According to the molecular geometry, if carbon is central atom and is sp³ hybridized then it is attached to four other atoms.
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information about the distance between nuclei and electron density.
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Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period because the effective nuclear charge _____ while electrons are being added to the same outer level. These additional electrons are shielded _____ by inner electrons and are therefore attracted _____ strongly by the nucleus.
Atomic radius generally decreases from left to right across a period because the effective nuclear charge Increases while electrons are being added to the same outer level. These additional electrons are shielded less well by inner electrons and are therefore attracted more strongly by the nucleus. .
In the periodic table, atomic radii generally decrease as you move left to right across the period (because the nuclear charge increases) and increase as you move down the group (because the number of electron shells increases).
As the attractive force between the nucleus and the electron increases, the size of the atom decreases. This effect diminishes as you move further to the right within the cycle. This is due to repulsion between electrons that would otherwise cause the atoms to increase in size.
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If 2.15 moles of C₂H4 (ethane) reacts with 6.30 moles of O2, which is the
limiting reagent?
Answer:
Oxygen is the limiting reagent.
Explanation:
First you must make a chemical equation. Then you will do a mole bridge from the moles of each given substance to a product, you can find how much product each will create. The reactant that creates the least is the limiting reagent. I hope this helps!
when each formula unit of potassium carbonate, k2co3 , dissociates into ions in solution, there of the cation and of the anion.
From the formula unit potassium carbonate, there are two potassium ions and one carbonate ion.
The term formula unit refers to the smallest unit of an ionic compound. Indicates the ratio of ions in a compound. For potassium carbonate, the unit of the formula is K₂CO₃.
In recent years, potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃.) has been extensively employed as a mild base catalyst in several chemical processes, including Knoevenagel and Nitroaldol Condensation O-alkylation the production of 2H-chromenes , and monomethylation reactions
there fore, From this formula unit we can see that there are two potassium ions and one carbonate ion.
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a substance is dissolved in water, forming a 0.50m solution. if 8.0 liters of the solution contains 240 grams of the substance, what is the molecular mass of the substance?
When a substance is dissolved in water, forming a 0.50m solution and 8.0 liters of the solution contains 240 grams of the substance then the molecular mass of the substance is 60 g/mol.
Given,
m = 240 g
MM = 0.5 mol/L
V = 8 L
∴ M = m/(MM × V)
⇒ MM = m/(M × V)
Where,
m = mass
M = number of moles
V = volume in L
MM = molecular mass
Substituting the values we get,
Molecular mass = 240 g/(0.5 mol L⁻¹ × 8 L)
⇒Molecular mass = 240/4 g/mol = 60 g/mol
Hence, the molecular mass of the substance is 60 g/mol.
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Which trends increase moving across a row on the periodic table? select all that apply.
The increased trends moving across a row on the periodic table is: the atomic radius generally decreases as we move from left to right. This is affected by the number of electrons each atom contains.
What are the trends in a row of the periodic table?Moving from left to right at the same row, the atomic radius generally decreases. This is because the more to the left, the more electrons each atom has. As they have the same number of shells, the atoms in the further right of the table tend to have a smaller atomic radius.
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calculate the amount of heat needed to melt of solid acetic acid () and bring it to a temperature of . be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits
The amount of heat needed to melt of solid acetic acid is 32.4 kJ.
Given temperatures are
Heat capacity for acetic acid = 2.06 J/g* °C
The melting point of acetic acid = 16.64 °C
Enthalpy of fusion for acetic acid = 11.73 kJ/mol
Number of moles of acetic acid = 124 g/(60.05 g/mol) = 2.064946 mol
1. Conversion of solid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C
q1 =m*ΔHf = 2.064946 mol * 11.73 kJ/mol = 24.22182 kJ
2. Conversion of liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to gas at 48.7 °C
q2 = m*C*ΔT = 124 g* 2.06 J/g* °C * (48.7 – 16.64 ) °C = 8189.406 J = 8.189406 kJ
Total heat energy required = q1 + q2
= 24.22182 + 8.189406 = 32.41122 kJ
The heat energy required = 32.4 kJ.
The inlet temperature to the heat exchanger at B will be T1. And the output of the heat exchanger coming out at D is T2. The cooling water entering the heat exchanger heats up as it passes through the heat exchanger. q is the amount of heat transferred to the system used to represent the change in enthalpy. Enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system associated with heat transferred to and from the system.
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- 22. Which of the following CANNOT be done by a simple machine?
a. increase the amount of work done
b. change the direction of a force
c. decrease the time it takes to do the work
d. transfer energy from one location to another
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
1. What do you notice as the rock
changes over time?
