Answer:
The first stage of cellular respiration, called glycolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. In this step, enzymes split a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, which releases energy that is transferred to ATP. The organelle called a mitochondrion is the site of the other two stages of cellular respiration
A physical science textbook has a mass of 3 Kg. What is its weight on Earth
Answer:
Weight = mass * force of gravity
W = 3 * 9.81
Explanation:
Describe the importance of the intrinsic muscles in the hand as you reach to turn a
doorknob.
Answer:
Finger kinematics during grasp were measured on 5 cadaveric hands. To simulate finger flexion, the FDP was activated by a motor while intrinsic muscles were loaded at various levels (0, 125, 250, 375 or 500g). Finger movement was characterized by the order of metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joint flexion and by the maximal fingertip-to-palm distance during finger closure.
Results
Without any intrinsic muscle contribution (0g load), FDP activation resulted in flexion of all 3 joints, whereby flexion began at the proximal interphalangeal joint, followed by distal interphalangeal joint and then metacarpophalangeal joint. With increasing intrinsic muscle load, finger flexion was initiated at the metacarpophalangeal joint, followed by the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints. This altered joint flexion order resulted in a larger maximal fingertip-to-palm distance during finger flexion. The difference between the 2 extreme conditions (0g vs. 500g of intrinsic muscle load) was 19mm.
Discussion
These findings demonstrate that simultaneous activation of the FDP and the intrinsic muscles results in an apparently more functional hand closing compared to FDP activation alone because of altered kinematics and larger fingertip-to-palm distances.
Clinical Relevance
These findings suggest that intrinsic muscle balancing during reconstruction of grasp in tetraplegic patients may improve function. Keywords: grasp, hand, intrinsic muscles, tendon transfer, tetraplegia
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Introduction
Regaining arm and hand function has been identified as the highest priority for persons with tetraplegia.1,2 Recovering even partial function can have an enormous impact on independence, which enhances quality of life.3 Restoration of finger flexion is an achievable goal in reconstructive surgery of many tetraplegic hands. It can be performed if both the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis are fully innervated, in which case the extensor carpi radialis longus is transferred to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP),4 which enables patients to grasp and hold objects. However, by restoring FDP function only, fingertips coming into full flexion approach the bases of the fingers rather than the center of the palm.5 This happens because finger flexion begins at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, and fingers curl into flexion rather than following a large arc, which would provide a broad sweeping movement.6 The roll-up finger flexion tends to push large objects out of grasp5 and is therefore considered less functional in daily life.
In normal hand function, the intrinsic muscles, both the lumbricals and interosseus muscles balance finger movement7 and create this broad sweeping movement. Besides abducting and adducting the fingers, they are responsible for coupling metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) flexion with interphalangeal joints (IP) extension.8,9 For 2-dimensional finger movement during grasp, the lumbricals and the interossei provide the same function, as shown by Leijnse et al.10 Since their function is redundant in the sagittal plane, we refer to them as 1 entity, the intrinsics. Intrinsic function is so important that even when patients have neither functional intrinsic muscle nor a sufficient number of transferable muscles to reconstruct them with an active tendon transfer, passive tenodeses are used to substitute for intrinsic muscle function.11,12
We characterize functional hand movement for tetraplegic persons as a large fingertip-to-palm distance during flexion because this enables them to grasp objects of varying sizes and shapes necessary for activities of daily life. The exact contribution of the intrinsic muscles to this function is incompletely understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the role of intrinsic muscle force in creating a functional grasp. We hypothesized that increasing intrinsic muscle contribution would result in a more functional grasp.
Explanation: i hope this helps plz tell me if its wrong so i can fix it :)
The intrinsic muscles, including the lumbricals and interventions ” muscles, balance hand movements and provide this broad sweeping motion in normal hand function.
Define intrinsic muscles.The intrinsic muscles define the arch of the hands, twist the knuckles, and resist with the thumbs.
The intrinsic muscles, including the lumbricals and interventions ” muscles, balance hand movements and provide this broad sweeping motion in normal hand function. They are able to bridge metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) flex with interphalangeal joint (IP) extension, in addition to abducting and adducting the fingers.
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In the question “How does pineapple consumption affect the number of digestive bacteria?”, pineapple consumption is
A) the control group B) independent Variable
C) dependent variable D) experimental group
Answer:
For the approach of how does pineapple consumption affect the number of digestive bacteria?, pineapple consumption is the independent variable (option B).
Explanation:
The formulation of a hypothesis is not complete without the existence of the independent and dependent variables, the main variables from the research point of view.
The independent variable is one whose change or modification is capable of impacting the dependent variable, which is one that can be quantified or measured.
According to the approach, if somebody want to know how the consumption of pineapple influences the number of digestive bacteria, the independent variable is the consumption of pineapple, which can be controlled and modified, while the characteristic that is under the influence of this variable is the amount of bacteria, so that the latter is the dependent variable.
