Cell replication happens in the S phase, while DNA replication happens in the Interphase.
Who made DNA possible?Many people think that the 1950s saw the discovery of DNA by English physicist Francis Crick and American biologist James Watson. This is not actually the case. Rather, Swiss chemist German Chemist made the first official discovery of DNA in the late 1860s.
How much DNA does a human body contain?One very long, linear Strand of dna makes up each chromosome. The DNA molecule in the shortest human chromosomes contains roughly 50 million nucleotide pairs, whereas the largest chromosomes have about 250 million. This means that the haploid human genome is made up of 46 Dna strands of 24 different kinds.
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suppose the dna of a gene contains seven regions, a through g, in that order. regions a, b, e, and g are located in exons, while regions c, d, and f are located in introns. what is the order of the regions in the mature mrna transcribed from that sequence?
The order of sequence of motifs in mature mRNA transcribed will be A, B, E, and G.
The order of mature mRNA transcribed would be as found accordingly with the arrangement of coding regions or exons which are A, B, E &G as given. Introns, a non-coding segment, contain C, D, and F. These sections are transcribed into pre-mature mRNA, but they are eliminated during the RNA splicing process to create mature mRNA, which only contains coding regions.
Introns are cut out during RNA splicing, which also cuts off intron motifs and joins exons so that C, D, and F are not transcribed since they are spliced due to non-coding segments. The section of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein are known as the coding region of a gene (CDR), sometimes known as the coding sequence (CDS). The exons are the segments of coding. The intronic sequences are non-coding sequences.
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What substance is the usable source of the energy that a cell uses for the synthesis of materials?.
The substance that is the usable source of the energy that a cell uses for the synthesis of materials is ATP.
The chemical substance that toils as the currency of energy in a cell is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is attributed to as currency because it can be used to make chemical reactions happen. The more energy needed for a chemical reaction, the more ATP molecules must be spent.
Normally, all forms of life use ATP, a closely universal molecule of energy transfer. The energy freed during catabolic reactions is stored in ATP molecules. In addition, the energy restricted in anabolic reactions (such as photosynthesis) is trapped in ATP molecules.
The adenosine triphosphate enzyme fulfills the breakdown of an ATP molecule.
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a virus has a mass of and an oil tanker has a mass of . use this information to answer the questions below. be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits.
5.4 x 10^12 mg is the mass of 1 mole of viruses. 6 moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker.
a. The mass of one mole of the virus is calculated by multiplying the mass of a single virus by Avogadro's number
=6.022 x 10^23
mass = (9.0 x 10^-12 mg)(6.022 x 10^23)
= 5.42 x 10^12 mg
5.4 x 10^12 mg is the mass of 1 mole of viruses.
b. The number of moles of the virus that will have the same mass as the oil tanker is calculated by dividing the mass of the oil tanker by the mass of one mole of the virus. Note that doing division, both would have to have the same units.
n = (3.0 x 10^7 kg) / (5.4 x 10^12 mg)(1 g/1000 mg)(1 kg/1000 g)
n = 6
6 moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker.
The complete question is:
A virus has a mass of ×9.010−12mg and an oil tanker has a mass of ×3.0107kg. use this information to answer the questions below. be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits. what is the mass of 1 mole of viruses? g how many moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker? ×10
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A brown-eyed man whose mother was blue-eyed married a brown-eyed woman whose
father had blue eyes. Assume brown to be dominant over blue. What is the probability
that the couple will have a blue-eyed child?
Crick and brenner performed a set of experiments with viral dna designed to determine the nature of the genetic code. What were their conclusions?.
The genetic code has no punctuation as well as the genetic code is read in increments of three nucleotides were the conclusions of Crick and benner.
With the use of straightforward genetic experiments, Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, and two Cambridge colleagues showed that the genetic code was very probably built on groups of three nucleotides in a Nature paper that was published in the year 2000. A live cell's ability to convert the data stored in genetic material into proteins is governed by a set of principles known as the genetic code.
Numerous scientists initially questioned whether DNA and RNA actually conveyed the genetic code due to the relative simplicity of nucleic acids. Long before it was feasible to sequence nucleic acids, Crick and Brenner demonstrated using just the tools of genetics that the genetic code was almost certainly based on groups of three nucleotides.
