Extrusive (lava) igneous rocks form

under the earth's surface

from fragments of other rocks

when molten rock cools above the earth's surface

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

when molten rock cools above the earth's surface

Explanation:

Extrusive Igneous Rocks Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when molten magma spill over to the surface as a result of a volcanic eruption. The magma on the surface (lava) cools faster on the surface to form igneous rocks that are fine-grained.


Related Questions

In what way is a screw similar to an inclined plane?

-A screw and an inclined plane both have threads.

-A screw is put in place with a screwdriver, which is a wedge.

-A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

Answers

Answer:

-A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

Explanation:

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Can anyone know what is UV rays ​

Answers

Answer:

I know this need u in online class LOL

Explanation:

Ultraviolet is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun.

What is the life cycle of our sun?

Answers

Answer:

the sun is currently a mian sequence star

and will remain so for another 4-5 billion

State the career function of mining engineering​

Answers

Answer:Mining engineers are responsible for the effective, safe and profitable operation of mining undertakings. They are mining experts and engineers and have a background in geology as well as civil, mechanical and electrical engineering.

Explanation:

Mining engineers ensure that underground resources such as minerals, metals, oil and gas are extracted safely and efficiently. ... producing models or plans for possible mining sites. planning and implementing extraction systems. using specialist computer applications to maximise planning and production.

distinguish between uniform and non uniform velocity??​

Answers

Answer:

UNIFORM VELOCITY :body is said to have uniform velocity if it covers equal distance in equal intervals of time in a particular direction, however, the time intervals may be small. ... Examples of the body moving with variable

Explanation:

NON UNIFORM VELOCITYWhen an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time in a specified direction, or if the direction of motion changes, it is said to be moving with a non-uniform or variable velocity. e.g., revolving fan at a constant speed has variable velocity.

A kangaroo hopped at 22 meters per second, saw a skunk and then
hopped at 52 meters per second. This is an example of which of the
following?
Acceleration
Velocity
Speed
motion graphs

Answers

Answer:

this is an example of acceleration

The radius of Mars is 3397 km; and its mass is 6.42x10²³ kg. What is the acceleration due to gravity at an altitude of 485 km above the surface of Mars?

Answers

Answer:nfeergnjknrtgrth

Explanation:

Answer:

F = GMm/r^2

MA = GMm/r^2

A = GM/r^2

A = (6.67 * 10^-11)(6.42 * 10^23) / (3.37 * 10^6)^2

A = 3.77 m/s^2

Explanation:

Read the elapsed time on the stopwatch and answer the questions.
In which digit is there the least amount of confidence?
How many significant figures does this measurement have? I need help quick

Answers

Answer:

1.7

2.4

Explanation:

Answer:

1.7

2.4

Explanation:

differentiate among the various forms of energy

Answers

Explanation:

Forms of energy

There are many different types of energy, which all fall into two primary forms – kinetic and potential. Energy can transform from one type to another, but it can never be destroyed or created.

Burning Questions

What are the different types of energy?

Types of energy can be categorised into two broad categories – kinetic energy (the energy of moving objects) and potential energy (energy that is stored). These are the two basic forms of energy. The different types of energy include thermal energy, radiant energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, electrical energy, motion energy, sound energy, elastic energy and gravitational energy.

Discover the different types of energy

Thermal Energy

Thermal (Heat) Energy

Thermal energy is created from the vibration of atoms and molecules within substances. The faster they move, the more energy they possess and the hotter they become. Thermal energy is also called heat energy.

Let's go! >

Chemical Energy

Chemical Energy

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules – it is the energy that holds these particles together. Stored chemical energy is found in food, biomass, petroleum, and natural gas.

Let's go! >

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of atoms. This energy is released when the nuclei are combined (fusion) or split apart (fission). Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms to produce electricity.

Let's go! >

Electrical Energy

Electrical Energy

Electrical energy is the movement of electrons (the tiny particles that makeup atoms, along with protons and neutrons). Electrons that move through a wire are called electricity. Lightning is another example of electrical energy.

Let's go! >

Radiant Energy

Radiant Energy

Also known as light energy or electromagnetic energy, radiant energy is a type of kinetic energy that travels in waves. Examples include the energy from the sun, x-rays, and radio waves.

