Answer
a. Single displacement
b. Decomposition
When classifying chemical reactions, consider how reactants change to form the products.
An equation for a chemical reaction has a left side and a right side. The arrow separates the left and right sides.
The left side is called the reactants. The right side is called the products.Each product or reactant can be one or more elements.
Some Types of ReactionsWe can use letters* to represent products and reactants in a reaction.
SynthesisTwo reactants become one product.
A + B → ABDecompositionOne reactant becomes two products.
AB → A + BIn equation (b), this is like how NH₃ separated into two products, N₂ and H₂.Single DisplacementStart with two reactants, a compound and an element. To form the products, the element replaces one of the elements that was in the compound.
AB + C → AC + BIn equation (a), this is like how Mg replaced Fe. Fe was part of a compound at first. Now, Mg is part of a compound instead.Double DisplacementStart with two reactants that are compounds. To form the products, an element from each compound replaces each other.
AB + CD → AC + BDTherefore, equation (a) is a single displacement reaction and equation (b) is a decomposition reaction.
*Each letter represents an element. Two elements make a compound. A letter can also represent a compound if compound stays together during the reaction.
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You move a 12-newton box 6 meters across the floor. How much work have you done?
The amount of work that has been done would be 72 Joules.
What is work done?The work done by a body can be defined as the amount of energy transferred from one body to another body. In other words, work is the product of force and the distance moved by the force.
This can be expressed mathematically as:
Work = force x distance moved by the force.
In this case:
Force = 12 newton
Distance = 6 meters
Work done = 12 x 6
= 72 NM or 72 Joules
In other words, if I move a 12 Newton box by 6 meters across the floor, the amount of work done would be 72 Joules.
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Solid silicon and solid magnesium chloride form when silicon tetrachloride gas reacts with magnesium metal. Write a word equation and an unbalanced formula equation including physical states.
Solid silicon and solid magnesium chloride form when silicon tetrachloride gas reacts with magnesium metal. the equation is :
SiCl₄(g) + Mg(s) ---> Si(s) + MgCl₂(s)
When the solid silicon react with the solid magnesium chloride , the word equation is :SiCl₄(g) + Mg(s)
the product formed is the silicon tetrachloride gas. the word equation is :
Si(s) + MgCl₂(s)
The unbalanced equation is :
SiCl₄(g) + Mg(s) ---> Si(s) + MgCl₂(s)
The balanced equation for the reaction of the silicon tetra chloride react with the magnesium and form the silicon and the solid magnesium chloride. and t is given :
SiCl₄(g) + Mg(s) ---> Si(s) + MgCl₂(s)
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Calculate each of the following quantities:
A. Volume (ml) of 2.25 M potassium hydroxide that contains 15.0 g of solute enter a 3 significant figure number
B. molarity of 250. ml of solution containing 1.25 moles of glucose
C. volume (ml) of 10.00 M copper(II) nitrate that must be diluted with water to prepare 750.0 ml of a 2.500 M solution (enter to 4 significant figures)
D. Are the following instructions for diluting a 10.0 M solution to a 1.00 M solution correct: "Take 100.0 mL of the 10.0 M solution and add 900.0 mL water"? enter either true or false
(A) Vol. of solvent is 119.8 ml, (B) Molarity (M) of sol. is 5.00 M, (C) V1 of copper nitrate solution is 187.5 ml, (D) The instruction given is false.
(A). To calculate the volume (ml) of a 2.25 M potassium hydroxide solution that contains 15.0 g of solute, we can use the formula:
The unit of measurement for molarity (M) is moles of solute per liter of solvent.