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in homo erectus, adaptations appeared which improved the efficiency of bipedal locomotion over that of the australopithecine apes. one such improvement was a specialized endurance adaptation indicated by attachment markers on the foot and leg. this new adaptation, found in all modern humans, is the
Our lineage's evolving pelvic structure appears to be a result of alterations in locomotion, ecology, climate, and brain size.
Is Australopithecus the oldest known hominid?According to the fossil record, Australopithecus predates both Homo and contemporary humans. Bipedalism was formerly thought to be preceded by enormous brain size, but the finding of Australopithecus, which had a tiny brain yet acquired bipedalism, disproved this notion.
What about australopithecines was most noteworthy?What made Primitive organisms, one of the oldest hominids, so important? They could have stood straight and walked on two legs. The majority of people relied on hunting and gathering for their livelihoods throughout the Old Stone Age.
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Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by?.
Exocytosis is the removal of molecules from the cell that are too big to pass through the cell membrane.
What are cell membranes and what do they do?Every organism seems to have a cell membrane, commonly referred as a cellular membranes, which separates the world inside the cell from of the environment outside.A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane.Materials were moved across into tissues under the regulation of the cell membrane.
What are the cell membrane's three primary roles?Three main purposes of biological membranes are as follows: They have two functions: (1) they prevent hazardous chemicals from entering the cell; and (2) they have receptors and pathways that permit the passage of particular molecules, including ions, nutrients, waste, and metabolic products that mediate various cellular activities.
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Dna replication relies on the blank______ of dna strands according to the blank______ rule.
DNA replication relies on the complementarity of DNA strands according to the AT/GC rule.
According to Chargaff's rule, the amount of the nucleotide guanine is equal to the amount of the nucleotide cytosine in the DNA and the amount of the nucleotide adenine is equal to the amount of thymine.
DNA replication is the process by which the two strands of the DNA replicate. The replication process of a DNA strand is dependent on the complementarity of the strands. The amount of AT/GC depicts the DNA replication process.
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The main function of the er is to transport proteins or other molecules, such as ________.
The main function of the ER is to transport proteins or other molecules, such as lipids.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, dynamic structure in the cell that performs numerous functions such as calcium storage, protein synthesis, and lipid metabolism. The ER's various functions are carried out by distinct domains, which include tubules, sheets, and the nuclear envelope.
In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum is the largest single structure. It is made up of a variety of interconnected shapes, such as sheets and tubules, and has a lumen enclosed by a membrane that is continuous with the membrane that surrounds the cell's nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum is a type of organelle that can be found in both eukaryotic animal and plant cells. It is frequently represented by two interconnected sub-compartments, rough ER and smooth ER. Both types are made up of membrane-enclosed, flattened tubes that are interconnected.
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The field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes is called.
The study of chromatin under a microscope is referred to as cytogenetic techniques in the science of genetics.
How does genetics work?The study of genetic makeup and heredity, or how particular characteristics or characteristics are passed through mother to daughter as a result of developments in DNA sequence, is known as genetics. A genome is a section of DNA that has the instructions needed to create one or more enzymes that support bodily function.
Which traits are genetic?Parents pass on traits or characteristics to their children through their DNA, such as brown eyes and genetic makeup. There are many diseases and medical conditions that can be passed on genetically. Sometimes a same feature might exist in several various forms.
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Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called.
Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called dermal papillae.
It is made up of loose dense connective tissue in the papillary portion of the dermis. Its finger-like extensions, known as papillae, which reach toward the epidermis as well as comprise terminal connections of blood capillaries, gave rise to its name.
Of the two epidermal layers, the papillary layer would be the thinnest. It is primarily made up of collagen fires that are loosely organized.
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the arac-like regulators differ from the laci repressor in that only the arac-like regulators . . . choose one:a. can activate transcription by direct interactions with rna polymerase.b. there are no differences between the arac-like regulators
The only regulators that can directly engage with rna polymerase to trigger transcription are those that resemble arac.
What role does polymerase play?
Dna polymerases' major function is to precisely and effectively replicate your genome in order to maintain your genetic information and ensure its faithful transmission down the generations.
What function does polymerase serve in DNA?
