Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a form of genetic material.
The viral DNA is packaged within the viral capsid and is released into the cells of the host organism when the virus enters the cell. Once inside the cell, the viral DNA is uncoated and then incorporated into the host cell's own genetic material. This process, known as “genetic transformation”, is how the virus replicates its genetic material and spreads to other cells.
The incorporation of viral DNA into a host cell is an essential part of how viruses spread and cause disease. The viral DNA is able to take control of the host cell's normal cellular functions and cause it to produce more viral particles.
This process, termed “lytic cycle”, is necessary for the virus to spread and cause infection. In some cases, the viral DNA also integrates into the host cell's genome, allowing the viral genetic material to be passed down through generations of cells. This process, referred to as “lysogenic cycle”, can lead to persistent infections and chronic diseases.
In order to successfully incorporate its DNA into the host cell, the virus must first attach to the host cell's membrane. This is done by the virus making use of specific proteins known as “receptors” that are found on the cell's surface. When the virus attaches to the receptor, it is allowed to enter the cell. Once inside the cell, the viral DNA is then uncoated and incorporated into the host cell's own genetic material.
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The B vitamins play major roles in ____. Question 45 options: maintaining skin health and decreasing oxidative damage to skin cells decreasing free radicals and increasing epinephrine from the brain facilitating energy production and making red blood cells increasing fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and serving as neurotransmitters
The B vitamins play major roles in increasing fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and serving as neurotransmitters.
The B nutrients assist enzymes in our our bodies do their jobs and are vital for a huge variety of mobile functions, like breaking down carbohydrates and transporting vitamins at some point of the body. The B nutrients play an inter-associated function in maintaining our brains jogging properly. Perhaps the maximum famous of all of the B nutrients, B12 is essential for neurological feature, DNA production, and crimson blood cellular improvement. Vitamin B12 is wanted to shape crimson blood cells and DNA. It is likewise a key participant withinside the feature and improvement of mind and nerve cells. Vitamin B12 binds to the protein withinside the ingredients we eat.
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5 Compare The images below show two processes by which clouds form when an air mass is lifted. In what ways are these two processes similar? In what ways are these two processes different?
The two processes Frontal Lifting and Orographic lifting are similar but different processes that occur int he Earth's Hydrologic Cycle.
When air is raised over an obstruction such as a mountain, this is known as orographic lifting. As the air mass is elevated, it cools and moisture inside the air mass condenses, perhaps becoming precipitation. Frontal lifting happens when warm and cold air masses collide.
What is Hydrologic Cycle?The water cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that depicts the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. It is also known as the hydrologic cycle or the hydrological cycle.
The hydrologic cycle is critical because it is the means by which water reaches plants, animals, and us! Aside from providing water for people, animals, and plants, it also transports nutrients, diseases, and sediment into and out of aquatic habitats.
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19. How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the calls is exactly the
same. In other words, the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain call and anothera si
cell?
The proteins expressed and the genes activated makes one cell a brain cell and another skin cell.
Gene expression is the process through which a gene's information is used to create a functioning gene product, allowing it to produce end products like proteins or non-coding RNA and ultimately have an impact on phenotypes. However, in non-protein-coding genes like transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the end result is a functional non-coding RNA instead of a protein.
Gene expression alterations lead to cell differentiation. This happens when various environmental signaling molecules activate or repress certain transcription factors that are required to express particular genes in the DNA. Inside of cells, DNA is arranged into chromosomes. Chromosomes have several genes.
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Is medical a fixed or variable expense?
Medical is a variable expense.
Medical expenses include all costs required for the diagnosis, mitigation, or treatment of disease or injury. Medical expenses include things like health and dental insurance premiums, doctor and hospital visits, co-pays, prescription and over-the-counter medications, glasses and contacts, crutches, and wheelchairs, to name a few.
Medication and supplies are examples of variable costs because they vary according to the quantity and severity of patients treated. The majority of hospitals have a limited amount of operational flexibility, unlike regular businesses that can shift operations to reduce fixed costs.