Rearranging the formula to solve for liters of solvent:
Molecularity = moles of solute / liters of solvent (M)
We know that the molar mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) is 56.1 g/mol. To find the moles of solute, we can divide the given mass (15.0 g) by the molar mass of KOH:
15.0 g / 56.1 g/mol = 0.2679 moles
Now we can plug this value into the formula above:
Liters of solvent = 0.2679 moles / 2.25 M
Liters of solvent = 0.1198 L or 119.8 ml (rounded to 3 significant figures)
(B). To calculate the molarity of a solution containing 1.25 moles of glucose in 250. ml of solvent, we can use the formula:
The unit of measurement for molarity (M) is moles of solute per liter of solvent.
Plugging in the given values:
Molarity (M) = 1.25 moles / 0.250 L
Molarity (M) = 5.00 M
(C). To calculate the volume of a 10.00 M copper(II) nitrate solution that must be added to water to prepare 750.0 ml of a 2.500 M solution, we can use the formula:
M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 and V1 are the concentration and volume of the original solution, and M2 and V2 are the concentration and volume of the final solution.
We know that the final solution has a volume of 750.0 ml and a concentration of 2.500 M, so we can plug in these values for V2 and M2:
M1V1 = 2.500 M x 750.0 ml
Now we can solve for V1 (the original volume) by rearranging the formula:
V1 = M2V2 / M1
V1 = (2.500 M x 750.0 ml) / 10.00 M
V1 = 187.5 ml (rounded to 4 significant figures)
(D). The instructions "Take 100.0 mL of the 10.0 M solution and add 900.0 mL water" are not correct for diluting a 10.0 M solution to a 1.00 M solution.
To achieve this dilution, you would need to take a smaller volume of the 10.0 M solution and add a larger volume of water, because the final volume should be larger than the starting volume.
For example, you could take 10.0 mL of the 10.0 M solution and add 90.0 mL of water, which would give you a final volume of 100.0 mL and a concentration of 1.00 M. The instruction given above is false.
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(Question) How many atoms are in 3 grams of Cu?
(20 points)
Answer: 2.85 x 10^22
Explanation:
We can use stoichiometry to convert grams to atoms.
*Important quantities*
Original amount of Copper: 3 grams
Molar mass of Copper: 63.5 grams
Avogadro's number: 6.022x10^23 atoms/formula units/molecules
Process - [tex]\frac{3gramCu}{1}[/tex]×[tex]\frac{1 mole Cu}{63.5 gCu}[/tex]×[tex]\frac{6.022x10x^{23} }{1 moleCu}[/tex] = 2.84503937×10^22
After taking sig figs into account, the answer needs to be rounded to 3 decimal places
Final answer: 2.85 x 10^22
What are the 6 Types of preservatione
Drying and fermenting are two of the earliest techniques for food preservation. Replacement, recrystallization, permineralization, and unaltered
The term "preservation" refers to all of the procedures used to extend the useful life of archival records. The goal of preservation efforts is to stop information from being lost and to reduce physical and chemical deterioration of documents. You can manage the components in your food and consume healthy food all year round by canning, drying, and freezing.
The obvious goals of conservation are the protection of wildlife and the advancement of biodiversity. The animals we adore won't vanish into oblivion by being protected and preserved for future generations. And we can keep the ecosystem in good shape and working properly.
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The correct question is as follows
What are 6 types of preservations ?
Calculate the mass of metal oxide produced during the decomposition of 1280 g of 77.5% pure magnesium carbonate!
Decomposition of one mole of magnesium carbonate (84 g) produces one mole of magnesium oxide (40 g). Thus, 1280 g of magnesium carbonate will produce 609 g of MgO.
What is magnesium carbonate?Magnesium carbonate is an ionic compound formed by donation of two electrons from magnesium metal to the carbonate group.
The decomposition reaction of magnesium carbonate is written below:
[tex]\rm MgCO_{3} \rightarrow MgO + CO_{2}[/tex]
As per this reaction, one mole of magnesium carbonate produces one mole of MgO.
molar mass of MgCO₃ = 84 g/mol
molar mass of MgO = 40 g/mol
84 g of MgCO₃ gives 40 g of MgO. Then the mass of MgO produced by 1280 g of MgCO₃ is:
mass of MgO = (1280 × 40)/84 = 609 g.
