number of live children born to women of the age in question in the course of the year

i need help pls
thank you :)

Answers

Answer:

X = 22°

Y = 50°

Z = 108°

Explanation:

Given :

From the diagram shown :

The diagram shows a parallelogram with sides of parallel and equal length.

Z = 108° (opposite angles are congruent)

X = 22° (Alternate angles)

To get Y:

108° + 22° + y = 180° (sum of angles in a triangle)

130° + y = 180°

y = 180° - 130°

y = 50°

Hence,

X = 22°

Y = 50°

Z = 108°

How did losing young men to slavery affect the communities from which they were taken?

Answers

if they were taking there would be no strong young men to help fight in any wars ect.

with that happening lots of communities would struggle without strong men around to help and if in war they wouldn't have the strength to fight it.

help me with this question, please
What is an NGO?

Answers

Answer:

a nonprofit organization that operates independently of any government

Explanation:

Hope this is what you were looking for

Answer:

Non-Government Orginization

Phoenix, Arizona, is an example of an American city that developed organically, similar to many European cities.

Please select the best answer from the choices provided.

T
F

Answers

Answer:

False (:

Explanation:

False, I do hope this helps! Good luck on the quiz!

If a nonrenewable
resource cannot be returned to the source how can people use it in the future?

Answers

Answer:

recycle

Explanation:

I'm sure in the near future, we will be able to find ways to reuse objects that we couldn't before, especially as the world advances.

Answer:

They can't

Explanation:

The difference between these two types of resources is that renewable resources can naturally replenish themselves while nonrenewable resources cannot. This means that nonrenewable resources are limited in supply and cannot be used sustainably.

Latitude and Longitude determine
A. Global themes
B. Regional issues
C. Weather patterns
D. Absolute location

Answers

Answer:

Global themes.

Latitudes are horizontal lines running from West to East on the globe, and their latitude angle from the equatorial plane is 0°

Longitudes are vertical lines running from North to South and their latitude angle from the equatorial plane is 90°

50 points!! the species of fish that inhabit the Grand Banks rely upon what for their food supply?

A.)herring
B.)cod
C.)flatfish
D.)plankton

Answers

Answer:Plankton

Explanation:

Answer:

Plankton

Explanation:

Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water that are unable to propel themselves against a current. The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms, such as bivalves, fish and whales

5. A destructive plate boundary is when? Shade one circle only. [1 mark]
A 2 plates are moving towards each other (converging). Often an oceanic plate will subduct under a continental crust
B 2 plates are moving past each other in different directions or in the same direction but at different speeds.
C 2 plates are moving apart (diverging)
D there is a hot spot

Answers

Answer:

C is the correct answer

. Which of the following is not a characteristic of government?

A. To provide for peoples common needs.

B. To keep order within a society.

C. To protect the society from outside threats.

D. To enforce people to obey specific religious beliefs.

Answers

D I'm pretty sure...
B. To keep order within a society

Hey ppl i have a favor to ask can u give me two Brazilian regions to compare/contrast here i will give u my task. P.S yo dont have to do the whole thing just give me two easy Brazilian regions :)
here is my task
Your task is to choose two major Brazilian regions and compare and contrast them within a five paragraph written report, including a bibliography. You will also create a visual representation to include within your report. Create an essential questions and gather supporting evidence. Create a rough draft of your report and edit and revise as needed. Upload the final report here.

Answers

Answer:

How about the North and South region. I don't know if they are actually region I just looked up "Brazilian regions".

Answer:

northeast and southeast they have the easiest contrasts to find in my opinion

Explanation:

which point is the image of point B(-2,4) reflected over the x axis?

Answers

Answer:

(-2,-4)

Explanation:

The point (-2,4) is in the 2nd quadrant so when flipped over the x-axis it is then in the 3rd quadrant which means the x and y coordinates are negative. Thus, our answer is (-2,-4).

ANSWER NOW AND I WILL HELP/ ANSWER ONE OF URS

Answers

Answer:

The atlas mountain ranges

Explanation:

Text5x-4=2x-8
6x+5x-4=2x-8

Answers

well x=2 in the first equation

Help!!! il give brainlist​

Answers

Answer:

What do you need help with?

are all cities integrated into globalization in the same way?

Answers

Answer:

Although global cities are interconnected, embedded as they are in global production and financial networks, they are also locked into competition with one another to command increasing resources and to attract capital. To successfully compete, local governments have been keen to promote their cities as global.

Explanation:

Which of the following statements best characterizes South Africa's economy immediately following the end of
apartheid?
A. It depended on the export of cash crops like rubber and coffee.
B. It had limited manufacturing and depended on the export of gold.
C. It diversified with widespread manufacturing and service sectors.
D. It depended heavily on foreign investment and trade.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Find the request values
Geometry

Answers

I know n is 59 and the angle of NQP would be 55

true or false: the steepest slope on Rock Mountain is to the south?

Answers

Answer:

false.

Explanation:

I searched it

The social hierarchy in delphi​

Answers

answer: The social structure was generally broken up into 3 different classes in most cases, slaves, free people (who owned slaves), and upperclassmen (nobles, royals, dictators, rich people, etc.

what country has not experienced balkanization?

Answers

Answer:

Kosovo

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Which of the following are the correct properties of slope?
Check all that apply.
A. Lines that go down from left to right should have a negative
slope.
O B. Lines that go up from left to right should have a positive slope.
C. The slope of a steep line with a positive slope should be smaller
than the slope of a flat line.
D. Lines that have positive slopes and are equally steep should have
the same slope.
E. The slope of a steep line with a positive slope should be bigger
than the slope of a flat line.

Answers

Answer:

A, B, D, E

Explanation:

Out of the aforelisted options, 4 out of 5 are correct. And like the question had stated, mentioning all that are correct. They are:

Lines that go down from left to right should have a negative

slope.

Lines that go up from left to right should have a positive slope.

Lines that have positive slopes and are equally steep should have

the same slope.

The slope of a steep line with a positive slope should be bigger

than the slope of a flat line.

The correct properties of slope are;

Lines that go down from left to right should have a negative slope.Lines that go up from left to right should have a positive slope. Lines that have positive slopes and are equally steep should have the same slope.The slope of a steep line with a positive slope should be bigger than the slope of a flat line.

According to the question, we are to discuss about slope and its property. As a result of this we can see that Lines that have positive slopes and are equally steep should have the same slope.

Learn more about slope at;

https://brainly.com/question/6531433

explain how the geography of eastern europe has influenced the spread of culture and politics

Answers

Answer:

The Ural Mountains, Ural River, and the Caucasus Mountains are the geographical land border of the eastern edge of Europe. E.g. Kazakhstan, which is mainly located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it located west of the Ural River also shares a part of Eastern Europe.

Answer now, and u will get 16 and a brain if u answer first

Answers

the answer is the last one

ANSWER FIRST AND I WILL ANSWER SOME OF UR QUESTIONS

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

The ocean labeled 1 in the map that is located between California and Japan is called the
A)Arctic Ocean.
B)Indian Ocean
C)Pacific Ocean
D)Atlantic Ocean

Answers

The ocean between California and Japan is called Pacific Ocean

What environment do radish seeds need for growth

Answers

Answer:

For the most part radish seed growth is best when they are planted in cool soil; early spring or fall are the preferred seasons for many varieties. Next, be sure to get the soil in good shape before planting – loose, full of seasoned organic material, but not overly fertile. Moisture and soil depth must be right, too.

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