Case 2: In Ghana, cowpea is a legume plant that is a significant source of nutrition for people in this country. Attempts are being made to improve the yield and hardiness of this plant through a national crop improvement program. What has complicated this effort is the existence of several different collections of cowpea seeds. (Oppong-Konadu E, Akromah I, and Adu-Dapaah O. 2005. African Crop Science Journal 13:117-123) 1. How would you use protein analysis via SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to sort through these collections so that duplicates could be eliminated and the remaining specimens could be sorted into subgroups that could then be further studied for properties of value in crop improvement
Answer:
It is expected that accessions/lines that exhibit the same bands in SDS-PAGE are phylogenetically similar (or even identical, duplicated, accessions) and therefore they can be removed when developing a core collection of germplasm. Subsequently, the accessions of the core collection can be clustered into subgroups (subpopulations) based on the distances observed between lines, reflected by different protein band patterns observed in SDS-PAGE. It is expected that these subpopulations adequately contain the genetic diversity of the core collection (useful in breeding programs).
Explanation:
SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), is a technique widely used in molecular biology to separate proteins based on their molecular weights. In crop improvement programs, this information can result useful to identify accession lines and develop core collections. A core collection is a limited set of lines or accessions/varieties obtained from a large germplasm collection that is expected to contain the genetic diversity of crop species. In this case, cowpea lines that exhibit the same bands in SDS - PAGE are expected to be phylogenetically similar (or even identical/duplicated accessions), thereby these lines can be removed in order to conserve one accession in the core collection. Subsequently, the remaining lines can be classified by a phenogram based on distance measures clustered by UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean). This cluster analysis enables the construction of a phylogenetic tree from a distance matrix based on protein patterns in SDS-PAGE, thereby obtaining subpopulations (clusters) which will be useful in breeding programs.
The wings of butterflies and birds are ----------- structures because, although they are used for the same purpose (flight) they have very different structural compositions. Bird wings are made of bones and feathers while butterfly wings are made from chitin and are part of the insect’s exoskeleton.
A) homologous
B) analogous
C) vestigial
Bird wings are made of bones and feathers while butterfly wings are made from chitin and are part of the insect’s exoskeleton.
B. They are analogous structures because they share the same function, but not fully the same structural characteristics.
What are examples of analogous?Analogous Structures are:
Bird, Insect and Bat Wings. Duck and Platypus Bills.Thus, option "B" is correct answer.
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What caused the human population to grow so quickly so fast?
the Industrial Revolution
O discovery of fire
the end of World War II
because the level of chlidren born per day stay at the high level it increases day per day
which organism is a producer in the mangrove swamp?
A. egret
B. seagrass
C. snapping shrimp
D. detritus
Answer: If I'm not mistaking i'm pretty sure its D.
Explanation:
Imagine that you discover a new operon, called the hfc operon. This operon includes a series of structural genes: hfc A, hfc B, and hfc C. Each of these structural genes encodes an enzyme. These enzymes are involved in a metabolic pathway that results in the production of Molecule X. The gene hfc q, which is found outside of the operon, encodes Protein Q. When Molecule X binds to Protein Q, Protein Q binds to the operator of the hfc operon. When Protein Q binds to the operator, the structural genes of the operon are not transcribed. In the absence of Molecule X, Protein Q cannot bind to the operator, and the structural genes of the operon are transcribed.
Required:
Is the hfc operon inducible or repressible?
Answer:
what
Explanation:
Fill in the missing information for each Punnett square below:
Which factors affect natural selection?
Answer:
1)variation organsimes (within populations) exibit invidiual variation in appearence and behaviour
Explanation:
2) high rate of population growth
3) differential survival and reproduction
How are the outputs (Carbon dioxide water and energy) of respiration used
Answer:
During the process of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product.
This carbon dioxide can be used by photosynthesizing cells to form new carbohydrates.
Also in the process of cellular respiration, oxygen gas is required to serve as an acceptor of electrons.
3.) How do you know when the first day of the menstrual cycle is? What happens?
4.) What is the function of FSH?
Answer:
3.) How do you know when the first day of the menstrual cycle is? What happens?
A.) first day of menstrual bleeding is considered Day 1 of the cycle.
