We know that water is tasteless, odorless, and transparent. In small quantities, it is also colorless. However, when a large amount of water is observed, as in a lake or the ocean, it is actually light blue in color. The blue hue of water is an intrinsic property and is caused by selective absorption and scattering of white light. These and other properties of water depend on its chemical structure.The transparency of water is important for organisms that live in water. Because water is transparent, sunlight can pass through it. Sunlight is needed by water plants and other water organisms for photosynthesis.Chemical Structure of WaterEach molecule of water consists of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen, so it has the chemical formula H2O. The arrangement of atoms in a water molecule explains many of water’s chemical properties. In each water molecule, the nucleus of the oxygen atom (with 8 positively charged protons) attracts electrons much more strongly than do the hydrogen nuclei (with only one positively charged proton). This results in a negative electrical charge near the oxygen atom (due to the "pull" of the negatively charged electrons toward the oxygen nucleus) and a positive electrical charge near the hydrogen atoms. A difference in electrical charge between different parts of a molecule is called polarity. A polar molecule is a molecule in which part of the molecule is positively charged and part of the molecule is negatively charged.
•Hydrogen Bonding-
Opposite electrical charges attract one another. Therefore, the positive part of one water molecule is attracted to the negative parts of other water molecules. Because of this attraction, bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. This type of bond always involves a hydrogen atom, so it is called a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are bonds between molecules, and they are not as strong as bonds within molecules. Nonetheless, they help hold water molecules together.
•Sticky, Wet Water-
Water has some unusual properties due to its hydrogen bonds. One property is cohesion, the tendency for water molecules to stick together. The cohesive forces between water molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension. The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface. For example, if you drop a tiny amount of water onto a very smooth surface, the water molecules will stick together and form a droplet, rather than spread out over the surface. The same thing happens when water slowly drips from a leaky faucet. The water doesn't fall from the faucet as individual water molecules but as droplets of water.
•Density of Ice and Water-
The melting point of water is 0°C. Below this temperature, water is a solid (ice). Unlike most chemical substances, water in a solid state has a lower density than water in a liquid state. This is because water expands when it freezes. Again, hydrogen bonding is the reason. Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to line up less efficiently in ice than in liquid water. As a result, water molecules are spaced farther apart in ice, giving ice a lower density than liquid water. A substance with lower density floats on a substance with higher density. This explains why ice floats on liquid water, whereas many other solids sink to the bottom of liquid water.In a large body of water, such as a lake or the ocean, the water with the greatest density always sinks to the bottom. Water is most dense at about 4°C. As a result, the water at the bottom of a lake or the ocean usually has temperature of about 4°C. In climates with cold winters, this layer of 4°C water insulates the bottom of a lake from freezing temperatures. Lake organisms such as fish can survive the winter by staying in this cold, but unfrozen, water at the bottom of the lake.
Hope it helps
When a certain isotope, such as Pa-231, is hit by a neutron, it will always split into the same smaller nuclei.
true or false
Answer: false
Explanation:
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Which of the above represents a cell in an
isotonic solution?
B
А
C
Answer:
B
Explanation:
When an ionic compound forms, the ions come together so that the compound is _____.
Answer:
The awnser is Ionic bond
10 liters of liquid CCl4 has density of 1.59 g/cm3. What is the mole of CCl4?
[tex]\huge\color{pink}\boxed{\colorbox{Black}{♔︎Answer♔︎}}[/tex]
[tex] \huge\blue{Given}[/tex]
molar mass of CCl4 = 154
density = 1.59 g/cm³
volume = 10 liters
[tex]\huge{\color{magenta}{\fbox{\textsf{\textbf{Solution}}}}}[/tex]
[tex]mass = \frac{density}{volume} \\ mass = \frac{1.59}{10 \times 1000} \\ mass \: = \: 1.59 \times {10}^{ - 4} \\ \\ moles = \frac{mass}{molar \: mass} \\ moles = 0.01 \times {10}^{ - 4} [/tex]
What is the name of the zone of life on earth ?
a . atmosphere
b . biosphere
c . lithosphere
d . magnetosphere
Answer:
B. Biosphere
Explanation:
what is the molecular formula for sodium sulphur and oxygen
Answer: Na2SO4
The molecular formula for sodium sulphur and oxygen is: (Na2SO4)
, Hope this helps :)
Have a great day!!
What happens to the 3 carbons in the krebs cycle.
Answer:
Tthe 3-carbon pyruvate molecule made in glycolysis loses a carbon to produce a new, 2-carbon molecule called acetyl CoA. The carbon that is removed takes two oxygens from pyruvate with it, and exits the body as carbon dioxide (CO 2start subscript, 2, end subscriptt).