2. What do you notice about the fossils
over time?
Answer: the rock changes color because of the temputure and stays the same because its still a rock...
Explanation:
a 25.0 ml sample of a saturated ca(oh)2 solution is titrated with 0.030 m hcl, and the equivalence point is reached after 38.1 ml of titrant are dispensed. based on this data, what is the concentration (m) of ca(oh)2? type answer:
When samples ca(oh)2 is titrated with HCL, then the concentration of ca(oh)2 is calculated as 0.09M.
What is neutralization reaction?In chemistry, neutralization is a chemical reaction in which acid and base react with each other. During reaction in water, neutralization results in no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.
The neutralization of acid and base to identify the strength can be given as:
M1V1= M2V2
Substituting the strength and the volume of calcium hydroxide and the HCl with the volume:
0.030 * 38.1 = M2 * 25
M2 = 1.143/25
=0.045 M
The strength of the calcium hydroxide in the reaction is 0.045 M.
One molar unit of calcium hydroxide gives 2 molar units of hydroxide;
Therefore, molar unit of hydroxide in 0.045 M calcium hydroxide is:
2 * 0.045 = 0.09 M
The concentration of hydroxide ion in the titration is 0.09M.
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account for the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity observed when this compound is treated with in by drawing the product formed prior to a subsequent hydride reduction reaction. use wedge and hash bonds only when needed to show reaction stereochemistry. if the reaction produces a racemic mixture, just draw one stereoisomer. in your answer, draw the expanded structure for the acetyl group (ac).
Regioselectivity is the preference of chemical bonding or breaking in one direction over all other possible, stereospecific mechanism specifies the stereochemical outcome of a given reactant.
Regioselectivity occurs when two possible reaction products are regioisomers. Stereoselectivity exists when two possible reaction products are stereoisomers. Chemoselectivity occurs when a reactant within a substrate prefers one functional group over another. Markovnikov's law predicts the regiochemistry of his HX addition to unsymmetrically substituted alkenes.
The Zaitsev and Hoffman rule describes the principle of regioselectivity in elimination reactions. Regioselective means that the reaction selectively produces one regioisomer as the major product. The two alkenes are positional isomers because the double bonds are in different regions. A process that favors bond formation at certain atoms over other possible atoms.
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In one to two sentences, explain a similarity and a difference between the particles in liquid water at 100°C and the particles in
steam at 100°C. (2 points)
A similarity between the particles in liquid water and the particles in steam is their chemical composition whereas a difference between the particles in liquid water and the particles in steam is their state of matter.
What are liquid and steam?Steam refers to the gas which is formed when water passes from the state of liquid to the gaseous state. Steam is formed when water molecules break the bonds i.e. hydrogen bonds that keep them together while on the other hand, a liquid is a sample of matter that takes the shape of a container in which it is placed. The term liquid is used to show the state or condition of matter.
So we can conclude that chemical composition is the similarity between liquid and steam while on the other hand, the difference in the state of matter.
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Explain how global winds would be affected if all areas of Earth received the
same amount of solar radiation.
Global winds would be affected if all areas of Earth received the same amount of solar radiation is the distribution of solar heating across the planet produce global wind pattern
The earth climate system depend entirely on the sun for its energy and solar radiation warm the atmosphere and fundamental to atmospheric composition and while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind pattern and contributes to the formation of clouds and storm and rainfall and scientist say that one percent decreases would lower earth means global temprature by more than degree kelvin and according to the model decrease in solar energy of loss than 10 percent could effectively freeze earth entire surfaces
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when solutions of silver perchlorate, agclo4(aq) , and ammonium iodide, nh4i(aq) , are mixed, a solid precipitate forms, indicating a reaction.
The products are AgI and NH4ClO4.
Moreover, Iodide of Pb2+, Ag+ and Hg22+ are insoluble. So, AgI is not soluble Ammonium Salts are soluble. So, NH4ClO4 is soluble.
AgClO4(aq) + NH4I(aq) -> AgI(s) + NH4ClO4(aq)
Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) -> AgI(s)
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What happens to form the brown spots on a tlc plate when you place the developed tlc plate in an iodine chamber?.
there is a complex formed between iodine and many organic compound when you place the developed tlc plate in an iodine chamber
A commonly used semi-destructive visualization method is to expose a developed TLC plate to iodine (I2) vapor. An "iodine chamber" can be created by adding a few iodine crystals to a TLC chamber, or by adding a few iodine crystals to a chamber containing a portion of powdered silica or alumina (Figure 2.33a). When a developed TLC plate is placed in the chamber and capped, the iodine sublimes and reacts with the compounds on the plate, forming yellow-brown spots (Figure 2.33d). The coloration occurs because iodine forms colored complexes with many organic compounds. This stain will work with approximately half the compounds you may encounter.