Therefore, the mass of MgO produced is 609 g.
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6.0 mol Al reacts with 4.0 mol O2 to form Al2O3.
4A1+30₂ → 2Al₂O3
How many moles of Al2O3 form when 4.0 mol Al reacts?
2 moles of Al₂O₃ will be produced when 4 moles of Al reacts in accordance with the above equation.
How to calculate moles using stoichiometry?Stoichiometry refers to the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).
According to this question, 6.0 moles of Al reacts with 4.0 mol of oxygen gas to form Al₂O₃ as follows:
4Al + 30₂ → 2Al₂O₃
Based on the above equation, 4 moles of Al reacts to form 2 moles of aluminium oxide.
This means that 4 moles of aluminium will produce 4 × ²/4 = 2 moles of aluminium oxide.
Therefore, 2 moles of Al₂O₃ will be produced by 4 moles of aluminium.
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What is the molarity of a solution in which 0.23 moles of NaCl are dissolved in enough water to make 395.6 mL of solution
The molarity of NaCl in enough water is 0.582[tex]\frac{mol}{mL}[/tex]
The moles of NaCl is given which is 0.23 and NaCl is dissolved in enough water which makes the solution of 395.6 mL.
The total number of moles of solute present in a given solution per litre is known as its molarity. In contrast to mass, which varies as the system's physical circumstances vary, the volume of a solution changes as a function of changes in the system's physical qualities, such as pressure and temperature. This has an impact on the molality of the solution. The symbol M, sometimes known as a molar, denotes molarity. A solution is considered to be one molar when one gram of the solute dissolves in one litre of the solution.
So, the molarity= [tex]\frac{totalnumber of moles}{total volume }[/tex]
molarity=[tex]\frac{0.23}{0.395}[/tex]
molarity=0.582[tex]\frac{mol}{mL}[/tex]
Hence, the molarity is 0.582.
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Select True or False: When lead-209 undergoes beta decay the balanced nuclear equation for this reaction is:
The statement is False, when lead-209 undergoes beta decay. As the nuclear equation is n ---> p + e- + antineutrino.
Lead-209 is an atom that contains 82 protons and 127 neutrons in its nucleus, meaning that lead-209 is not a neutron. Neutrons are particles that are found in the nucleus of atoms and have no charge. Therefore, lead-209 can't undergo beta decay by emitting a neutron. Beta decay occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a beta particle and an antineutrino, changing the number of protons in the nucleus. The balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of lead-209 would be Pb-209 (atomic number = 82) --> Bi-209 (atomic number = 83) + e- + antineutrino. The Bi-209 is a isotope of bismuth, which has one more proton than lead-209 and the same number of neutrons.
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Question-- Select True or False: When lead-209 undergoes beta decay the balanced nuclear equation for this reaction is: n ---> p + e- + antineutrino
Chemical Reactions - Problems
4 NH, +5 O, → 4 NO+6H_O
Which of the following are the reactants in the reaction above?
NH,
NO
I
H₂O
Submit v
IT
What is the most common irony?
In literary classes, the three most popular types are verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony. When a speaker or narrator says something that contradicts what they mean, what they intend, or what the context necessitates, this is called verbal irony.
What is irony?One thing is expressed while another is meant in an ironic statement. For example, on a chilly, wet gray day, you would exclaim, "What a gorgeous day!" Alternatively, if you were suffering from a severe case of food sickness, you may respond, "Wow, I feel terrific today." "ffers points of view and ideas that are, at most, intriguing... However, it does not reach the truth." Ronagh and Souder are particularly concerned with scientific assertions that are not meant to be taken seriously.
Here,
The three most common varieties in literary studies are verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony. Verbal irony occurs when a speaker or narrator says something that contradicts what they mean, what they intend, or what the context requires.