Let's go! >

light Energy

Light Energy

Light energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Light consists of photons, which are produced when an object's atoms heat up. Light travels in waves and is the only form of energy visible to the human eye.

Let's go! >

Motion Energy

Motion Energy

Motion energy – or mechanical energy – is the energy stored in objects; as objects move faster, more energy is stored. Examples of motion energy include wind, a flowing river, a moving car, or a person running.

Let's go! >

Sound Energy

Sound Energy

Sound energy is the movement of energy through substances. It moves in waves and is produced when a force makes an object or substance vibrate. There is usually much less energy in sound than in other forms of energy.

Let's go! >

Elastic Energy

Elastic Energy

Elastic energy is a form of potential energy that is stored in an elastic object - such as a coiled spring or a stretched elastic band. Elastic objects store elastic energy when a force causes them to be stretched or squashed.

Let's go! >

Gravitational Energy

Gravitational Energy

Gravitational energy is a form of potential energy. It is an energy associated with gravity or gravitational force – in other words, the energy held by an object when it is in a high position compared to a lower position.

Let's go! >

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

While it might sound complex, the First Law of Conservation of energy simply states that energy can never be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one type to another.

What Do You Mean?

Types of Energy Diagram

Energy can be transformed from one form to another in different ways.

Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object.

Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object or substance.

The Law of Conservation of energy is that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but can be neither created or destroyed.

Energy Transformations see diagram…

Notice that these energy transfer examples only show the useful energy transfers. However, car engines are also noisy (sound energy) and hot (thermal energy) and electric lamps also give out heat energy.

Cool Facts

The use of the word 'energy' dates all the way back to the 4th century BC.

Cool Facts

The word energy comes from the Greek word 'energeia', meaning 'activity.

Cool Facts

The use of the word 'energy' dates all the way back to the 4th century BC.

Cool Facts

The word energy comes from the Greek word 'energeia', meaning 'activity.

Speedy Summary

Energy transferred

Sunlight energy is converted into the chemical energy of glucose.

Energy comes in many different types, which can be categorised into two basic forms – kinetic and potential. Energy can never be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one type of energy to another.

Explanation:

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(Need Help) (ASAP)
You are at the Grand canyon standing at the edge of a ledge 1,857 m high. you have a mass of 61 kg you decide to take a selfie to share with your science teacher when you get home witch causes you to wonder...

a. How much gravitational potential energy do you have standing on the edge of this cliff?

b. If you were to trip and fall mid selfie, your stored potential energy would be converted to kinetic energy, as you are in motion period assume that all of the GPU calculated in part A would be converted to kinetic energy when you fall period if so, how fast would you be feeling?

Answers

Answer: Considering the gravitational field strength being 9.8...

A) 1,120,875J

B) 191.70m/s (2 DP)

Explanation:

explained in pic

You are at the Grand canyon standing at the edge of a ledge 1,857 m high. you have a mass of 61 kg you decide to take a selfie to share with your science teacher when you get home witch causes you to wonder,

a. The gravitational potential energy you have standing on the edge of this cliff is 1,120,875J.

b. If you were to trip and fall mid selfie, your stored potential energy would be converted to kinetic energy, as you are in motion period assume that all of the GPU calculated in part A would be converted to kinetic energy when you fall period if so, it was felt to be fast as 191.70m/s.

What is Gravitational Potential Energy?

Gravitational potential energy is the potential energy with respect to the gravitational force. To possess gravitational potential energy, the object to be placed in a position in the gravitational field.

According to the question,

Gravitational potential energy = mgh

As given here, h = 1857 m

m = 61

Substituting the given formula,

Gravitational potential energy = 61 × 9.8 × 1875

=1,120,875 J.

Here, As Gravitation potential energy gained, the Kinetic energy lost.

So, Kinetic Energy K.E = 1,120,875 J.

As we know the formula,

K.E = 1/2 mv²

v² =K.E / (1/2 m)

   = 1,120,875 × 2 / 61

v² =36,750

v = [tex]\sqrt{36750}[/tex]

 = 191.702 m/s.

The speed was calculated as 191.702 m/s.