This method is considered "semi-destructive" because complexation is reversible, and the iodine will eventually evaporate from the TLC plate, leaving the original compound behind. When the coloration fades, it is theoretically possible to use another visualization technique on the TLC plate, although it's possible the compound may have also evaporated by that time.
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Silver tarnishes as silver metal reacts with hydrogen sulfide, h2s, in the air. in this reaction, dark silver sulfide, au2s, covers the surface of silver. when silver is polished, this coating of silver sulfide can be removed from the surface. this makes the silver shiny again. enter the coefficients that balance the tarnishing reaction equation. (type 1 for no coefficient.) 2 silver dishes. photo by mgeurts ag(s) h2s(g) → ag2s(s) h2(g)
To make the silver shiny again, we can do silver tarnishes. The balanced tarnishing reaction is 2Ag(s) + H2S(g) --> Ag2S(s) + H2(g). Hence, the correct coefficients for the reaction above are: 2, 1, 1, 1.
How to write a balanced chemical equation?A balanced reaction is when the coefficient of all atoms in the reactants (the left side) is the same as the products (the right side). Given this equation:
Ag(s) + H2S(g) --> Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
The balanced reaction is:
2Ag(s) + H2S(g) --> Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
Hence, the coefficients of the reaction above are: 2, 1, 1, and 1.
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What is the mRNA sequence that will be formed from the DNA sequence below?
TAC CGG ATG CCA GAT CAA ATC
It will form the following: mRNA sequence will be 3' AUG CCA GGG UCG AAU UUC GAA UAG GCC CA 5'.
What is mRNA sequence?
High-throughput sequencing methods are used in RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to reveal the transcriptome of a cell. Compared to prior Sanger sequencing- and microarray-based techniques, RNA-Seq provides far greater coverage and better resolution of the dynamic dynamics of the transcriptome. In addition to allowing for the quantification of gene expression, RNA-Seq data also allows for the identification of novel transcripts, the recognition of alternatively spliced genes, and the detection of allele-specific expression.
Recent advancements in the RNA-Seq approach, which entails sample preparation, library building, and data analysis, have allowed researchers to better comprehend the functional complexity of the transcription. In addition to polyadenylated messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, total RNA, pre-mRNA, and noncoding RNA, including microRNA and long ncRNA, can all be explored using RNA-Seq.
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What is the chemical formula for zinc (II) phosphate?
Zn3p2
Zn(PO4)
Zn3(PO4)2
Zn(NO3)2
Answer:
the correct answer is C.
Explanation:
Zn3(PO4)2 is the chemical formula for Zinc phosphate.
The chemical formula for zinc (II) phosphate is Zn₃(PO₄)₂. Therefore, option C is correct.
Zinc (II) phosphate is an inorganic compound. It is composed of zinc cations (Zn²⁺) and phosphate anions (PO₄³⁻). The Roman numeral "II" in the compound name indicates that the oxidation state of the zinc ion is +2.
Zinc (II) phosphate is a white crystalline solid that is insoluble in water. It is commonly used in various applications, including as a corrosion inhibitor in coatings and paints, as a component in dental cement, and as a nutrient supplement in some fertilizers.
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what is pressure define pressure
Pressure is a large and continuous force that is either exerted or given on or against an object or thing by something coming into contact with it.
Hope this helps! :)
N2 gas is allowed to effuse through a porous membrane under constant pressure conditions. It takes 212 s for 1. 0 l of n2 gas to pass through the membrane. If it takes 337 s for 1. 0 l of an unknown gas to effuse through the membrane under identical conditions, what is the molar mass of the unknown gas?.
The molar mass of the unknown gas will be 70.75 g / mol.
What is graham law?
Graham's law states that the rate of diffusion or of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.
R1 / R2 = √ M2 / M1
= t2 / t1
Rn2/ R unknown = √ M unknown / Mn2
M unknown / 28gm/mol = t unknown / t N2
= 337 x 337 / 212 x 212 sec
= 337 x 337 x 28 / 212 x 218
= 70.75 gm / mol
The molar mass of the unknown gas will be 70.75 g / mol.
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how are hydrogens removed from polyprotic acids? how does this relate to the ka of these same species?
A lot of acids have two or more ionizable hydrogens. In phosphoric acid H3PO4, there are three, and there are two in carbonic acid H2CO3.
what is a polyprotic acid?A substance that can contribute more than one proton is called polyprotic acid. Two different types of polyprotic acid—diprotic and triprotic—can each donate two or three protons.