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Choose correct reagent(s) for the conversion below q2 A. a) propyl bromide / AlCl3 b) NBS B. a) propyl bromide / AlCl3 b) Br2 / heat or light C. a) propanoyl chloride with (1) AlCl3 and (2) H2O b) NBS D. a) propanoyl chloride with (1) AlCl3 and (2) H2O b) Br2 / heat or light E. a) Br2 / FeBr3 b) (propyl)2CuLi c) Br2 / light or heat
D. a) propanoyl chloride with (1) AlCl3 and (2) H2O b) Br2 / heat or light.
What is a reagent?
A reagent is a substance that is used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. Reagents are used in many different industries, including pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, and materials science. Reagents can be in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas, and are generally made from a combination of elements, compounds, or mixtures.
a) The reaction of propanoyl chloride with AlCl3 and H2O can be represented as follows:
AlCl3 + H2O + Propanoyl Chloride → Al(OH)3 + HCl + Propanoic Acid
This reaction involves substitution of the chlorine atom in the propanoyl chloride molecule with a hydroxide ion from the AlCl3/H2O mixture.
b) Br2 / heat or light cannot be used to react with propanoyl chloride, as this reaction would require the breaking of the carbon-chlorine bond. This is not possible using Br2 / heat or light.
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I’ve tried to do the problem but it’s confusing
Answer:
Explanation:
The equation for calculating the amount of heat released is:
q = mcΔT
where:
q = heat released (in joules)
m = mass of the substance (in grams)
c = specific heat capacity (in J/g·°C)
ΔT = change in temperature (in degrees Celsius)
Given:
m = 30 g
ΔT = 96°C - 25°C = 71°C
c = 4.184 J/g·°C (for water)
so
q = (30 g)(4.184 J/g·°C)(71°C) = 8.91*71 = 635.11 J
Therefore, 635.11 J of heat is released when 30g of water cools down from 96 degree celsius to 25 degree celsius
Note that this calculation is valid only if the process is adiabatic or no heat is exchanged with the environment.
The Ka values for nitrous acid HNO_2 and hypochlorous HClO) acid are 4.5 10^{-4} and 3.0 10^{-8}, respectively.
A,Which one would be more suitable for use in a solution buffered at pH = 7.0?
B, What other ion would be needed to make the buffer?
Nitrous acid HNO_2 would be more suitable for use in a solution buffered at pH = 7.0.The other ion needed to make the buffer would be the conjugate base of the acid, which in this case would be the nitrite ion NO_2^-.
A, The Ka value is an indication of the strength of an acid; the lower the Ka value, the weaker the acid. Therefore, the hypochlorous acid HClO has a weaker acidity than nitrous acid HNO_2 and would be less suitable for use in a solution buffered at pH = 7.0.
B, Buffers work by maintaining a certain pH by providing a source of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Therefore, the other ion needed to make the buffer is the conjugate base of the acid, which in this case is the nitrite ion NO_2^-.
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how could you use this pattern to predict how the element may behave in a chemical reaction
Answer:
it can predict the properties of new elements, because it organizes the elements according to their atomic numbers.
Creating new elements is not a simple process. Scientists use a particle accelerator to smash light atoms into a thin metallic foil that contains heavier atoms. They hope that the two nuclei at the centre of these atoms will fuse and form a heavier nucleus.
When these heavy elements form, they are usually highly unstable. They decay so quickly that we don’t usually see the element itself. Instead, we see a decay product. In that respect, even new elements aren't always 'discovered' directly. In some cases, scientists haven’t synthesized enough of the element for us to know what the element even looks like! Nevertheless, we consider the elements as known. We name them and list them the periodic table.
For example, in 2003, scientists first observed element 115 (ununpentium, Uup) They bombarded americium-243 with calcium-248 ions and produced four atoms of Uup, which lived for less than one fifth of a second.
₂₀ ⁴⁸Ca + ₉₅²⁴³Am → ₁₁₅²⁸⁸Uup + 3 ₀¹n
It took until September 2013 for the discovery to be confirmed, and about 50 atoms have been synthesized to date.