4.) What is the function of FSH?
A.) FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries.
-TheUnknownScientist
Answer: 3. Day 1 of your cycle is the first day of your period, meaning the first day of full flow (spotting doesn't count). During this time, the uterus sheds its lining from the previous cycle. Between days 1 – 5 of your cycle, new follicles (sacs of fluid containing eggs) begin to develop within your ovaries. 4. FSH plays an important role in sexual development and functioning. In women, FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries. FSH levels in women change throughout the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels happening just before an egg is released by the ovary.
Explanation:
Which of the following is NOT an example of a pre-zygotic barrier?
behavioral isolation
hybrid sterility
habitat isolation,
mechanical isolation
Answer:
isolating mechanisms The reproductive characteristics which prevent species from fusing. Individuals mate in their preferred habitat, and therefore do not meet individuals of other Genomic incompatibility, hybrid inevitability or sterility. show that there is little behavioural, mechanical, or post-mating isolation
Explanation:
i hope all help full
Which of these is a parasite, A) Venus Fly trap B) Corpse flower C) Corpse Lily D) Grass
Answer:
Corspe Flower
Explanation:
option b.
I hope this helps
Answer:
c) corpse lily
Many people keep parrots for pets. Parrots have some very interesting behaviors. Some are inherited and some are learned. Which trait is a learned behavior rather than an inherited trait?
Answer: Talking
Explanation: Talking is a learned behavior. The others are inherited traits.
Talking trait is a learned behavior rather than an inherited trait.
What do you mean by talking trait?Using speech is not a personality trait and neither is walking on two feet—virtually all individuals do these activities, and there are almost no individual differences.
Being talkative is associated with being friendly. Talkative people can also be described as chatty, garrulous, loquacious, talky, and likely to talk your ear off. If you don't feel like chatting, you'd better avoid talkative people.
The Talker is creative, articulate, persuasive, charming, enthusiastic, and responds well to challenges, especially when there is recognition and rewards involved.
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PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE 40 POINTS ; PLUS BRAINLIEST !! DONT SKIP ANSWER.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
When the animals eat the food it's converted into energy
Mitosis unfolds through a sequence of stages marked by specific events in the cell.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
Mitosis is a cellular process where a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Mitosis is divided into five sequential stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and mitotic spindle fibers start to form from tubulin subunits. Subsequently, during prometaphase, the nuclear membrane disintegrates and spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes (centromeres). During metaphase, duplicated chromosomes line up along the cell's equator (i.e., the metaphase plate). Subsequently, during anaphase, the kinetochores move toward the cell's poles and sister chromatids separate. Finally, during telophase, kinetochore microtubules of the mitotic spindle disassemble, chromosomes arrive at the poles, the nuclei form at each pole and the chromosomes uncoil.
HELP PLEASE!! | No links!!!
If a Florida plant such as an orange or banana tree were grown in a northern state, what special care would it need to survive?
----------------------
A. extra water
B. direct sunlight
C. fertilizer in the soil
D. warm temperatures
If plant such as an orange or banana tree were grown in a northern state climate, they would require warmer temperatures to survive:
what kind of climate does banana and orange grow in?Bananas, which are essentially tropical crops, thrive in temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 degrees Celsius and relative humidity levels of 75 to 85%. It may thrive in humid tropical lowlands such as Florida.Oranges thrive in all frost-free tropical and sub-tropical climates.the northern states of America have a comparitively cool and dry climate which may not be suitable for bananas and oranges.hence, to grow these in northern states, these crops require warmer tempratures and humidity.
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Rainforests are habitats for many plants and animals. However, habitat fragmentation is occurring because of human activity. When a rainforest is fragmented, a large area is divided into small patches that are isolated from each other. Species living in these patches are more likely to become extinct as a result of overcrowding and competition.
Which of the following is the best way to minimize the effects of habitat fragmentation on the biodiversity of a rainforest ecosystem?
A.
constructing boundaries and fences around each habitat patch
B.
building natural green pathways across the original habitat to join all the patches together
C.
building concrete roads across the original habitat to join all of the patches together
D.
introducing new species that compete with the existing species in each habitat patch
Building natural green pathways across the original habitat to join all the patches together. Option B
What is rain forest?A rainforest is characterized by towering, largely evergreen trees and heavy rainfall. Some rainforests have existed in their current form for at least 70 million years, making them the oldest existing ecosystems on Earth.