Polyprotic acids have different dissociation constants, such as Ka1, Ka2, Ka3, and equivalence points, depending on how frequently dissociation occurs.
Polyprotic acid exampleTake sulfuric acid as an example of a diprotic polyprotic acid (H2SO4). The sequential deprotonation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) results in the production of HSO4- and SO42-, respectively.
Take sulfuric acid as an example of a diprotic polyprotic acid (H2SO3). To create HSO3-, sulfuric acid (H2SO3) is sequentially deprotonated.
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block
wood with blac
4. Find the density of a piece of wood with a mass of 50.0 grams and a volume of 100. cm³.
=2g/cm3
Will it float on water?
It float on water density= 2.27 g/ml.
What is density?
density is the mass of a material substance per unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M seems to be mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimetre are a common unit of measurement for density. For instance, while Earth has a density of 5.51 grammes per cubic centimetre, water has a density of 1 grammes per cubic centimetre. The unit of density is kilogrammes per cubic metre. For instance, air weighs 1.2 kilogrammes per cubic metre. In textbooks and manuals, the densities of typical solids, liquids, as well as gases are listed.
Density is considered an important factor in identifying a substance. Some examples of highly dense materials are iron and platinum.
As per the question
Density = mass /volume
The mass peice of sulphur= 227gm
Displaed in 50 ml of water .
Thus,
Density= 227 g/ (150-50) mL
= 2.27 g m/L
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determine the shape around each central atom in the acetate ion. draw the lewis structure first. (enter one of the following: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, bent, trigonal bipyramidal, seesaw, t-shaped, octahedral, square pyramidal, square planar) 1. carbon 1 2. carbon 2 (the one with the oxygens)
We must first draw the Lewis structure of acetic acid.
(figure attached)
Carbon 1
This atom has four atoms directly attached and no lone pairs.
Its electron geometry and its molecular geometry are both tetrahedral as in methane. (figure attached)
Carbon 2
This atom has three atoms directly attached and no lone pairs.
Its electron geometry and its molecular geometry are both trigonal planar.
Oxygen 3
This atom has two atoms directly attached and two lone pairs.
Its electron geometry is tetrahedral but its molecular geometry is bent as in water. (figure attached)
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Perform the following operation.
(3.0 x 104) divide (4.0 × 108)
On performing the operation, we get 0.72
The operation is 3.0x104/4.0x108=312/432=0.72
The division is splitting into different groups.A division is a process of splitting a specific amount into equal parts.Long division is very similar to short division, but it usually involvesOne of the four fundamental mathematical operations, along with addition, subtraction, and multiplication, is division, which is used to divide bigger numbers.Division is the process of dividing a larger group into smaller groups so that each group has an equal number of things.It is an operation used for equal grouping and equal sharing in math.To learn more about division visit:
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you weigh out an antacid tablet and determine the mass to be 1.1990 g. after taking a 0.2455 g sample of the antacid tablet, you dissolve it in 25.00 ml of a 0.1006 m solution of hydrochloric acid in a 250.0 ml erlenmeyer flask. after heating the solution to get rid of carbon dioxide, you titrate the leftover hydrochloric acid in the solution in the erlenmeyer flask with a 0.09913 m solution of sodium hydroxide and determine that it takes 14.71 ml of the sodium hydroxide solution to react with the leftover hydrochloric acid in solution. determine the milligrams of calcium carbonate in the sample of antacid tablet and then determine the milligrams of calcium carbonate in the entire antacid tablet. 2. what indicator will be used for this titration reaction? what color change will occur?
Convert moles of HCl used in the neutralization of the tablet to moles of CaCO3 using the coefficients in the balanced equation. That will be moles of CaCO3 is 0.0005284 moles.
1. CaCO3 + 2HCl ==> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Moles of HCl added initially = M x L = 0.002515 moles
Moles of NaOH needed to neutralize the excess HCl = M x L = 0.0014582 moles.
Moles of HCl used for the tablet is
0.002515 - 0.0014582 = 0.0010568 moles
Convert moles of HCl used in the neutralization of the tablet to moles of CaCO3 using the coefficients in the balanced equation. That will be moles of CaCO3 = (1/2 x moles HCl) = 0.0005284 moles
Mass of CaCO3 = 0.05284g in 1.1990 g tablet
Then in 0.2455 g tablet = 0.0065187 g = 6.5187 mg
2. Both HCl and NaOH are strong acid and strong bases respectively, an indicator like phenolphthalein is used which can become colourless in acidic and neutral conditions and pink coloured under alkaline conditions.