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What happens if the Calvin cycle is inhibited?
Photosystem II cannot repair photodamage if the Calvin cycle is disturbed.
When the Calvin cycle enzymes' activity are impaired, photosynthetic organisms experience more Photosystem II photoinactivation (PSII). We investigated the chemical process generating this phenomenon in the single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. When glycolaldehyde, which is known to block phosphoribulokinase, upset the Calvin cycle, the degree of photoinactivation of PSII increased. Glycolaldehyde's effects were strikingly similar to those of chloramphenicol, which blocks the start of protein synthesis in chloroplasts. A missense mutation was inserted into the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) gene, which interrupted the Calvin cycle and enhanced PSII photoinactivation.
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Insects often get stuck in the sap of ancient trees. The sap along with the insect inside harden forming a fossil. What kind of fossil is this
You are correct in your assumption. The kind of fossil that has been described in the question is Crystallization. It is also called crystallized fossil. The correct option is B ,
The solidification of a liquid material into a highly structured solid whose atoms or molecules are arranged in a well-defined three-dimensional crystal lattice is known as crystallization. A unit cell is the smallest individual portion of a crystal. Millions of similar unit cells make up the crystal.
Crystallization is the process of separating solid substances in the form of crystals from a solution. This procedure is most commonly used to separate a pure solid from a solution. It is a bodily transformation.
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Full Question ;
Insects often get stuck in the sap of ancient trees. The sap along with the insect inside harden forming a fossil. What kind of fossil is this?
A Cast
B Crystallization------What I think it is.
C Mold
D Trace
What are the 3 factors of natural selection?
The core of Darwin's thesis is that if three criteria are met, natural selection will take place. Factors: The battle for existence, variety, and inheritance is represented by the circumstances highlighted in bold above.
Most attributes are inherited, more offspring are generated than can survive, and offspring with more attractive traits will survive and have more offspring than those with less favorable traits. These three principles result in natural selection, which is an unavoidable process.
More environment-adapted organisms are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that contributed to their success. Over time, species change and diverge as a result of this process. One method of accounting is natural selection.
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4. Kevin is tall (Tt), has brown hair (Bb), has a cleft chin (CC), and is right handed (Rr). Kevin is homozygous for his
height
handedness
hair color
cleft chin
Kevin is homozygous for his cleft chin as all other are heterozygous. So, the correct option is (D).
What is Homozygous genotype?Homozygous is defined as having inherited the same allele for a genomic marker from each biological parent, so an individual who is homozygous for a genomic marker has two identical versions of that marker. Whereas an individual who is heterozygous for a marker has two different versions of that marker.
In a diploid species there are two alleles for each trait or gene in each pair of chromosomes at the same locus, or locus with one coming from the father and the other from the mother.
An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene, and are found at the same locus on chromosomes, so homozygous refers to having the same allele for a particular locus. So, in this case cleft chin is homozygous as they have same allele as compare to others.
Thus, Kevin is homozygous for his cleft chin as all other are heterozygous. So, the correct option is (D).
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Why did Mendel choose pea plants 3 reasons )? How did these characteristics help make it easier for Mendel to figure out the patterns to heredity?
Mendel chose garden pea for his experiment because are bise-xual, self pollinating they have a shorter life span, and also have visible physical characteristics which made it easier to study them.
Mendel conducted a lot of experiments on plant breeding and gave the laws of inheritance. He selected garden pea for his experiments for three reasons which made it easier for him to figure out the patterns for heredity. The first reason is that the garden peas have a short life span due to which they are able to grow quickly and are therefore are easy to maintain.
The second reason is that the garden peas have bise-xual flowers and due to this reason they have the ability to self-pollinate. The third reason is that these plants have visible phenotypic characters which makes them easy to study.