DNA polymerases is enzymes that put together nucleotides, the components of dna, to form dna molecules. these enzymes, which are crucial for dna replication, often function in pairs to split a single dna molecule into two identical strands.
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a young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?
The child with metabolic disease being always tired and fatigued may have the malfunctioning cell organelle (D) mitochondria.
Metabolic diseases are the diseases that disturb the normal metabolism of the body where the food is broken down to convert into energy. The disease generally has various different symptoms altogether. These symptoms are: increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, etc.
Mitochondria is the double membranous cell organelle involved in the synthesis of energy in the form of ATP. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded into multiple cristae that increases the surface area and contains the machinery for ATP synthesis.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?
(A) lysosomes (B) Golgi apparatus (C) ribosomes (D) mitochondria
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Why do double circuit heart than a single circuit heart.
Answer:
double circulation is more efficient. They ensure that we're giving our tissues and muscles blood full of oxygen, instead of a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Those who examine external forces on behavior take the side of ________, while those who focus on internal factors take the side of ________.
Those who examine external forces on behavior take the side of ____situationism____, while those who focus on internal factors take the side of ___dispositionism____.
What affects our behavior?Situationism is the idea that our actions and actions are determined by our surroundings and environment. Dispositionism, by contrast, believes that our behavior is determined by internal factors. Internal factors are attributes of a person and include personality traits and dispositions.
For example, a dispositionist may explain bankruptcy as the result of an individual's laziness and/or imprudence, primarily self-harm. Situationists, by contrast, believe that bankruptcy is often caused by more complex external circumstances, such as medical and other expenses due to divorce or unforeseen illness.
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decussation results in the right side of the brain interpreting sensory information from the left side of the body. true or false
True ,decussation results in the right side of the brain interpreting sensory information from the left side of the body.
Decussation means that a lesion interrupting the fibers above the crossing will have an effect on the side of the body . Decussation refers to the point at which the fibers cross the midline.
Sensory decussation is a decussation or crossover of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus, which are responsible for fine touch, vibration, and two-point discrimination of the body. Pyramidal decussation occurs in the lower medulla. The lower limit of the pyramids occurs when the fibers cross or decussate.
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What structure in an interphase eukaryotic cell is the site of ribosomal rna transcription?.
During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ___________, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from _____________.
During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from light, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from NADH/FADH2.
What is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration?Photosynthesis is carried out by plants, algae, and some bacteria, while cellular respiration is carried out by all living things. Photosynthesis converts light energy into potential energy, whereas respiration converts potential energy into kinetic energy.Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by plants and oxygen is a by-product.Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by-products and ATP is the energy converted from the process.
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explain the connection between dna, rna, proteins, and traits and describe how transcription and translation
RNA is produced using the DNA code. The polypeptide chain of a protein is built using RNA as a template. Thus, RNA follows DNA, which follows proteins.
How do DNA and RNA replication and translation connect to one another?According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, proteins are made from DNA rather than RNA. Transcription and translation are the processes by which DNA is converted into RNA and used to make proteins, respectively.
What happens when transcription occurs to DNA and RNA?A single-stranded RNA molecule is created during transcription from a piece of the double-stranded DNA template. In some instances, the RNA molecule itself performs a crucial task for the cell.
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cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. the most inclusive set of symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such early human art is?
a. antibody-producing cells.
b. swelling and pain only.
c. swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
d. pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue.
Those are the main symptoms of information that might appear in such early human art. so the correct option is C swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
Blood flow is enhanced, which results in redness and heat. The increased flow of fluid and white blood cells into the damaged area causes swelling. Pain is brought on by the release of chemicals and the compression of nerves in the injured area. White blood cells in your body release substances during inflammation to defend your body from foreign intruders. As a result, the area of injury or illness receives increased blood flow. Warmth and redness may result from it. Some of the chemicals lead to swelling in your tissues by causing fluid to flow into them.
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The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ________ nervous system.
The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ____peripheral____ nervous system.
What is nervous system?The nervous system receives stimuli, determines their meaning, transmits nerve impulses to active organs, and consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs. It is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its behavior and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body.
Two main parts of nervous system are:
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and reach all parts of the body.To know more about nervous system visit:
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in the ascending limb of the loop of henle, urea is concentrated within the loop because:
In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, unary system is concentrated within the loop because: the ascending limb pumps electrolytes into the interstitial fluid.
