Firm B has a 12% ROE. Other things held constant, what would its expected growth rate be if it paid out 25% of its earnings as dividends?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

the expected growth rate is 9%

Explanation:

The computation of the expected growth rate is shown below:

As we know that

Retention ratio = (1 - dividend payout ratio)

So,  

Retention ratio = (1  -0.25) = 0.75

Now

Growth rate = Retention ratio × ROE

= 0.75 × 12

= 9%

hence, the expected growth rate is 9%

We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come

And, the same is to be considered  


Related Questions

Despite Alisa’s request for a 7% wage increase for workers with seniority, Katherine flat out rejects the request and cites the fact that the company has a salary freeze for all employees. In this situation, Katherine is using which type of power to make this decision?

Answers

Answer:

Legitimate power.

Explanation:

Legitimate power is one that a person hold as a result of their position in an organisation.

They formally hold a position if authority that enables them exercise such power.

For example in the community the police has the authority to arrest law offenders.

This type of authority tends to be on official matters that have a set guideline.

In the given scenario Katherine rejects Alisa’s request for a 7% wage increase for workers with seniority and cites the fact that the company has a salary freeze for all employees.

The freeze is an official guideline in place within the organisation, and Katherine is enforcing it.

Suppose a tax of $5 per unit is imposed on a good, and the tax causes the equilibrium quantity of the good to decrease from 200 units to 100 units. The tax decreases consumer surplus by $450 and decreases producer surplus by $300. The deadweight loss from the tax is:_____

Answers

Answer:

$250

Explanation:

Deadweight loss from the tax = 1/2*Tax rate*(Quantity change)

Deadweight loss from the tax = 1/2* $5 * (200-100)

Deadweight loss from the tax = 1/2* $5 * 100

Deadweight loss from the tax = $250

Thus, the deadweight loss from the tax is $250

Which option is appropriate for an organization, like an airline, that cannot tolerate any downtime or any loss of data

Answers

Question Completion:

Options:

A.  Any of the three choices is appropriate.  

B.  Real-time mirroring

C. Cold site

D.  Hot site

Answer:

The appropriate option for an organization, like an airline, that cannot tolerate any downtime or any loss of data is:

B.  Real-time mirroring

Explanation:

Real-time mirroring copies data in real-time from one storage device to another storage device. This ensures that the copied data is an exact copy of the data from the original device.   Where office space is needed because of a disaster, a cold site is appropriate. On the other hand, a hot site is a commercial disaster recovery service for continued computer and data processing operations.

Demand forecasting is the process of creating statements about ____________ of demand that are ______________.

a. future realizations, currently uncertain
b. current uncertainties, future realized
c. current realizations, future realized
d. future uncertainties, currently realized

Answers

Answer:

a. future realizations, currently uncertain

Explanation:

Demand forecasting is the process where the demand is forecasted based on the past sales so that the estimation of the customer demand could be done. It tells the value of the goods and services that the customer will buy in near future

So according to the given options, the first option is correct as it is based on the future i.e. totally uncertain

Therefore the first option is to be chosen

An engineer who is now 65 years old began planning for retirement 40 years ago. At that time, he thought that if he had $1 million when he retired, he would have more than enough money to live his remaining life in luxury. Assume the inflation rate over the 40-year time period averaged a constant 4% per year.

Required:
a. What is the CV purchasing power of his $1 million at age 65?
b. How many future dollars should he have accumulated over the 40 years to have a CV purchasing power equal to $1.9 million at his current age of 65?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "$208,289.045 and $9,121,939.2"

Explanation:

In point a:

40 years before CV buying power:  

[tex]= \frac{\$ \ 1,000,000}{(1 + 4.00\%) ^ {40}}\\\\= \frac{\$ \ 1,000,000}{4.80102063}\\\\= \$ \ 208,289.045[/tex]

CV buying power was $208,289.045 and for 40 years before the start of each year forty years ago.

In point b:

Power CV = $1.9 million

Future accumulated value:

[tex]= \$ \ 1,900,000 \times (1 + 4.00 \%) ^ {40}\\\\= \$ \ 1,900,000 \times 4.80102063\\\\= \$ \ 9,121,939.2[/tex]

The future accumulated value will be= $9,121,939.2.