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Cobalamin, more commonly called vitamin B12, ______________________________. Question 50 options: is found abundantly in plant foods. when taken as a supplement, will increase metabolic functions, such as endurance performance. was one of the first parts of the B complex group to be discovered. is essential int he synthesis of DNA and in the development of red blood cells.
Cobalamin, or vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for human health. It is found abundantly in animal-derived foods, such as fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products, but it is not found in plant-based foods.
It is one of the first vitamins to be discovered and is part of the B-complex group of vitamins. Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in the synthesis of DNA, red blood cell development, and metabolic functions, such as endurance performance. When taken as a supplement, it can help to increase metabolic functions, such as endurance performance. It is also important for maintaining healthy nerve cells, as well as a healthy immune system.
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, and cognitive decline. Therefore, it is important to ensure adequate intake of this essential vitamin, either through dietary sources or supplements. It is important to note that vitamin B12 is only found in animal-derived foods, so vegans and vegetarians should consider taking a vitamin B12 supplement to avoid deficiency.
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What is the correct term for variation in characteristics within populations of the same species?
Phenotypic variation is the differences among the genomes of different members of the same species. A genome is composed of all the hereditary information, all the genes of an organism.
What is Phenotypic variation?Phenotypic variation is the variability in phenotypes which exists in a population. These are the result of genetic variation in an individual. For example, people come in all types of shapes and sizes including height, weight, and body shape are the common phenotypes that vary. Hair, eye color, and the ability to roll the tongue are observable variable phenotypes, too.
Phenotypic variation is the sum total of all the variations in characteristics within populations of the same species. In contrast, the genotypic variation is the sum total of all the variations such as allele frequency which are present in the genome of populations of the same species.
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Which of the following statements about a gene that shows maternal effect inheritance is true?
O Offspring will have a mutant phenotype if the father has a mutant genotype.
O Offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype.
O Embryonic cells transcribe the gene.
O Offspring will always show a mutant phenotype if they have a mutant genotype.
A gene that shows maternal effect inheritance is a gene that is expressed in offspring only if the mother has a mutant genotype.
The offspring will show a mutant phenotype if the mother has a mutant genotype, regardless of the father's genotype. This means that the offspring will not necessarily have a mutant phenotype if the father has a mutant genotype.
This type of gene expression is regulated by the maternal environment, which includes both the mother's genotype and the environment in which she lives. Embryonic cells transcribe the gene, and so the gene is expressed in the offspring. However, the gene's expression can be suppressed or enhanced depending on the environment in which the mother lives.
Offspring will not always show a mutant phenotype if they have a mutant genotype. This is because the gene may be expressed in the offspring only if the maternal environment is favorable for expression. If the environment is not favorable, the gene may be repressed, and the offspring will not show a mutant phenotype.
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The female reproductive system produces a reproductive cell called a(n) . These cells are produced in the ovaries. Then they travel to a(n) and finally to the uterus.
The female reproductive system produces a reproductive cell called egg . These cells are produced in the ovaries. Then they travel to fallopian tube and finally to the uterus.
What is the female reproductive system?
The outer part of the female genitalia is called the vulva, which means covering. The vulva is located between the legs and covers the opening to the vagina and other reproductive organs of the body.
Female reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. A female reproductive system enables a woman to:
produce egg cells (eggs)have intercourseprotect and nourish fertilized eggs until they are fully developedgive birth HerOvaries have her two main reproductive functions in the body. They produce oocytes (eggs) for fertilization and produce the reproductive hormones estrogen, progesterone, and androgens.
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Paleontologists are still debating about whether modern behavior, language, and art appeared more recently in Europe, about 50,000 years ago or further back, based on findings such as the tools and artifacts found at the Blombos cave. What do you think
Paleontologists have been debating the origins of modern behavior, language, and art for decades. This debate has recently been reignited by the discovery of tools and artifacts at the Blombos Cave in South Africa.