Hence we can see that the best way to minimize the effects of habitat fragmentation on the biodiversity of a rainforest ecosystem is building natural green pathways across the original habitat to join all the patches together.
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Which of the following is an example of genetic discrimination?
article about guimaras oil spill discussing the effect of hazards and how do people survive in this kind of situation.
Answer:
It harms marine birds and animals.
Explanation:
Oil spills are harmful to marine birds and mammals as well as fish and shellfish because this oil makes their movement difficult as well as suffocation problem. People can survive in this kind of situation by removing the oil as much as possible. The oil can't mix with the water due to difference of nature so it can be easily removed from the water. This oil spell affect the environment as well as financial condition of people who are related fish industry because fish population negatively affected.
40 Even a tiny amount of moisture can support the life of mosses, which are nonvascular
plants. Why are mosses good pioneer species?
F. They grow very slowly.
G. They can survive in wet areas.
it. They can create a layer of soil on bare rock over time.
I. They can survive in areas that receive low levels of sunlight.
PLEASE HURRY I WILL GIVE BRAILIEST TO WHO EVER ANSWERS AND IS CORRECT
Select all benefits of using a wiki for business.
inexpensive
accessible twenty-four hours per day and seven days per week
online conversation
quick and easy editing
document sharing
Answer:
All of the above
Explanation:
Answer:
Inexpensive, accessible twenty four hours per day and seven days per week, and document sharing
Explanation:
I got it right on the quiz.
PLEASE HELP!!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
Answer:
the answer is B
Explanation:
As it releases so does the potassium ions
You are going to the movies with your family. Adult tickets cost $12.50 each. Children's tickets cost $9 each. The other expenses come to $25. Which expression can be use to figure out how much is spent, regardless of how many children and adults come?
A. 12.50 + 9 + 25
B. 12.50c + 9a + 25
C. 12.50a + 9c = 25
D. 12.50a + 9c + 25
Choose The Correct answer.
Answer:
D. 12.50a + 9c + 25
Explanation:
Assuming that the variables:
a = adults
c = children
Set the expression.
Adult tickets cost $12.50 (given): 12.50a
Child tickets cost $9 (given): 9c
"Other expenses" cost a flat sum of 25: +25
12.50a + 9c + 25 is your answer, or D).
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Look at the food web shown above.
Which organisms get energy from consumers?
What are some threats to biodiversity?
The core threats to biodiversity are human population growth and unsustainable resource use. To date, the most significant causes of extinctions are habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, and overharvesting. Climate change is predicted to be a significant cause of extinctions in the coming century.
Here are some examples:
1. Human Activities and Loss of Habitat
2. Deforestation
3. Desertification
4. Marine Environment
5. Increasing Wildlife Trade
6. Climate Change
What does RNA code for?
A. carbohydrates
B. DNA
C. proteins
D. fats
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:
because carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code
I hope this helped you:)
Answer:
dna dont mean to copy but person in top of me is correcto
Explanation:
3. In most cells,
directs the production of a
which then enters a ribosome. The
molecule of
ribosome produces the final product,
Retroviruses do the opposite. They use the enzyme reverse
transcriptase to use a template of
to produce
Answer:
In most cells, DNA directs the production of a molecule of mRNA which then enters a ribosome. The ribosome produces the final product, a protein. Retroviruses do the opposite. They use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to use a template of mRNA to produce DNA.
Explanation:
The central dogma of molecular biology describes how a cell uses its genetic information to synthesize a protein. The first step called 'transcription' consists of using an RNA polymerase enzyme and a fragment of DNA (i.e., gene) as a template to synthesize an RNA molecule, usually a messenger RNA (mRNA). Subsequently, the genetic code in the mRNA sequence is read by the ribosomes in order to produce a protein, a process known as 'translation'. Retroviruses are viruses that have the ability to integrate into the host genome by using a reverse transcriptase enzyme that allows reverse transcription of mRNA to complementary DNA, which then integrates into the host's genome.