Thus,

a. The gravitational potential energy you have standing on the edge of this cliff is 1,120,875J.

b. If you were to trip and fall mid selfie, your stored potential energy would be converted to kinetic energy, as you are in motion period assume that all of the GPU calculated in part A would be converted to kinetic energy when you fall period if so, it was felt to be fast as 191.70m/s.

Learn more about Gravitational potential energy,

https://brainly.com/question/8822715

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At a picnic, there is a contest in which hoses are used to shoot water at a beach ball from three different directions. As a result, three forces act on the ball, F1, F2, and F3. The magnitudes of F1 and F2 are F1=50.0N and F2=90.0N. F1 acts under the angle of 60degrees with respect to the x axis and F2 is directed along the x-axis. Find the magnitude and direction of F3 such that the resultant force acting on the ball is zero.

Answers

Answer:

F₃ = 122.88 N

θ₃ = 20.63°

Explanation:

First we find the components of F₁:

For x-component:

F₁ₓ = F₁ Cos θ₁

F₁ₓ = (50 N) Cos 60°

F₁ₓ = 25 N

For y-component:

F₁y = F₁ Sin θ₁

F₁y = (50 N) Sin 60°

F₁y = 43.3 N

Now, for F₂. As, F₂ acts along x-axis. Therefore, its y-component will be zero and its x-xomponent will be equal to the magnitude of force itself:

F₂ₓ = F₂ = 90 N

F₂y = 0 N

Now, for the resultant force on ball to be zero, the sum of x-components of the forces and the sum of the y-component of the forces must also be equal to zero:

F₁ₓ + F₂ₓ + F₃ₓ = 0 N

25 N + 90 N + F₃ₓ = 0 N

F₃ₓ = - 115 N

for y-components:

F₁y + F₂y + F₃y = 0 N

43.3 N + 0 N + F₃y = 0 N

F₃y = - 43.3 N

Now, the magnitude of F₃ can be found as:

F₃ = √F₃ₓ² + F₃y²

F₃ = √[(- 115 N)² + (- 43.3 N)²]

F₃ = 122.88 N

and the direction is given as:

θ₃ = tan⁻¹(F₃y/F₃ₓ) = tan⁻¹(-43.3 N/-115 N)

θ₃ = 20.63°

SILVER PACKAGE
The work done in lifting a 10 kg load of bricks to the top of a building 20 m high is (g = 9.8 ms-2
a) 98
b) 200 J
c) 980
d) 1960)​

Answers

U=mgh
U=10*9.8*20
U=1960
Answer is D

You are working as an intern for a meteorological laboratory. You are out in the field taking measurements from a balloon that is carrying equipment designed to measure electric fields in the atmosphere. Your supervisor has asked you to determine the average volume charge density at a certain height in the air. When the balloon is at an altitude of 500 m above the ground, the electric field is measured to be 160 N/C directed downward. At 800 m above the ground, the electric field is 120 N/C downward.
(a) Determine the average volume charge density (in C/m3) in the layer of air between these two elevations. (Enter the magnitude.)
(b) Is this layer of air positively or negatively charged?
positively charged
negatively charged

Answers

Answer:

a.  -6.99 × 10³⁰ C/m³ b. The layer of air is negatively charged.

Explanation:

With E₁ = electric field at 500 m above the ground = 160 N/C (it is negative since it is directed downwards).

Also, with E₂ = electric field at 800 m above the ground = 120 N/C (it is negative since it is directed downwards).

The total flux, Ψ = ∫E.dA = E₁dAcosθ + E₂dAcosθ

For the 800 m surface E is parallel to dA, that is = 0° and For the 500 m surface E is anti-parallel to dA, that is = 180°  

Ψ = ∫E₁dAcos180° + ∫E₂dAcos0°

= -∫E₁dA + ∫E₂dA

= -E₁∫dA + E₂∫dA

= -E₁4πR² + E₂4πR²

= (-E₁ + E₂)4πR² where R = radius of earth = 6.4 × 10⁶ m

= (-160 N/C + 120 N/C)4π(6.4 × 10⁶ m)²

= - 40 N/C)4π(6.4 × 10⁶ m)²

= -20588.74 × 10¹² C

= -2.058874 × 10¹⁶ C

≅ -2.06 × 10¹⁶ Nm²/C.