In December 2005: Currency held by individuals and businesses, $724 billion Money market funds and other deposits, $711 billion. Savings deposits, $3,622 billion Time deposits, $974 billion Checkable deposits owned by individuals and businesses, $638 billion Traveler's checks held by individuals and businesses, $7 billion Calculate Ml and M2 in December 2005. M1 in December 2005 was $______ billion. M2 in December 2005 was $ ______billion.

Answers

Answer:

M1 = $1,369M2 = $6,676

Explanation:

M1 and M2 are both definitions of money.

M1 refers to the most liquid cash which includes actual currency, checkable deposits and Traveler's checks.

M2 is M1 in addition to Savings deposits, time deposits and Money market funds

M1 = 724 + 638 + 7

= $1,369

M2 = 1,369 + 3,622 + 974 + 711

= $‭6,676‬

Company A provides corn to Company B to make into corn syrup. Company B sells its corn syrup to Company C, who makes ice cream for sale at Company D. Company D is a ___________ in the supply chain of ice cream.

A. tier 2 supplier

B. tier 1 supplier

C. retailer

D. manufacturer

Answers

Answer: C. retailer

Explanation:

Company D is a retailer because retailers are the ones that sell the final product and from the scenario depicted, the final product is ice cream and therefore it being sold by Company D makes them the retailer.

Tier 2 suppliers supply raw materials so that is company A. Tier 1 process raw materials so that is Company B and the manufacturer is evidently Company C which made the ice cream to be sold by D.

A stock has had returns of 16 percent, 23 percent, 15 percent, −11 percent, 30 percent, and −5 percent over the last six years.What are the arithmetic and geometric returns for the stock? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Arithmetic return % Geometric return %

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The computation of the arithmetic and geometric return for the stock is shown below:

Arithmetic return is

= (16% + 23% + 15% - 11% + 30% - 5%) ÷ 6

= 11.33%

And,

Geometric return is

= ((1 + 16%) × (1 + 23%) × (1 + 15%) × (1 - 11%) × (1 + 30%) × (1 - 5%))^(1 ÷ 6) - 1

= 10.33%

The same is to be considered

Favorable volume variances may be harmful when:
1) machine repairs cause work stoppages.
2) supervisors fail to maintain an even flow of work.
3) production in excess of normal capacity cannot be sold.
4) there are insufficient sales orders to keep the factory operating at normal capacity.

Answers

Answer: production in excess of normal capacity cannot be sold.

Explanation:

We say that there's a favorable volume variance in a situation whereby the production that's budgeted is less than the actual production.

Favorable volume variances may be harmful when production in excess of normal capacity cannot be sold. This is because since it can't be sold, this can bring about losses to the business.

Mitchell Co. has $1.1 million of debt, $3 million of preferred stock, and $3.3 million of common equity. What would be its weight on common equity

Answers

Answer:

0.45

Explanation:

Calculation for What would be its weight on common equity

Using this formula

Weight on common equity= Common equity/(Debt+Preferred stock+Common equity+ )

Let plug in the formula

Weight on common equity=$3.3 million /($1.1 million +$3 million +$3.3 million)

Weight on common equity=$3.3 million/$7.4 million

Weight on common equity=0.45

Therefore What would be its weight on common equity is 0.45

(Cost of debt) Sincere Stationery Corporation needs to raise $500,000 to improve its manufacturing plant. It has decided to issue a $1,000 par value bond with a 14 percent annual coupon rate and a 10-year maturity. The investors require a 9 percent rate of return. a. Compute the market value of the bonds. b. What will the net price be if flotation costs are 10.5 percent of the market price?

Answers

Answer:

a. $1,320.88

b.  $1,182.19

Explanation:

The computation is shown below:

a. For market value of the bond

Given that

Rate = 9%

NPER = 10

PMT = $1,000 * 14% = $140

FV = $1,000

The formula is shown below:

= -PV(RATE;NPER;PMT;FV;TYPE)

After applying the above formula, the present value is $1,320.88 i.e. equivalent to the market value of the bonds

b. Now the net price be

= Market price × (1 - flotation cost)

= $1,320.88 × (1 - 0.105)

= $1,182.19

Charles goes to Gamestop with only $50. They have the new Call of Duty for

$49.99 or a sale on controllers for $35. Since the controller was on sale, he

decides to buy it.