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An organic compound x containing 40% carbon 6.67% hydrogen the rest being oxygen. If x has a relative molecular mass of 60 determine its
Empirical formula
Molecular formula (A=1;C=12,0=16)
The empirical formula of the compound is [tex]CH_{2} O[/tex] while the molecular formula is [tex]C_{2}H_{4} O_{2}[/tex]
What is the Empirical formula?There are several formulas that a compound can have and these formulas that a compound can have include;
a) Molecular formula
b) Empirical formula
c) Structural formula
The empirical formula is the simplest formula that a compound can have. This formula shows the ratio of the toms that are found in the compound has we can see it. Let us now obtain the empirical formula.
Dividing each term by the relative atomic mass we have;
Percentage of oxygen = (100 - (6.67 + 40)) = 53.33%
C - 40/12 H - 6.67/1 O - 53.33/16
Dividing through by the lowest ratio;
C - 3.33/3.33 H - 6.67/3.33 O - 3.33/3.33
C - 1 H - 2 O - 1
The empirical formula is [tex]CH_{2} O[/tex]
The molecular formula is obtained from;
[12 + 2 + 16]n = 60
n =2
The molecular formula is;
[tex]C_{2}H_{4} O_{2}[/tex]
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If you forgot to add the primers to your pcr reaction, what would happen and why?.
If you forget to add primers to your PCR reaction, the reaction will not work because the primers are necessary for the DNA amplification process.
What are primers?
A primer is a brief sequence of nucleic acids that serve as the precursor to DNA synthesis. Short RNA strands make up primers in living things. Prior to DNA replication, an enzyme called primase, a subtype of RNA polymerase must create a primer.
Because Taq polymerase cannot add bases without an existing piece of DNA, your PCR reaction would fail if you forgot to add the primers. Because there wouldn't be an enzyme that could add additional nucleotide bases, your reaction would not succeed.
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someone please help with number 14 letters a-d i don’t understand it!!
MgCO3⇒ MgO+CO2 is the balance equation reaction.
a. Li+O2⇒ LiO2
b. H2+Cl2⇒ H2Cl2
c.MgCO3⇒ MgO+CO2
d.2NaI+Cl2⇒ 2NaCl+2I
To balance chemical equations, stoichiometric coefficients for the reactants and products are required. This is important because a chemical equation must follow the rules of conservation of mass and constant proportions, which dictate that the same number of atoms of each element must be avail on two of the reactant and product sides of the equation.
Chemical equations use the relevant chemical formulae to symbolically express the reactants and products of a chemical process. To the left of the sign "," and to the right of the arrow symbol, respectively, is the part of the chemical equation that is on the reactant side.
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Ordinary hydrogen contains 99.30% of H atoms and 0.70% H atoms. Calculate the relative atomic mass of hydrogen.
The relative atomic mass of hydrogen 1.00
The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of the atoms of an element measured in atomic mass unit
Here given data is
99.30% of H atoms
0.70% H atoms
So we have to calculate the relative atomic mass of hydrogen. = ?
So the relative atomic mass = (isotope abundance × isotope mass) + (isotope abundance × isotope mass)
Relative atomic mass = (99.30% × 1) + (0.70% × 1)
Relative atomic mass = 1.00
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Arrange the following from lowest to highest entropy: H,0(), H,O2(0 H20(g), CuO(s). Assume 1 mole of each at the same conditions. from lowest to highest entropy Drag and drop your selection from the following list to complete the answer: H20(e) H20(g) CuO(s) H202(e)
Arrangement from lowest to highest entropy will be CuO (s) < H₂O (l) < H₂O₂ (l) < H₂O (g)
The dispersed energy of any system is called the entropy of the system. In simple words, this energy cannot be used to perform any activity. As we know that the highest degree of randomness is present in gasses because gas molecules move in the system in a random manner. The degree of randomness is slightly lower in liquids than in gasses because liquid molecules have different forces like hydrogen bonding dipole forces etc. These forces maintain the degree of randomness. In solid substances, the molecules remain in a fixed position so the degree of randomness is almost zero.
So among the given molecules, H₂O has the highest entropy and CuO has the lowest. if Two molecules have the same phase then we will decide according to the molecular formula.
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What is the formula of the compound formed between chlorine (Cl) and calcium (Ca)?
A. CaCl, because calcium loses one electron and chlorine gains one electron.
B. ClCa, because chlorine gains one electron and calcium loses one electron.
C. CaCl2, because calcium loses two electrons and chlorine gains one electron.
D. ClCa2, because chlorine gains one electron and calcium loses two electrons.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
From the periodic table: Cl has a -1 charge while Ca has a +2
This means that 2 Cl required to make a neutral compound with Ca (ideal)