The since charge, Q = Ψ/ε₀, the total charge through the area is thus

Q = Ψ/ε₀

= -2.06 × 10¹⁶  Nm²/C ÷ 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m

= -0.233 × 10²⁸ C/m²

= -2.33 × 10²⁸ C/m².

So, the charge in the volume = charge net charge of surface × width of volume. So the charge in the volume Q' = QΔh = Q(h₂ - h₁) where h₁ = 500 m and h₂ = 800 m

Q' = Q(h₂ - h₁)

=  -2.33 × 10²⁸ C/m²(800 m - 500 m)

= -2.33 × 10²⁸ C/m²(300 m)

= -699 × 10²⁸ C/m³

= -6.99 × 10³⁰ C/m³

b. Since Q' = -6.99 × 10³⁰ C/m³, the layer of air is negatively charged.

Can two objects be at the same distance from a single point but be in different positions? Why or why not?

Plsssss help meee

Answers

Answer:Position is an object's location in relation to a reference point. Yes.  Both objects are one unit away (the same distance), but they occupy different locations in space because they are in different directions.

Explanation: Hope this helps!!

Yes it is possible for two objects be at the same distance from a single point but be in different positions.

We have two objects at the same distance from a single point but are in different positions.

We have to determine whether this statement is true or not.

What is a Reference frame?

A reference frame can be considered as the coordinate frame with respect to origin of which the physical quantities such as velocity, displacement , acceleration etc. of any other object in different reference frame is measured.

According to the question -

YES, Two objects can have same distance from a single point or a reference point (say origin) and can be at different positions. For example - Two different points with Position vectors -

P(1) = i + j

P(2) = - i + j

are located. Now, distance of point P(1) from origin will be -  [tex]\sqrt{1+1}=\sqrt{2}[/tex] and that of point P(2) from origin will be -  [tex]\sqrt{(-1)^{2} +(1)^{2} } =\sqrt{2}[/tex]

Hence, yes it is possible for two objects be at the same distance from a single point but be in different positions.

To solve more questions on Reference frames, visit the link below-

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Which force results from charged particles

Answers

Electrical force.
Hope that helped.

Answer:

electromagnetic force

Explanation:

a ball is rolling ar 4.80m/s over level ground when it encounters a ramp which gives it an acceleration of -0.875m/s^{2. if the ramp is 0.750m long, what is the final velocity of the ball when it reaches the top of the ramp?

Answers

Answer:

4.66m/s

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Initial velocity  = 4.8m/s

Acceleration = -0875m/s²

Length of the ramp  = 0.75m

Unknown:

Final velocity  = ?

Solution:

To solve this problem, we apply the right motion equation;

     V² = U²  +  2aS

V is the final velocity

U is the initial velocity

a is the acceleration

S is the distance  = length of ramp

   Insert the parameters;

      V²   = 4.8²  + 2(-0.875)0.75

      V²   = 23.04 - 1.31

      V²  = 21.73

      V = √21.73  = 4.66m/s

What is the normal force acting on the 7.50 kg box shown?

Answers

The answer would be 31 N. This is because Fn = 7.5*9.8*sin(25).

The pressure of liquid varies as per
its depth​

Answers

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

The pressure varies as per the depth of the container

There is an attachment. There is an attachment on here.

Answers

Answer:

5 i think

Explanation:

Which material rises from cracks in oceanic crust?

Answers

Answer:

trenchs and magma

Explanation:

Answer: Ridges form along cracks (divergent boundaries) in the oceanic crust (Molten rock (magma) rises through these cracks and pushes to both sides. When it cools, it forms new oceanic crust. The old crust is pushed away and new crust takes over. This is called Sea-Floor Spreading.

What reaction/soccur between an acid and base.