Answers

Answer:

Opportunity cost of call of duty = $14.99 (Negative effect)

Explanation:

Given:

Cost of call of duty = $49.99

Cost of controller = $35

Find:

Opportunity cost of call of duty

Computation:

Opportunity cost of call of duty = Cost of call of duty - Cost of controller

Opportunity cost of call of duty = $49.99 - $35

Opportunity cost of call of duty = $14.99 (Negative effect)

If we are given a periodic interest rate, say a monthly rate, we can find the nominal annual rate by multiplying the periodic rate by the number of periods per year. a. True b. False

Answers

Answer:

a. True

Explanation:

A periodic interest rate can be defined as an interest rate that is realizable on an investment such as securities (bonds) or charged on a loan over a specific period of time.

Mathematically, it is given by the formula;

[tex] Periodic \; interest \; rate = \frac {annual \; interest \; rate}{number \; of \; compounding \; periods} [/tex]

Hence, if we are given a periodic interest rate, say a monthly rate, we can find the nominal annual rate by multiplying the periodic rate by the number of periods per year.

Bond A sells at $975. Bond B sells at $1010. Both bonds have a coupon rate of 4%. All else equal, which bond has more interest rate risk?

Answers

Answer:

Bond A

Explanation:

Interest rate risk is the likelihood of loss to bondholders emanating from an increase in a bond's market interest rate which is also the yield to maturity.

However, a bond is issued at a premium when its market interest rate is lower than the coupon rate and at a discount when the reverse is the case.

In this instance, bond A was issued at a discount  while B was issued at a premium, hence, the market interest rate of Bond A is higher and it has a higher interest rate risk due to its yield to maturity which made it trade at a discount to the face value of $1000 per bond

Feeling "He who does the work of the King ought to be King," Pope Zacharias helped whom become King of the Franks in 751?

a. Charles Martel
b. Childeric
c. Pepin the Short

Answers

Answer:

(C) Pepin The Short

Explanation:

In 741AD, Pepin took over from his father as Mayor of the Palace. He ruled alongside his elder brother.

In 743AD, Pepin and his brother chose Childeric to be the apparent King of the Franks. Both brothers still wielded the functional power to the throne. Childeric was just to 'appear to be' the King (unknown to him though).

In 747AD, Pepin's brother stepped down (intentionally and on his own accord). Pepin then became the only ruler of the entire Frankish territory.

In 751AD, Pepin, without full support from his clan, lured Childeric into monastery in order to remove him as the 'face of Francia'.

Pope Zacharias helped Pepin to be proclaimed King of the Franks, against all opposition.

what are the intangible property that is protected by law which an enterpreneur should consider when starting up a business​

Answers

Answer:

Several types of intanigle property, also known as intangible assets, are protected by law. The three main types are: copyrights, patents, and trademarks.

A copyright is a protection of a creative work like a book, a song, or a film

A patent is a legal protection for a scientific or technological invetion.

And a trademark is a protection of a phrase, name, brand, or symbol that identifies a particular company.

A company issues bonds with a $100,000 par value, an 8% annual contract rate, semiannual interest payments, and a five year life. The bonds sold for $107,850. The entry to record the issuance of the bonds will include

Answers

Answer:

a. A credit to Premium on Bond Payable $7,850

Multiple-choices

a. A credit to Premium on Bonds Payable of $7,850.

b. A debit to Discount on Bonds Payable of $7,850

c. A credit to Cash of $100.000.

d. A credit to Bonds Payable of $107850

Explanation:

Bonds issued at a premium mean a customer pays a higher price than the face value.  In this case, the premium amount is the difference between $107,850 and $100,000.  When bonds are issued at a premium,  the premium amount is debited to a premium bond account.  