The artifacts found at Blombos suggest that modern behavior, language, and art appeared in Europe approximately 50,000 years ago. However, some paleontologists argue that these behaviors are likely to have appeared much earlier.
I believe that modern behavior, language, and art were likely present in Europe long before 50,000 years ago. Looking at the archaeological record, it is clear that behavior, language, and art have been evolving since the time of our early ancestor Homo erectus. Furthermore, the tools and artifacts found at Blombos are similar to those found in other parts of the world, suggesting that these behaviors were not isolated to Europe.
In addition to the archaeological evidence, there is also genetic evidence that suggests modern behavior, language, and art existed in Europe before 50,000 years ago. Genetic studies of modern humans suggest that all modern populations share a common ancestor who lived approximately 150,000 years ago. This suggests that modern behaviors, language, and art were likely present in Europe at least 100,000 years ago.
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What are the 5 factors of natural selection?
Answer:
Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time and Adaptation.
Explanation:
What gene controls fur color?
Scientists have identified a gene, DKK4, that helps regulate the early development of different coat patterns in domestic cats. The team believes that DKK4 is likely involved in color patterns in all cats, and possibly other mammals as well.
A cat with a dominant color (black, red, calico, etc.) needs a parent to indicate the dominant color. Her two parents with recessive colors (cream, blue, etc.) cannot produce offspring with dominant colors (black, red, etc.).
A co-dominant red gene (O/o) found on the X chromosome determines whether there is a red variation in coat color. This gene encodes pheomelanin. The dominant O allele encodes an orange tone, while the recessive O allele encodes non-orange pigmentation (black or brown).
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How do you find the effort force of a second class lever?
In a class two lever the force of the effort multiplied by the distance of the effort from the fulcrum is opposite and equal to the force of the resistance multiplied by the distance of the resistance from the fulcrum.
The force utilized to move an object across a distance is called an effort force. To use a rudimentary machine to perform work on an item, this force must be overcome. By dividing the load by the number of ropes, we may get the pulley's effort force. F is the effort force in the diagram.
For instance, when using a shovel, you hold one end stable to serve as the fulcrum and pull up on a load of soil with your other hand. The resistance force is the dirt being picked up, and the effort force is the second hand.
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Chloroplasts are a specialized structure that
convert sunlight into energy. Which cell type
requires these?
Plant or Animal
Answer:
Plant cells
Explanation:
The purpose of the chloroplast is to make sugars that feed the cell's machinery.
Answer:
Plant Cells require Chloroplasts.
Explanation:
A chloroplast is an organelle ( an organ within a cell) of a plant cell, who's main purpose is to convert energy from the Sun into chemical potential energy, otherwise known as photosynthesis.
Why are there often so many steps between the original signal event and the cell's response?
This is because a variety of components must be integrated in order to accurately interpret and respond to the signal in a timely and effective manner.
The first step in this process is for the signal to be received and interpreted by the cell. This involves the binding of the signal molecule to a specific receptor, which triggers a cascade of cellular responses. This involves the activation of certain proteins, which then act as mediators of the signal within the cell and help to direct the response.
Once the signal has been received and interpreted, it must then be transmitted to the target organelle or region of the cell. This is done by a variety of molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. These molecules are released from the cell and travel to their target where they bind to specific receptors. This triggers a series of responses in the target organelle or region.
Finally, the cell must respond appropriately to the signal. This involves the activation of specific genes, which then produce proteins that alter the cells physiology and behavior. This is a process of gene expression that is tightly regulated and allows the cell to respond rapidly and accurately to the signal.
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Why did Mendel carry out an experiment to study inheritance of two traits in garden pea?
Mendel carried out experiments to study the inheritance of two traits in garden pea as garden pea are bise-xual, self-pollinating, have a short life span and also have visible phenotypic characters.
Mendel conducted plant-breeding experiments using garden pea. He studied the inheritance of two traits to understand if the inheritance of a particular trait affects the inheritance of another trait.