Answers

Answer:

neutralization reaction

Explanation:

The reaction of an acid with a base is called a neutralization reaction.

es una reacción química que ocurre entre un ácido y una base produciendo sal y agua. ... Se mezcla un ácido fuerte con una base fuerte: Cuando esto sucede, la especie que quedará en disolución será la que esté en mayor cantidad respecto de la otra.

if a gas produced, most likely a ______ reaction took place ​

Answers

Answer:

if a gas produced, most likely a chemical reaction took place ​

Explanation:

Answer:

if a gas produced, most likely a Chemical reaction took place

Explanation:

hope this helps and have a good day <3



During a laboratory experiment, the temperature of the gas in a balloon is varied and the

volume of the balloon is measured.

A)

Which quantity is the independent variable?

B)

Which quantity is the dependent variable?

Answers

A. The IV is the temperature of gas in the balloon.

B. The DV is the volume of the balloon.

This is because the temperature of the gas is the variable being manipulated in the experiment (Independent) and the volume is changing based on the shifts of the temperature (thus volume is Dependent).

Starting with a constant velocity of 45 km/h, a car accelerates for 35 seconds at an acceleration of 0.45 m/s2 . What is the velocity of the car at the end of the period of 35 seconds of acceleration?

Answers

Answer:

28.3 m/s

Explanation:

Vi = 45 Km/h = 12.5 m/s

Vf - Vi = at

Vf -12.5 = 0.45(35)

Vf= 28.3 m/s

A piece of iron of mass 200g and tempreture 300°C is dropped into 1.00 kg of water of tempreture 20°C. Predict the final equilibrium of the water.

Answers

Answer:

The final equilibrium T_{f} = 25.7[°C]

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem we must have a clear concept of heat transfer. Heat transfer is defined as the transmission of heat from one body that is at a higher temperature to another at a lower temperature.

That is to say for this case the heat is transferred from the iron to the water, the temperature of the water will increase, while the temperature of the iron will decrease. At the end of the process a thermal balance is found, i.e. the temperature of iron and water will be equal.

The temperature of thermal equilibrium will be T_f.

The heat absorbed by water will be equal to the heat rejected by Iron.

[tex]Q_{iron} = Q_{water}[/tex]

Heat transfer can be found by means of the following equation.

[tex]Q_{iron}=m*C_{piron}*(T_{i}-T_{f})[/tex]

where:

Qiron = Iron heat transfer [kJ]

m = iron mass = 200 [g] = 0.2 [kg]

T_i = Initial temperature of the iron = 300 [°C]

T_f = final temperature [°C]

[tex]Q_{water}=m*C_{pwater}*(T_{f}-T_{iwater})[/tex]

Cp_iron = 437 [J/kg*°C]

Cp_water = 4200 [J/kg*°C]

[tex]0.2*437*(300-T_{f})=1*4200*(T_{f}-20)\\26220-87.4*T_{f}=4200*T_{f}-84000\\26220+84000=4200*T_{f}+87.4*T_{f}\\110220 = 4287.4*T_{f}\\T_{f}=25.7[C][/tex]

What is a Super Massive Black Hole?

Answers

Answer:

I dont really know much but i know that it swallow anything it comes across in space.

A car is driving down the road at 35 m/s when the driver slams on the brakes. The car stops in a distance of 75 meters. The braking force necessary to do this is 9,800 Newtons. How much work do the brakes perform stopping the car?

Answers

Answer:

If the car is initially travelling at u m/s, then the stopping distance d m travelled by ... the speed of the car at the instant the brakes are applied. ... Common usage will force us to depart from this later in the notes. ... The history of these equations is not absolutely clear, but we do have some ... Newton (1642–1727) and Leibniz.

Explanation:

hope this helped

A toy train engine is rolling freely at a constant speed on a level piece of track. The train engine
collides with a stationary truck, and joins with it. Before the collision the train engine is travelling at
0.30 m/s, and has a mass of 700g. If the stationary truck has as mass of 400g. calculate the speed
of the joined engine and truck immediately after the collision.
(PLEASE answer with working).

Answers

Answer:

v₃ = 0.19 [m/s]

Explanation:

To solve this problem we must use the principle of conservation of the linear momentum, which is defined as the momentum before the collision is equal to the momentum after the collision.

ΣPbefore = ΣPafter

[tex]P=m*v[/tex]

P = momentum [kg*m/s]

m = mass [kg]

v = velocity [m/s]

Let's imagine that the toy train moves to the right, this movement is taken as positive.