The bonds issued by Stainless Tubs bear a 6 percent coupon, payable semiannually. The bonds mature in 11 years and have a $1,000 face value. Currently, the bonds sell for $989. What is the yield to maturity

Answers

Answer:

The annual YTM will be = 6.133735546% rounded off to 6.13%

Explanation:

The yield to maturity or YTM is the yield or return that an investor can earn on the bond if the bond is purchased today and is held till the bond matures. The formula to calculate the Yield to maturity of a bond is as follows,

YTM = [ ( C + (F - P / n))  /  (F + P / 2) ]

Where,

C is the coupon payment

F is the Face value of the bond

P is the current value of the bond

n is the number of years to maturity

 

Coupon payment = 1000 * 0.06 * 6/12 = 30

Number of periods remaining till maturity = 11 * 2 = 22

semi annual YTM = [ (30 + (1000 - 989 / 22))  /  (1000 + 989 / 2)

semi annual YTM = 0.03066867773 or 3.066867773% rounded off to 3.07%

The annual YTM will be = 3.066867773% * 2 = 6.133735546% rounded off to 6.13%

Mesa Corp. allocates overhead to production on the basis of direct labor costs Mesa's total estimated overhead is $450,000 and estimated direct labor is $180,000. Determine the amount of overhead to allocated to finished goods inventory if there is $20,000 of total direct labor cost in the cost in the jobs in the finished goods inventory. A. $8,000 B. $20,000 C. $70,000 D. $50,000 E. $90,000

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is D. $50,000.

Explanation:

This can be calculated using the following formula:

Overhead allocated to finished goods inventory = (Total direct labor cost in the cost in the jobs in the finished goods inventory / Estimated direct labor) * Total estimated overhead ................. (1)

Where;

Total direct labor cost in the cost in the jobs in the finished goods inventory = $20,000

Estimated direct labor = $180,000

Total estimated overhead = $450,000

Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:

Overhead allocated to finished goods inventory = ($20,000 / $180,000) * $450,000 = 0.111111111111111 * $450,000 = $50,000

Therefore, the correct option is D. $50,000.

If a one-year bond has a face value of $5,000 and is sold for $4,500, what is the interest rate on the bond?

Answers

Answer:

11.1%

Explanation:

The face value is $5000

It is sold for $4,500

Therefore the interest rate of this bond can be calculated as follows

$5000-$4500

= 500

500/4500 × 100

= 0.111 × 100

= 11.1%

Hence the interest rate is 11.1%

Hadi makes wooden souvenirs to sell them during Baalbek festivals. Hadi believes if he puts more effort his small business will grow up, thus he increases the working hour of each worker from 50 hours per month to 60 hours per month. Hadi is interested in determining his productivity, He has the following data:
Month 1 Month 2
Output 250 units 320 unit

Worker 4 employees, cost per hour $5 4 employees, cost per hour $5

Overhead Expenses $600 $700
Find the worker productivity per dollar of Month 1 (6 points) *
None of the above
1.25
0.25
12.5
Find the change in worker productivity per labor hour. (6 points) *
6.7%
6.4%
6.5%
6.6%
Find the total productivity of Month 2. (6 points) *
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.18
Find the change of the total productivity (7 points) *
6.7%
6.5%
6.8%
6.6%

Answers

Answer:

1.25

6.4%

0.17

not sure of the last one

Explanation:

Knowledge Check 01 An unfavorable variance of $5,000 in cost of goods sold is determined by comparing the actual results (10,000 units) and the flexible budget (10,000 units). What type of variance is described?a. Activity variance b. Spending variance c. Revenue variance

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is b. Spending variance.

Explanation:

Spending variance can be described as the difference between the actual cost and budgeted cost at the actual activity level.

Since cost of goods sold (COGS) is the direct costs incurred to produce the goods that is sold by a firm, it therefore implies that the amount of variance in cost of goods sold can be determined by comparing the actual results and the flexible budget at the actual activity level or actual units.

Based on the explanation above, the correct option is b. Spending variance. That is, Spending variance is an unfavorable variance of $5,000 in cost of goods sold is determined by comparing the actual results (10,000 units) and the flexible budget (10,000 units).