He chose garden pea for his experiment as they are bise-xual in nature, that is the flowers have both male as well as female reproductive parts and therefore are able to self-pollinate. They also have easily observable physical characters and a short life span which makes them easier to maintain as they grow quickly.
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What are the 4 evidences that support the theory of evolution?
Four types of evidence for evolution are listed as follows:
1. The evolution of older species as seen in the fossil record.
2. the shared chemistry and anatomy of related biological species.
3. the geographical distribution of species that are linked.
4. the genetic alterations that have been observed in living things over many generations.
Organisms undergo gradual change over long periods of time by descent with modification. This transformation results from the organism's adaptation to its changing surroundings, climatic circumstances, style of life, etc. We can support the theory of evolution with some evidence. The following are the primary examples that bolster the theory: The structure of an organism has changed with time and is no longer the same as it was in the past, according to fossil evidence. According to evidence from embryology, different species that are descended from the same evolutionary ancestor share structural characteristics. In all earthly living organisms, the evolution of their basic chemical compositions and anatomical structures is fundamentally the same. No matter how complex the creature, whether they are tiny single-celled protozoa or incredibly complex organisms with billions of cells, they all begin as single cells and reproduce themselves by similar division methods (click this button to hear the term before it is pronounced). They all have a limited lifespan, get old, and die. Another cue concerning earlier evolutionary processes comes from the regional natural distribution of closely related species. It is clear that isolated, vast land masses and groups of islands commonly established their own distinct plant and animal species.
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Why did Mendel carry out an experiment to study inheritance of two traits in garden pea?
Mendel conducted research on inheritance using peas. Peas were selected because they had previously been used in research that was comparable, because they are simple to cultivate, and because they can be replanted annually.
Pea flowers typically self-pollinate because they contain both male and female parts, which are referred to respectively as stamen and stigma. Because of the process of self-pollination, offspring can be produced from a single plant even though the flowers do not open until later. Peas can also be manually cross-pollinated.
To do this, simply open the pea flower buds, remove the pollen-producing stamen, and then apply pollen from one plant to the stigma of another plant. This will prevent the peas from pollinating themselves.
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what is the volume of the graduated cylinder?
Explanation:
The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V=Bh or V=πr2h . The radius of the cylinder is 8 cm and the height is 15 cm. Substitute 8 for r and 15 for h in the formula V=πr2h .
PBS Evolution: Great Transformations
1. If the world’s history were compressed into one hour, how long have humans been here?
Microbes. Single-celled organisms
2. How long ago did mammals first appear on earth?
Mammals first appeared about 200 million years ago
3. What type of animal did the skull that Dr. Gingrich discovered resemble?
Dr. Gingrich discovered resembled a whale
4. What did "Whale Valley" used to be?
5. What unusual feature did they find at the end of the early tetrapods’ limbs?
6. How long ago did animals first appear on Earth?
About 800 million years.
7. When the mouse "eyeless" gene was implanted into the fruit flies, what happened?
8. How would walking on two legs be an advantage?
Humans have undergone evolutionary transitions, as mammals like whale resembled other mammals in terms of skulls and other sculptures on the basis of the fossils found.
The program begins with one of the most popular examples of a purported change used by the evolution contingency: the transition from land animals to the whale. This shift is demonstrated to be explained by the fossils of Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rhodocetus, Dorontid, and Basilosaurus. In contrast to a complete transitional fossil, Pakicetus only has a small piece of its cranium to show for itself. Although Ambulocetus is depicted in the documentary as a fully preserved fossil of an aquatic mammal with legs, this is an embellishment and stretching of the truth given that the skeleton of the animal was actually found to be very fractured. In the series, Rhodocetus is only depicted by a skull.
Many people have asserted that those "legs" weren't just vestigial; they also participated in copulation. They might have even had a swimming feature. In conclusion, two skulls, one incomplete, maybe transitional skeleton, and a complete aquatic whale type with short hind legs. Our top example of an apparent evolutionary transition comes from these data.