[tex](m_{1}*v_{1})+(m_{2}*v_{2})= (m_{1}+m_{2})*v_{3}[/tex]

where:

m₁ = mass = 700 [g] = 0.7 [kg]

v₁ = velocity = 0.3 [m/s]

m2 = mass = 400 [g] = 0.4 [kg]

v₂ = 0 (stationary truck, there is no movement)

v₃ = final velocity of the joined engine and truck.

Now replacing:

[tex](0.7*0.3)+(0.4*0)= (0.7+0.4)*v_{3}\\0.21 = 1.1*v_{3}\\v_{3}= 0.19 [m/s][/tex]

15. Sandra decided to talk a walk at her neighborhood park. She walks 20 meters
east, 40 meters west, and finally 50 meters east. What is her total distance
and displacement, respectively?

Answers

Answer:

Long question good luck:)..............

Explanation:

May someone please help?
Air is cooled and
becomes
[denser/less dense).
Less dense air
[rises/sinks).
Denser air
(rises/sinks).
The process repeats, producing a
Air is heated and
becomes
[denser/less dense]
within the gas

Answers

Air is cooled and

becomes denser.

Denser air sinks.

The process repeats, producing a (i wasn't sure about this one)

Air is heated and becomes less dense.

Less dense air rises.

hope this helps!

Other Questions
Please help me I'm failing and I'm so confused!!!!!!! Look at these expressions:3w + 9x - 15y + 7w + 2x + 9y9x - 8w6w + 5y + 7x + 4x - 11y + 4w5x + 9y3x - 2y + 14w - 4y - 4w + 8x2y +5w4w + 5x y + 6w - 16r - 5yperimeter =[4] How many of them are equal? Do not factorise the answer. Can someone please help me what is 3x+4/5 = 7-2x describe how a study group might help you study better or learn more information what climate region is prevalent in Northern Africa? A new Youth Sports Center is being built in Pagosa Springs. The perimeter of the rectangular playing field is 236 yards. The length of the field is 2 yards less thandouble the width. What are the dimensions of the playing field?The width is yardsThe length is yards. 2.6x0.47pls helppls pls A quilt pattern of a dog is shown. Choose the best answer. 4. ML=MP=MN=MQ= 1 inch. Which statement is correct?A LMN > QMP by SAS.B LMN > QMP by SSS.C LMN > MQP by SAS.D LMN > MQP by SSS.5. P is the midpoint of TS and TR=SR= 1.4 inches. What can you conclude about TRP and SRP?F TRP > SRP by SAS.G TRP > SRP by SSS.H TRP > SPR by SAS.J TRP > SPR by SSS. the table show five of the most common chromosomal abnormalities that occur during reproduction. each abnormality cause significant alteration to the genome of the individual in which they occur. analyze the information in the table and determine the genotype of the abnormality that will result in a male having some female characteristics a) down syndrome;xy b)edwards syndrome;xx c) turner syndrome;xyy d)kilinefelter syndrome;xxy Many Thanksgiving hosts set up a children's table where all the children are seated for the meal. As a child yourself, would you rather sit at the children's table or have the children and adults all together at one table? Why? If 150 G of wood started Burning, and 30 G of wood ash was left behind, how many grams of CO2 to gas was released It is known that a laptop company's average production is given by P(t) = (150t) / (3t+20), wheret is the time (in days). How many days will it take the company to produce 30 laptops? Find the inverse of the function f(x) = 2x - 4 Why did Lincoln congratulate Meade? *Use a compound verb to combine two of the sentences:Mary is talented. She sings opera. She also act inBroadway plays. When the lowest note of the chord is the root, it is said to be in...Your answer:A.first inversionB.second inversionC.third inversionD.root position 50 pts5.____ is the day to day, hour to hour condition of our atmosphere. Costa Rica protectsa. 2%b. 12%of its total territory in national parks.15%d. 23%c.Please select the best answer from the choices providedB DYo A new sidewalk will be 4 feet wide, 240 feet long, and filled to a depth of 9 inches (0.75 foot) with concrete. How many cubic yards of concrete are needed? what is universal gas constant