Assets Liabilities
1 Short-term consumer loans (one-year maturity) $150 1 Equity capital (fixed) $120
2 Long-term consumer loans 125 2 Demand deposits (two-year maturity) 40
3 Three-month Treasury bills 130 3 Passbook savings 130
4 Six-month Treasury notes 135 4 Three-month CDs 140
5 Three-year Treasury bond 170 5 Three-month bankers acceptances 120
6 10-year, fixed-rate mortgages 120 6 Six-month commercial paper 160
7 30-year, floating-rate mortgages (rate adjusted every nine months) 140 7 One-year time deposits 120
8 Two-year time deposits 40
$970 $970

Required:
Suppose that interest rates rise by 2 percent on both RSAs and RSLs. The expected annual change in net interest income of the bank is:______

Answers

Answer: $300,000

Explanation:

One year Rate Sensitive Assets (RSA) = Short term consumer loans (one year maturity) + Three month treasury bills + Six month treasury notes + 30 year floating rate mortgages ( rate adjusted every nine months)

= 150 + 130 + 135 + 140

= $555 million

One Year Rate Sensitive liabilities (RSL)  = Three month CDs + Three month bankers acceptances + Six month commercial paper + One year time deposits

= 140 + 120 + 160 + 120

= $540 million

RSA - RSL = 555 - 540 = $15 million

Change in interest income = Difference between RSA and RSL * change in interest rates

= 15,000,000 * 2%

= $300,000

Some people claim to have found physical evidence for the existence of the soul. Duncan McDougall, for example, placed dying people on a very precise scale and found that they lost between ¾ oz. and 1½ oz. at the moment of death. Does this prove the existence of a Cartesian soul? (Descartes' conception of the mind/soul).

Answers

Answer:

No

Explanation:

The information that Duncan McDougall has discovered does not prove the existence of a Cartesian Soul because it does not clearly tie the missing weight to the soul. Other scientists believe that the lost weight upon death is simply due to the body's excessive sweating and that the lost weight can be accounted for as liquids that have left the body and not a Cartesian Soul. Therefore, unless there is a clear and undeniable link between the lost body weight and a Cartesian Soul it does not prove anything.

(Preferred stock valuation​) You are considering an investment in one of two preferred​ stocks, TCF Capital or TAYC Capital Trust. TCF Capital pays an annual dividend of $2.16​, while TAYC Capital pays an annual dividend of $1.94. If your required return is 11​percent, what value would you assign to the​ stocks?
The value of the TCF Capital preferred stock is $______ per share

Answers

Answer:

Price of TCF Capital = $19.6363 rounded off to $19.64

Price of TAYC Capital = $17.6363 rounded off to $17.64

Explanation:

The value of current price of a preferred stock can be calculated using the formula for perpetuity. A preferred stock qualifies as perpetuity because its dividend payments are of a constant amount, are paid after equal intervals of time and are for an indefinite time period. The formula for price of the stock is as follows,

P0 = Dividend / r

Where,

r is the required rate of return

Price of TCF Capital = 2.16 / 0.11

Price of TCF Capital = $19.6363 rounded off to $19.64

Price of TAYC Capital = 1.94 / 0.11

Price of TAYC Capital = $17.6363 rounded off to $17.64

What is the line manger

Answers

Answer:

it a person that is in line to be the nexted manger

Explanation:

The four major expenditure categories of GDP are: Group of answer choices consumption, government purchases, taxes, and investment. consumption, investment, taxes, and net exports. consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports. consumption, imports, exports, and government purchases. consumption, investment, government purchases, and stocks.

Answers

Answer:

consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports.

Explanation:

The Gross Domestic Products (GDP) is the measure of the total market value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period.

Simply stated, GDP is a measure of the total income of all individuals in an economy and the total expenses incurred on the economy's output of goods and services in a particular country. The Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of a country's economy gives an insight to it's social well-being.

Basically, the four major expenditure categories of GDP are consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports.