The correct options in the blanks are DNA, mRNA, Protein, mRNA, and DNA respectively.
What is gene expression?It is the process by which cells produce protein from DNA molecules. DNA produces RNA which contains codes to produce amino acids.
The mRNA enters the ribosome which produced protein using the codons of mRNA.
Retroviruses have special machinery to produce the DNA from mRNA.
Therefore, the correct options in the blanks are DNA, mRNA, Protein, mRNA, and DNA respectively.
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How do circulatory system and immune system work together to respond to an injury
A group of researchers has made the claim that one particular butterfly species is the sole pollinator of a tree species and that consequently, the decline of the butterfly population will endanger the survival of the tree species. Data were collected and are summarized below. Which of the following data could best be used to either justify or refute the claim the researchers have made about the interdependence of the butterfly species and the trees?
Tree flower size Number of butterfly visits per flower per day Nectar energy per pollination visit (joules) Fruits per flower
Small 1 10 0.88
Medium 9 12 0.79
Large 55 13 0.85
a. The data comparing the fruits produced per flower with the number of butterfly visits are most useful in refuting the claim, because they show that the tree produces fruit even if the butterfly does not visit the flowers.
b. The data collected for large flowers are most useful in justifying the claim, because they show that a large number of butterflies visit flowers of this tree species, obtain energy from nectar, and cause fruit production.
c. The data comparing the number of butterfly visits with the size of the tree flowers are most useful in refuting the claim, because they show that the butterfly does not visit all types of tree flowers.
d. The data showing the nectar energy available for all sizes of flowers are most useful in justifying the claim, because they show that butterflies benefit from the relationship with the tree by obtaining energy from tree nectar.
Answer:
The correct answer is - A. The data comparing the fruits produced per flower with the number of butterfly visits are most useful in refuting the claim, because they show that the tree produces fruit even if the butterfly does not visit the flowers.
Explanation:
In this experiment, the table shows that specific butterflies did not go to small flower trees or go once a day where is in medium and large flower trees respectively they visit more than small flowers.
Even after not visiting small flower trees the nectar energy and the fruit production is almost similar to the other two trees. This case can occur only in one case if there are one or more pollinators present in this scenario other than this type of specific butterflies.
Thus, the correct answer is - option A.
The effects of deforestation include: increased soil fertility, as without trees to absorb them, the essential mineral nutrients remain in the soil. harm to downstream fisheries, due to sedimentation of waterways from increased soil erosion. increase in local rainfall and cooler temperatures, due to reduced plant respiration and transpiration. benefit to many species especially tropical and migratory species, due to habitat fragmentation.
Answer:
Harm to downstream fisheries, due to sedimentation of waterways from increased soil erosion.
Explanation:
Deforestation is the reduction of forest area in a given territory, both because of nature or man-made causes. It results in the loss of habitats for many animal and plant species, the destruction of natural peoples' habitats and livelihoods, and increases soil erosion and large floods in valleys. Often, a previously forested area becomes waste land.
Answer:
Harm to downstream fisheries, due to sedimentation of waterways from increased soil erosion.
Explanation:
The effects of deforestation include: Harm to downstream fisheries, due to sedimentation of waterways from increased soil erosion.
A directional flow of electric charge
Answer:
The direction of an electric current is by convention the direction in which a positive charge would move. Thus, the current in the external circuit is directed away from the positive terminal and toward the negative terminal of the battery. Electrons would actually move through the wires in the opposite direction.
Conventionally, a positive charge would go in the same direction as an electric current. As a result, the battery's positive terminal receives less current in the external circuit than its negative counterpart. Actually, electrons would go in the reverse direction across the cables.
What is electric current ?A stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, traveling through an electrical conductor or a vacuum is known as an electric current. The net rate of electric charge flowing through a surface or into a control volume is how it is calculated.
The cell phone, trains, ships, refrigerator, and the motors in appliances like food processors all run on electricity. To be useful, electric energy must be converted into other forms of energy like heat, light, or mechanical.
Conventionally, a positive charge would go in the same direction as an electric current. As a result, the battery's positive terminal receives less current in the external circuit than its negative counterpart.
Thus, a positive charge would go in the same direction as an electric current.
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