We can predict the properties of Uup because the Periodic Table organizes elements according to their atomic number.
Select True or False: As opposed to chemical reaction, nuclear reactions have a significant (measureable) mass change relative to the mass of the reacting species.
The given statement is true as in the radioactive decay results in significant mass loss.
When uranium nuclei go through radioactive decay, a number of their mass is transformed into kinetic energy (the electricity of the transferring particles). This conversion of electricity is determined as a lack of mass. When it decays, a radionuclide transforms right into a one-of-a-kind atom - a decay product. The atoms maintain remodeling to new decay merchandise till they attain a solid country and are now not radioactive. This radioactivity is a part of earth's herbal device and is the principle purpose of warmth in the earth and the using pressure for earth's tectonic device which results in volcanoes, earthquakes and plate tectonics.
Thus, the given statement is true.
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which type of reaction is represented by the generic equation AB+CD --->AD+CB?
combustion
decomposition
single replacement
double replacement
Answer:
4. Double replacement
Explanation:
The generic equation shows that two compounds are being swapped, which is an indication of a double substitution reaction.
Correct answer double replacement.
So the correct answer is D) Double replacement.
Which of the following is a physical property of minerals?
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
You didn't list any choices but stuff life color, density, texture,hardness, luster are PHYSICAL properties
Enrichment Activity 2.
Next up, let us compare the frequencies of different EM waves. Copy and answrr the table on page 16, refer to figure 2, then answer the question that follows.
PA HELP POOOOO
EM rays, or electromagnetic radiation, is a form of energy that is emitted and absorbed by charged particles.
What are Gamma rays?
Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation, similar to visible light and x-rays, but with much higher energy. They are produced by the hottest and most energetic objects in the universe, such as neutron stars, pulsars, and black holes. Gamma rays can also be produced artificially, in particle accelerators or nuclear reactions. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and highest energy of any type of electromagnetic radiation.
| Wave | Frequency (Hz) |
| Radio Waves | < 3 x 10^9 |
| Microwaves | 3 x 10^9 |
| Infrared Radiation | 3 x 10^12 |
| Visible Light | 4 x 10^14 |
| Ultraviolet | 7.5 x 10^14|
| X-Rays | 3 x 10^16 |
| Gamma Rays | 3 x 10^19 |
Which type of EM wave has the highest frequency?
Gamma Rays have the highest frequency with 3 x 10^19 Hz.
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What is a measuring stick called?
A measuring stick called meterstick or yardstick.
A meterstick or yardstick is either a foldable ruler or straightedge which is used to measure the length and it is specially common in the construction industry. Meterstick are made up of plastic or A measuring stick called meterstick or yardstick.
A meterstick or yardstick is either a foldable ruler or straightedge which is used to measure the length and it is specially common in the construction industry. Meterstick are made up of plastic or wood and they often have a metal or plastic joints so that they can be folded together. Metersticks are often rectangular and thin. Metersticks are divided with lines for each millimeter and numerical markings per centimeter. Whereas, yardsticks are often marked with a scale in inches. Measuring stick is also known as ruler. For example: We measure the diameter of a circle with a ruler, and also draw a perfectly straight line using its edge.
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How many moles are in 4.0 x 10^24 atoms of silicon?
Atoms of silicon have 0.15 moles.
[tex]4.0 × 10^2^4[/tex] atoms of silicon.
We have to find the number of moles.
Silicon has the atomic number 14.
One mole of silicon contains [tex]6.023× 10^2^3[/tex] atoms.
[tex]6.023× 10^2^3[/tex]number of atoms are present in one mole of silicon.
[tex]4.0*10^24[/tex]number of atoms will have-
[tex]6.023*10^2^3/4.0*10^2^4=0.15[/tex] moles.
Thus atoms of silicon have 0.15 moles.