The other options do not apply because:
The experimental (D) and control (A) groups refer to the population in which the study is conducted. The dependent variable (C), in this case, is the amount of digestive bacteria.A classmate has asked you to help them determine the concentration of DNA in their solution. Their A260 reading was 1.69. What was the concentration of their DNA
Answer:
Acid , phenol or protein
Explanation:
The ratio of absorbance at 260 and 280nm is what is usually used to assess the purity which a DNA or RNA posses. A ratio of 1.8 is generally accepted as being pure for a DNA sample and a ratio of 2.0 is generally accepted also as being pure for RNA. when the ratio is significantly lower in each case, it indicates that there is presence of protein, phenol or other contaminants.
When pushing off the wall doing breaststroke, swimmers must do a/an __________pull?
Answer:
i started swimming this year its pretty fun : ) I believe the answer to your question would be a pull down/breakstroke pull
Explanation:
I hope this helps your welcome..
Pull-downs are essential to a fast breaststroke race. Without a good pull-down, you have a major disadvantage. You don’t want to start the race behind your opponents! If you’re looking to improve your breaststroke time, mastering the pull-down is a great way to do it. This guide is filled with easy steps to strengthen your race through a powerful pull-down.
Fluids fill in the spaces between the particles of sediment and
crystallize to create a rock by
a Clastic
b Compaction
C Crystallization
d Cementation
Answer:
D- Cementation
Explanation:
Cementation, in geology, hardening and welding of clastic sediments (those formed from preexisting rock fragments) by the precipitation of mineral matter in the pore spaces. It is the last stage in the formation of a sedimentary rock.
Hope this helps!
why can b blood donate to AB blood??
Answer:
Type B contains the B antigen.
This type is relatively rare (second only to AB). It contains the B antigen on its red blood cells, and the A antibody (to attack A antigens) in its plasma
Explanation:
the ends of the dna chains are made up of several repeating nucleotides that do not function in genetic instruction or as genes. These end nucleotides are called ____
A. Telomeres
B. Histones
C. Chromatids
D. Centromeres
Explain the significance of plant collections in the 18th century.
Explanation:
Humans developed the first planned plant hybrids early in the 18th century, during this period of intense interest in botany and plant anatomy. Collecting plants became a popular pastime for the wealthy and well educated
Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?
Answer:the temperature of the water
Explanation:
what function does stem perform in cactus plant
Answer:toes
Explanation:
Fingers
Answer:
it gives water and hold the plant
and contrubite food for the whole part
Explanation:
Glucose is a large molecule that comes into the cell, where there are high levels of glucose outside our cell and low concentrations inside our cell. Which type of cell transport would glucose use to travel across the cell membrane?
Simple Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Answer:
2345rtyhjnbvcdfgvsdfg
Explanation:
When substances are constantly moving
back and forth across a cell membrane, the
cell is said to be in a state of?
The diffusion of water molecules a secectively permeable membrane.
What is Diffusion?The net passive movement of molecules or particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration is known as diffusion. There needs to be a concentration gradient for diffusion to happen.
The dissimilarity in the quantity of solutes, particles, or molecules between the two locations will drive them to travel between the two regions.
The gradient created by the uneven particle concentration between two fluids will cause the particles to move in order to balance the discrepancy in concentrations. However, solutes do not migrate in a single direction during the diffusion process.
Therefore, The diffusion of water molecules a selectively permeable membrane.
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What are the effects of microorganisms (bacteria, protits, and fungi) in the day to day activity of farmers
Answer:
fertility of soil is been effected
Explanation:
Answer:
All is just to improve the soil fertility
Which statement best expresses a basic scientific assumption?
How do I find proof of God
Answer:
you can't.
Explanation:
You can observe evidence there may be a God, but there will always be a counter argument showing that God isn't real. Basically God and biology are ideas both of which may be seen as valid. in other words it depends on who you ask
Answer:
By praying.
Explanation:
What makes bottleneck dolphins such “ingenious fishermen”?
Which answer best explains how most scientists think that planets form? A. Large chunks of matter break off a star that collides with another star; these chunks then become planets orbiting the star. B. Large chunks of matter break off a planet that collides with a smaller body; these chunks gradually clump together to become a new planet. C. A rotating cloud of space dust and gases begins to flatten and condense, forming a new star; the remaining matter forms an accretionary disc around the star, gradually coalescing to form planets. D. A rotating cloud of space dust and gases begins to condense, forming a protoplanet; if the protoplanet is massive enough, its gravity will attract nearby matter until the protoplanet becomes large and round enough to be considered a planet.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Thats what the teacher told me
The scientists believe that planets form when a rotating cloud of space dust and gases flattens and condenses, forming a new star; the remaining matter forms an accretionary disc around the star, gradually coalescing to form planets, as described in Option C, also known as the "nebular hypothesis."
What is the nebular hypothesis?The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted scientific theory for the planetary systems, such that the solar system and, as per this theory, a cloud of gas and dust, called a nebula, collapse due to gravitational forces; the nebula contracts, and it rotates faster, flattening into a disk, which eventually cools and condenses, forming a protoplanetary disk.