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Can muscle tightness cause back pain?
Spasticity, cramps, stiffness, and discomfort are just a few of the symptoms that can result from tight lower back muscles and back pain. These sensations might be constant, modest aches or intense, crippling misery.
What is spasticity?Spasticity is a disorder characterized by an unnatural rise in muscular tone or stiffness, which may impair speech or movement and be accompanied by discomfort or pain. Damage to the nerve pathways in the brain or spinal cord that regulate muscle action is the usual cause of spasticity.
What is pain?Uncomfortable bodily feelings are generally referred to as pain. It results from nervous system stimulation. Pain can be bothersome or incapacitating. It could feel like mild pain or a violent stabbing. Also, possible adjectives for it are throbbing, pinching, stinging, scorching, or sore.
What are muscles?Soft tissue like a muscle can be found in both humans and animals. Actin and myosin protein filaments make up the muscle cells, which glide past one another to cause contraction and alter the cell's length and form.
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symbiosis and species interactions keystone webquest answer key
These exchanges are frequently brief. However, there are many instances where two species coexist peacefully for extended periods of time.
What is keystone species?The most numerous species in a community are known as dominant species, and they have a significant impact on the abundance and distribution of other species.
Keystone species, on the other hand, have an impact on communities that greatly outweigh their abundance.
These discussions are typically can be done in many way. Two species can, however, frequently cohabit happily for long periods of time.
Such relationships are known as symbioses ("living together"). Symbiotic relationships can be classified as parasitic, commensal, or mutualistic.
Thus, this can be symbiosis and species interactions.
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How many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain if a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis?
Each daughter cell will contain 46 chromosomes, if a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis.
Cell Division:
Cell division is important for a variety of biological processes, including gamete formation, body tissue repair, and healing of damaged tissues.
Mitosis means that the cells formed after division have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The first stage of mitosis is prophase, in which chromosomal material condenses. The final stage is telophase, when the cell divides into her two cells. Both daughter cells after telophase have the same number of chromosomes. If there are 46 chromosomes early in mitosis, the daughter cells will have 46 chromosomes.
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Is calico an example of Codominance?
Calico is a coat color found in cats that is caused by sex-linked co-dominant alleles.
The calico cat displays a mixed color of red and black, depending on which of her two X chromosomes is inactivated. The allele that codes for orange hair color is dominant, while the black color allele is recessive. In cats, the X chromosome carries the gene that determines coat color, and calico cats have two different versions (or alleles) of this gene. One allele produces orange fur, the other produces black fur.
Codominance actually means that neither allele can block or camouflage the expression of the other allele. Co-dominance can also occur in less obvious traits such as blood type.
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How does an increase in cell size affect ratio of surface area?
As the cell radius increases, the surface area increases as the radius squared, but the volume increases as the radius cubed (much faster). Therefore, as the cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.
Cell proliferation reduces the surface area to volume ratio. This is because as a cell grows, its volume (its internal contents) increases faster than its surface area (its cell membrane).
As cells grow larger, the surface area to volume ratio decreases dramatically, similar to an agar cube. Larger cells have to transport substances across membranes, but they deliver a larger volume and a proportionately smaller surface area.
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A species of plant lives in the habitat of large leaf-eating herbivores, such as deer. How may it leaves become adapted to help the species survive?
They have leaves with thorns or leaves that have been modified to contain thorns. Additionally, they feature large, bulky leaves that are used to store reserpine or other alkaline compounds like latex.
Are humans a species?The billions of individuals that currently inhabit the earth are all descendants of one species, Homo sapiens. Just like other animals, humans vary among themselves in terms from everything from height and looks to skin tone and eye color. But by a significant percentage, our commonalities outweigh our differences.
What are the names of common species?Most evolutionary scientists make the distinction between one species and another based on effort to start: if two individuals of a different species marry, the offspring are frequently sterile, unviable, or have some other decreased fitness.
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