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I need help plssss:(
the question is in the photo
16% of m is 28
16% x m = 28
0.16 x m = 28
m = ...
Answer:
m=175
Explanation:
100/16 = 6.25
6.25x28 = 175
Answer: To solve this equation for m, you can divide both sides of the equation by 0.16. This will give you:
m = 28 / 0.16
Simplifying the right side of the equation gives:
m = 175
Therefore, m = 175.
Explanation:
Help me please I have been stuck for some time
Answer:275.4 g Al2O3
Explanation: The mass of Al2O3 formed is 2.7 mol * 102 g/mol = 275.4 g. This is because the molar mass of Al2O3 is 102 g/mol. This means that when 1 mol of Al2O3 is formed, it has a mass of 102 g. Therefore, when 2.7 mol of Al2O3 is formed, it has a mass of 2.7 mol * 102 g/mol = 275.4 g.
Identify the 13 c nmr chemical shift for each carbon atom in a molecule of 1-penten-3-one
Carbon 1: δ = 2.09 ppm (The C1 atom is a methyl group, and is in a tertiary environment, which typically corresponds to a chemical shift of around 2.09 ppm).
What is chemical shift?Chemical shift is a term used in NMR spectroscopy to describe the relative difference in the resonance frequency of a nucleus in a molecule compared to a reference frequency.
2. Carbon 2: δ = 11.81 ppm (This is the carbonyl carbon, and is in a sp2 hybridized environment, which typically corresponds to a chemical shift of around 11.81 ppm).
3. Carbon 3: δ = 13.92 ppm (This is the terminal carbon of the pentene chain, and is in a sp3 hybridized environment, which typically corresponds to a chemical shift of around 13.92 ppm).
4. Carbon 4: δ = 16.53 ppm (The C4 atom is a methylene group, and is in a secondary environment, which typically corresponds to a chemical shift of around 16.53 ppm).
5. Carbon 5: δ = 17.86 ppm (The C5 atom is a quaternary carbon, and is in a sp3 hybridized environment, which typically corresponds to a chemical shift of around 17.86 ppm).
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The following reaction shows the products when sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide react.
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
The table shows the calculated amounts of reactants and products when the reaction was conducted in a laboratory.
What is the approximate amount of the leftover reactant?
11. 73 g of sulfuric acid
10. 33 g of sulfuric acid
11. 12 g of aluminum hydroxide
13. 67 g of aluminum hydroxide
The remaining reactant (Aluminum Hydroxide) weighs approximately 11.73 g.
Hence, Option A is correct.
Al(OH)3 has a molar mass of 78 g.H2SO4 has a molar mass of 98 g.Given:Al(OH)3 mass = 30gH2SO4 mass = 35gAl number of moles (OH)3 = 30/78 =0.385H2SO4 mole number = 35/98 = 0.357The provided reaction states that 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Al2 (SO4)3 + 6H2OAl, 2 moles (OH)H2SO4 is equal to 3 moles.Al 1 moles (OH)H2SO4 is equal to 3/2 moles.Al 0.385 moles (OH)0.578 moles of H2SO4 are equal to 3 = (3/2) x 0.385 moles of H2SO4.But the amount of H2SO4 is only 0.357 moles.H2SO4 is the limiting reagent as a result.Al(OH)3 is produced when 0.357 moles of H2SO4 react with = 2/3 x 0.357 moles of Al(OH)3.Al(OH)3 leftovers are therefore 0.147 moles (0.385 - 0.238 moles).Al(OH)3 has a molecular weight of 78 g, hence 78 x 0.147 g is one mole.= 11.43 g11.73 g of Al(OH)3 will be left behind as a result.To know more about limiting reagent here
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Show the more stable carbocation that forms through a 1. 2−shift. Be sure to answer all parts. Part 1 out of 2 Show the more stable carbocation that forms through a 1,2-shift.
Be sure to answer all parts. Part 1 out of 2 Show the more stable carbocation that forms through a 1,2-shift.