A produce distributor uses 776 packing crates a month, which it purchases at a cost of $9 each. The manager has assigned an annual carrying cost of 36 percent of the purchase price per crate. Ordering costs are $31. Currently the manager orders once a month. How much could the firm save annually in ordering and carrying costs by using the EOQ? (Round intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the "$" sign in your response.) Savings $_________ per year

Answers

Answer:

$261.42

Explanation:

economic order quantity (EOQ) = √(2SD/H)

S = cost per order = $31

D = annual demand = 776 x 12 = 9,312

H = holding cost = $9 x 36% = $3.24

EOQ = √[(2 x $31 x 9,312) / $3.24] = √178,192.59 = 422.13 ≈ 422

total ordering and holding costs considering EOQ:

ordering costs = (9,312 / 422) x $31 = $684.06

holding costs = $3.24 x (422/2) = $683.64

total = $1,367.70

current costs:

ordering costs = $31 x 12 = $372

holding costs = $3.24 x (776/2) = $1,257.12

total = $1,629.12

annual savings = $1,629.12 - $1,367.70 = $261.42

If your nominal rate of return is 14.38 percent and your real rate of return is 4.97 percent, what is the inflation rate

Answers

Answer:

try 1.35

Explanation:

Amy is single. During 2020, she determined her adjusted gross income was $12,000. During the year, Amy also contributed $2,500 to a Roth IRA. What is the maximum saver's credit she may claim for the year

Answers

Answer:

$1,000

Explanation:

Calculation for the maximum saver's credit she may claim for the year

For us to know the maximum saver's credit amount that she may claim for the year we have to know the standard maximum contribution amount that is eligibe for the maximum saver's credit which is the amount of $2,000 and then we multiply the amount by the standard filing status and AGI percentage which is 50%

Hence:

Maximum saver's credit=$2,000*50%

Maximum saver's credit=$1,000

Therefore the maximum saver's credit she may claim for the year will be $1,000

Other Questions
An operator trainee is attempting to monitor a filling process that has an overall average of 705 cc. The average range is 17 cc. If you use a sample size of 6, what are the upper and lower control limits for an R-chart? The most basic definition of cellular respiration is that it is cells breaking down food to make energy. True or false? In the reaction given below, 23.5 grams of iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) are reacted with excess carbon. What is the theoretical yield of iron metal?2 Fe2O3 + 3 C --> 4 Fe + 3 CO2If 14.5 grams of iron are recovered when the reaction is complete, what is the percent yield? **Both answer should be written as XX.X 3. Read the conjecture below. Select all of the true statements about this conjecture. If you multiply two numbers, then the product is greater than either number. Select all that apply. a. This conjecture is true. For example, (7)(4) = 28. The product of 28 is greater than 7 and greater than 4. b. This conjecture is false. There is a counterexample that would prove this conjecture false. c. This conjecture is false: . d. There is not enough information. i need helpWhich factors are most likely to limit the growth of the coral reef in the Caribbean? (4 points) aHigh rainfall and clear waters bLow rainfall and excessive sunlight cHigh moisture and excessive sunlight dExtreme temperature and cloudy waters A lamppost casts a shadow that is 15 yards long. A 3-foot-tall mailbox casts a shadow that is 5 yards long. How tall is the lamppost?The lampost is feet tall. Which of the following missions was locatednearest the presidio at La Baha?A. Espiritu Santo deZuigadB. San Juan Bautistac.C. San Francisco de losTejasD. San Antonio deValero Why was this congressional structure created by the framers of the Constitution? At least I tried!.....#DareCompleted Evaluate the expression 16 + 36 = b for b = 4 Given that YX=YZ write an inequality that relates m Why does Ms. Ofrah wonder if Devante got caught up in the riots? The hate you give Bob paid $5.60 for 0.8 lb of fresh peaches.How much would 3.25 lb of peaches cost? What is the slope of the line?answer Different literary forms tend to rely on different elements to express theme. How might a fairy tale express theme differently than a poem?A.The fairy tale would rely more on plot events to express theme while the poem would emphasize key images or repeat key words or phrases.B.The fairy tale would use character development as the main means of showing theme, and the poem would rely on the setting.C.The fairy tale would emphasize the significance of language, and the poem would rely more on plot development.D.The fairy tale would use mostly setting details to express theme, and the poem would focus more on character development. A number c is more than 20 358+8-90 alguien de Mxico para hacer la amigacion por aqui? What should be considered about the roles of women in feudal Japan to understand the context of The Pillow Book? courseAn Egyptian company buying shares in Namibia is a good example of foreign direct investment.O a. TrueO b. Falseon Top choiceName of bankType of accountIs there monthly feeIs there minimum balanceWhats the limit on the number of transactionsFree ATM accessOnline and Mobile accessWhats the interest rate?AdvantagesDisadvantages