Hence, the scientists believe that planets form when a rotating cloud of space dust and gases flattens and condenses, forming a new star; the remaining matter forms an accretionary disc around the star, gradually coalescing to form planets, as described in Option C, also known as the "nebular hypothesis."
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As. Why do biennial plants need two years to complete
their live Span ?
Carbohydrates are a type of biological macromolecule required to carry out life functions. Which of the following is NOT true regarding carbohydrates?
A. Monomers of starch are sugars such as glucose.
B. Living things store extra sugars as complex carbohydrates.
C. They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1.
D. Carbohydrates are the main component that makes up cell membranes
Answer:
D. Carbohydrates are the main component that makes up cell membranes
Explanation:
The main component of the cell membrane is a double layer of phospholipids - molecules with a phosphate head and fatty acid tail. Therefore D is incorrect. There are some carbohydrates in the cell membrane, but they are not the main component.
The statement 'carbohydrates are the main component that makes up cell membranes' is NOT true (Option D).
Carbohydrates are biopolymers composed of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.Complex carbohydrates (e.g., starch) consist of large branched or unbranched chains of monosaccharides, while simple carbohydrates (e.g., glucose) are monosaccharides.Complex carbohydrates serve as sources of longer energy storage for the cells, while monosaccharides provide energy quickly.The main component of the cell membranes are lipids (i.e., phospholipids and cholesterol).In conclusion, the statement 'carbohydrates are the main component that makes up cell membranes' is NOT true (Option D).
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What are the two types of carbohydrates? Describe the differences between them
True or false?
Density is equal to the mass of an object divided by its volume.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The formula for density is
p = m/v
density = mass ÷ volume
what shoukd the patient expect to experience living with the disease- Sitius Inversus?? in ur own words
Answer:
there is a complete mirror image transposition of the thoracic (chest) and abdominal organs , and anterior-posterior (front-back) symmetry is normal. Many affected people have no associated health issues when the condition is isolated.
Explanation:
A patient comes into the hospital complaining of having symptoms that looks like to be a streptococcal infection. When treated at the hospital it was determined the patient has streptococcus. However, after 3 days of being in the hospital the patient is now showing symptoms of having pneumonia. How is this possible? How did this pattern of infection take place? Talk about the immune system and the reasoning behind these diseases.
Answer:
Hope it helps...
Explanation:
Pneumococcal disease is caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). People with pneumococcal disease can spread the bacteria to others when they cough or sneeze. Symptoms of pneumococcal infection depend on the part of the body affected.
is salt and sand a suspension?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Fjytdhtyfhhfhftuyi
Answer:
Explanation:
The particles of salt become so small, they spread evenly throughout the water. This clear mixture of salt and water will not separate by itself. Sand in water is also a suspension. If you shake a container of sand and water, the sand spreads through the water, forming a cloudy liquid.
4) The taxonomy of life on earth defines that humans and bats are both classified as: A) Animalia B) Chordata C) Mammalia D) All of these
Answer:
D - all of these
Explanation:
They are both mammals
Bats are classified in:
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: MammaliaHumans are classified in:
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: MammaliaTherefore, the answer is D.
Is the teacher wrong or am I missing something? I got 10 minutes to finish please help.
Answer:
A, B, C, and D are correct. :)
Sometimes after an intense exercise routine, an individual will have sore muscles 1 to 2 days following the exercise; this is called delayed onset muscle soreness. Although not completely understood, it is believed that one cause of this is damage that occurs to the Z disks and contractile filaments in the muscles. When the body attempts to repair this damage, an inflammatory response occurs that causes soreness a couple of days after the exercise has taken place. Which of these situations would likely lead to less delayed onset muscle soreness in an individual?
a. a mutation in the Z-disk protein that caused the attachment of the Z disk to the titin protein to be stronger
b. a mutation that would reduce the amount of lactic acid buildup in muscle tissue
c. a mutation in the Z-disk protein that caused the attachment of the Z disk to the titin protein to be weaker
d. a mutation that weakens the calcium binding ability of troponin
Answer:
The correct answer is option A. a mutation in the Z-disk protein that caused the attachment of the Z disk to the titin protein to be stronger
Explanation:
As delayed onset muscle soreness is thought to be led by the inflammatory response of the body in order to repair damage to the Z disks and contractile filaments in muscles, due to the intense exercise.
Mutation in the Z-disk protein would strengthen the connection between Z disks and contractile filaments as it is logical that this mutation could withstand more pressure or intense exercise before damage occurs to these tissues.
How does the DNA in our cell's nucleus ultimately result in our bodies being built of protein?
Answer:
yess
Explanation:
Damage to the nerve cells without myelin sneath is perment because regeneration of nerve cells can only happen when
Answer:
Damage to the nerve cells without myelin sneath is permenent because the regeneration of nerve cells can only happen when schwann is present!
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