The unary system reabsorbed will increase the medullary awareness of the solute, that's essential for the reabsorption of water from the skinny inner medullary part of the descending limb of the loop of Henle. here, there's no osmotic gradient to purpose water motion inside the diluting kidney.
In popular, unary system movements along its concentration gradient, that means that it passively diffuses from areas of excessive to low awareness. in the initial filtrate, its awareness is same to that inside the blood, so before everything, there is no awareness gradient and there's a hundred% of the urea filtered still in the tubule.
Urea managing alongside the Nephron. Urea is filtered across the glomerulus and enters the proximal tubule. The concentration of urea within the ultrafiltrate is just like plasma, so the amount of urea coming into the proximal tubule is controlled via the GFR. In preferred, 30%–50% of the filtered load of urea is excreted.
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blood pressure is the driving force that moves fluid out of all the capillaries in the body. why is so much more fluid moved out of the capillaries in the glomerulus of the kidneys than in other areas of the body?
The capillaries in the glomerulus of the kidneys have two times more high BP than any other capillaries in the body.
What are glomerular capillaries?Blood pressure (BP) is the driving force moving fluid out of all capillaries in the body. However, unlike normal fluid moved out of capillaries, a lot more fluid is moved out of the capillaries present in the glomerulus of the kidney than other areas of the body. This is because blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is twice as high than any other capillaries.
GBHP (Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure) is the blood pressure in glomerular capillaries. aids filtration in the kidneys by moving water and solutes in plasma through the glomerular filter. The average GBHP is said to be 55mm Hg.
The increase in renal blood flow and afferent arteriolar dilatation increases glomerular capillary pressure. When the diameter of glomerular capillaries increase, the the tension in their walls rise. Efferent arteriole constriction will also cause increase in wall tension.
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If you do a really tough workout, you may begin to breathe hard and think that you have run out of energy. You will sometimes experience a burning sensation in your muscles. What are you really running out of when you think that you are running out of energy? Explain the process that your body is going through when you experience the “burn”.
The burning sensation during heavy exercise is due to the formation of lactic acid in muscles
Importance of heavy workout:
Although a rigorous workout is believed to be good for the body, why do muscles hurt so much afterwards? After a vigorous workout, the burning in the muscles can last for up to 72 hours. As the body adapts to the new physical demands placed on it, it grows muscle as part of the process. For muscles to be sufficiently challenged to promote growth, the body needs to be stimulated with a certain level of difficulty. The burning you experience is a necessary component of muscle development.Heavy exercise good or bad?
When you are tuned in, you will be able to sense when something is off with your body since it has innate wisdom. Although exercise might become intense, it should never be painful. Even though you will likely feel worn out and sore after working out, you will still be able to move about without agonizing discomfort.In contrast, your range of motion and capacity to carry out typical daily tasks will be significantly altered when the body experiences pain following an injury. This suggests that there might be a problem. When this happens, it is advisable to see a specialist who can fully evaluate you. Fractures can be found using X-rays, while soft tissue injuries can be found using ultrasound or MRI examinations.Hence this burning sensation is due to the formation of byproduct of anaerobic respiration i.e., lactic acid.
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If a biopolymer molecule is attracted to the partial charges found on the water molecule, the biopolymer is:
If a biopolymer molecule is attracted to the partial charges found on the water molecule, the biopolymer is Polar.
Biopolymers are organic materials made by the cells of living things. Biopolymers, like other polymers, are made up of monomeric units that are linked together through covalent bonds to form larger molecules. Polynucleotides, polypeptides, and polysaccharides are the three main classes of biopolymers, which are categorized based on the monomers used and the structure of the biopolymer formed. Long polymers of nucleotides, such as RNA and DNA, are known as nucleotides. Proteins and shorter polymers of amino acids are examples of polypeptides; collagen, actin, and fibrin are a few well-known ones. Starch, cellulose, and alginate are a few examples of polysaccharides, which are long or branched chains of sugar carbohydrates. Other examples of biopolymers include natural rubbers (polymers of isoprene), suberin and lignin (complex polyphenolic polymers), cutin and cutan (complex polymers of long-chain fatty acids) and melanin.To know more about biopolymers check the below link:
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Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?
A) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
B) increased margination of phagocytes
C) increased diapedesis of phagocytes
D) inflammation
E) cytolysis
Opsonization has the effect of increasing the phagocytes' adhesion to bacteria.
What is example of opsonization?Examples of opsonization include antibody molecules like the IgM, which can activate the complement system to make antigens more phagocytic-susceptible. Opsonization can enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in addition to phagocytosis.
What is opsonization and why is it important?Opsonization is a crucial step in innate immunity that prepared particles or complexes for easy absorption by phagocytic cells. Particle coated with particular serum proteins, called ensuring a high level, adhere ardently to phagocytic cells that induce ingestion.
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the brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the responses hippocampus hippocampus hypothalamus hypothalamus medulla medulla reticular formation reticular formation cerebellum
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the hippocampus.
What is amnesia?Amnesia is the loss of memories, including details, knowledge, and experiences. Although losing your identity is a frequent plot technique in movies and television, this isn't usually the case when someone has amnesia in real life. Instead, those who have amnesia, also known as amnestic syndrome, typically are aware of who they are.
What do you understand by hippocampus?In the brains of humans and other vertebrates, the hippocampus plays a significant role. Hippocampi are located on each side of the brain in mammals like humans. The hippocampus is a component of the limbic system and is crucial for spatial memory, which is necessary for navigation, and for transferring information from short-term to long-term memory. In both humans and primates, the hippocampus is found in the allocortex and projects neuronal fibres into the neocortex. All vertebrates have the hippocampus, which is the medial pallium. The dentate gyrus and the hippocampus proper, also known as Ammon's horn, are its two primary interconnecting components in humans.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the hippocampus.
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which part of the brain influences the autonomic and hormonal responses via connections with the hypothalamus?
Paraventricular nucleus influences the autonomic and hormonal responses via connections with the hypothalamus.
Paraventricular nucleus is the nucleus present in the hypothalamus. It is considered as one of the three zones of the hypothalamus. It is also responsible for the secretion of the hormone called oxytocin apart from regulating autonomic responses. The nucleus is actually a collection of several nuclei joined together with one motor output system.
Autonomic responses are the functions that are carried out on their own without our consciousness. These responses are digestion, pumping of heart, breathing, etc. The appearance of goosebumps is also an autonomic response.
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an iodophor is a(n) an iodophor is a(n) form of formaldehyde. quaternary which of the following best describes the flow of information in cells? which of the following best describes the flow of information in cells? dna acts as a messenger. it binds to a ribosome and provides instructions for making protein. mrna is made by copying specific regions of dna called genes. ribosomes use mrna as instructions, which provide a code specifying the order of amino acids in a protein. dna is converted to rna, which is then converted to protein. ribosomes make proteins by randomly linking amino acids together.mmonium compound. phenol. agent that reduces oxygen. iodine mixed with a surfactant.
An iodophor is a(n) iodophor is a(n) shape of formaldehyde. quaternary which of the subsequent high-quality describes the go with the flow of records in cells iodine mixed with a surfactant.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is the most powerful surfactant and could be very powerful at stripping all oils, such as the herbal protective ones.An iodophor is a coaching containing iodine complexed with a solubilizing agent, which includes a surfactant or water-soluble polymer, for instance, povidone. The result is a water-soluble material that releases loose iodine while in solution.
Iodophor is an iodine-containing solution with a solubilizing agent which includes a surfactant or povidone. Iodophor is widely used within the brewing and dairy industries as a sanitizer. The iodine is usually complexed with an excessive molecular weight service usually a polymer (Palmer 1999).
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Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would produce changes in the bone similar to those associated with _______
PTH may have anabolic effects in trabecular bone, whereas it stimulates bone resorption in cortical bone.
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients frequently experience vertebral fractures, and they appear to do so at greater BMD values than individuals with osteoporosis.Weaker bones as a result of greater calcium loss from them Increased bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption are two mechanisms by which hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises serum calcium levels. The bones become weaker as a result of parathyroid hypersecretion.One or more of your parathyroid glands may become overactive and secrete an excessive amount of parathyroid hormone if you have hyperparathyroidism (PTH). This results in hypercalcemia, a condition where your blood calcium levels increase. A nonprofit academic medical center, Cleveland Clinic.
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