The more stable carbocation that forms through a 1,2-shift is a tertiary carbocation.
A 1,2-shift is a rearrangement of a carbon-carbon double bond, where one of the carbons moves two positions away from its original location with its original bonding partner following it. This creates a carbocation intermediate, with the carbon that moved being the positively charged center. Since tertiary carbocations are the most stable of the carbocation intermediates, the more stable carbocation that forms through a 1,2-shift is a tertiary carbocation.
The more stable carbocation that forms through a 1,2-shift is a tertiary carbocation.
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75g of a potato chip are burned in a calorimeter that contains 2L of water initially at 297K. After the combustion, the temperature rises 12oC. How much heat is involved per gram of potato chip burned
The amount of heat involved per gram of potato chip burned is 8388J when a 75g of a potato chip are burned in a calorimeter that contains 2L of water initially at 297K.
Given mass of potato chips burned = 75g
Mass of water (m) = 2L = 2000g
Initial temperature (T1) = 297K - 273 = 24oC.
Final temperature after combustion (T2) = 12oC
We know that q = mC∆T where q is heat and C is specific heat of water = 4.2J/g/oC.
q = 2000 x 4.2 x (24-12)
q = 8388J
Hence the heat evolved per gram of potato chip burned is 8388J
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. The reaction rates of many spontaneous reactions are actually very slow. Which of these statements is the best explanation for this observation? (1) The activation energy of the reaction is large. (2) AG for the reaction is positive. (3) Such reactions are endothermic. (4) The entropy change is negative.
In reality, spontaneous reactions occur relatively slowly because The reaction's activation energy is high.
Hence, Option 1 is correct.
A spontaneous reaction is one that favors the creation of products in the environment in which it is taking place.Given that spontaneous reactions discharge free energy, the sign of G must be negative. There are four distinct conceivable combinations because both H and S can be either positive or negative depending on the features of the specific reaction.An exothermic example of a spontaneous reaction is a raging campfire (there is a decrease in the energy of the system as energy is released to the surroundings as heat).Find more information about Activation energy here:
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An ideal ga (which i i a hypothetical ga that conform to the law governing ga behavior) confined to a container with a male piton at the top. (Figure 2) A male wire i attached to the piton. When an external preure of 2. 00 atm i applied to the wire, the ga compree from 6. 40 to 3. 20 L. When the external preure i increaed to 2. 50 atm , the ga further compree from 3. 20 to 2. 56 L. In a eparate experiment with the ame initial condition, a preure of 2. 50 atm wa applied to the ideal ga, decreaing it volume from 6. 40 to 2. 56 L in one tep. If the final temperature wa the ame for both procee, what i the difference between q for the two-tep proce and q for the one-tep proce in joule?
An ideal gas is a gas composed of a large number of identical molecules that obey the ideal gas law.
What do you mean by Gas?
Gas is a state of matter made of atoms and molecules that are not bound together, allowing them to move freely and take the shape and volume of their container. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).
The heat exchanged in a two-step process is given by
q = CpΔT + (P1V1 – P2V2)
where Cp is the specific heat capacity of the gas, ΔT is the change in temperature, P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume.
For the two-step process,
q = CpΔT + (2.00 atm x 6.40 L – 2.50 atm x 3.20 L)
For the one-step process,
q = CpΔT + (2.50 atm x 6.40 L – 2.50 atm x 2.56 L)
The difference in q for the two-step process and the one-step process is
q2 – q1 = (2.50 atm x 3.20 L – 2.00 atm x 6.40 L)
q2 – q1 = (7.68 L atm – 12.80 L atm)
q2 – q1 = -5.12 L atm
Since 1 L atm = 101.3 J, the difference in q for the two-step process and the one-step process is
q2 – q1 = -5.12 L atm x 101.3 J/L atm
q2 – q1 = -517.4 J.
Hence, the difference is -517.4 J.
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