Explanation:
Which describes an element?
They cannot be broken down any further.
They can combine with other elements to form atoms.
They were all discovered at the same time.
They were created in the Earth’s core.
Answer:
They cannot be broken down any further
Explanation:
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler format. They are distinguished by a unique atomic number. The elements are organized by their atomic number in the periodic table, which highlights elements with similar properties.
please guys help me with number 1
Answer:
Paracetamol
Formula
C8H9NO2
what are anibiotcs made of
just interested
Answer:
please mark as brainliest
Explanation:
Any substance that inhibits the growth and replication of a bacterium or kills it outright can be called an antibiotic. Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial designed to target bacterial infections within (or on) the body. This makes antibiotics subtly different from the other main kinds of antimicrobials widely used today:
Antiseptics are used to sterilise surfaces of living tissue when the risk of infection is high, such as during surgery.
Disinfectants are non-selective antimicrobials, killing a wide range of micro-organisms including bacteria. They are used on non-living surfaces, for example in hospitals.
Of course, bacteria are not the only microbes that can be harmful to us. Fungi and viruses can also be a danger to humans, and they are targeted by antifungals and antivirals, respectively. Only substances that target bacteria are called antibiotics, while the name antimicrobial is an umbrella term for anything that inhibits or kills microbial cells including antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals and chemicals such as antiseptics.
Most antibiotics used today are produced in laboratories, but they are often based on compounds scientists have found in nature. Some microbes, for example, produce substances specifically to kill other nearby bacteria in order to gain an advantage when competing for food, water or other limited resources. However, some microbes only produce antibiotics in the laboratory
Answer:
Antibiotics commonly are produced by soil microorganisms and probably represent a means by which organisms in a complex environment, such as soil, control the growth of competing microorganisms. Microorganisms that produce antibiotics useful in preventing or treating disease include the bacteria and the fungi.
Explanation:
source: trust me bro
I need help with this! I don't fully understand it
Answer:
1. highest is 25.7c° and lowest is 20.0c°
2.Is Exothermic. An Endothermic Reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of light or heat. In it, the energy or enthalpy of the reactants is less than that of the products. An Exothermic Reaction is a chemical reaction that gives off energy in the form of light or heat.
3. Reactans.
4. The substance(s) to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation are called reactants. A reactant is a substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction. The substance(s) to the right of the arrow are called products . A product is a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.
What are the two ways in which cellular processes can be regulated?
Answer:
Homeostasis to photosynthesis and anaerobic respiration to aerobic respiration.
which atoms typically form stable structures that are an exception to the octet rule
Mix nails with stones. How could you quickly separate the nails from the stones?
Explanation:
Mix cold water and flour in a jar. Stir very well. After a few minutes, you can see sediments
at the bottom of the jar. How could you separate the sediments from the water?
3. After the members of the family ate different kinds of fruits, you gathered the seeds. You
mixed them in a basin. Later on, your mother instructed you to separate each kind of seed.
How will you separate each kind of seed?
4. Mix sand and water in a basin. After five minutes, try to separate the sand from the water.
How will you do this?
5. Dissolve one teaspoon of sugar in a cup of water (mixture of solid and liquid.) After three
minutes, separate the sugar from the water. How will you do it?
SANA PO MASAGOTAN NYU NG TAMA
For the reaction, calculate how many moles of the product form when 0.046 mol of O2 completely reacts.
Assume that there is more than enough of the other reactant.
2Ca(s)+O2(g)→2CaO(s)
Express your answer using two significant figures.
Answer: 0.023 moles of CaO.
Explanation:
The balanced equation tells us that we'll get 2 moles of CaO for every one mole of O2. Since we have 0.046 moles of O2, we'll get 0.023 moles of CaO. (2 sig figs)
I need the answer of these questions
Answer:
36. B, LATTICE
35. A, COVALENT
38. B, TRIPLE COVALENT
Explanation:
36: Lattice- Sodium chloride is taken as a typical ionic compound.
35. covalent - the interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. The binding arises from the electrostatic attraction of their nuclei for the same electrons.
38. TRIPLE COVALENT- because each nitrogen atom needs three electrons to fill its outermost shell.
-----
I hope it help
How are covelant and ionic bonds different and what types of elements combine to form each?
Answer:
Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
Explanation:
In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons, whereas in ionic bonds atoms transfer electrons. The reaction components of covalent bonds are electrically neutral, whereas for ionic bonds they are both charged.Covalent bonds are formed between two non-metals, whereas ionic bonds are formed between a metal and non-metal.
Answer:
Covalent bonds are defined as sharing of electrons, ionic bonds are the result of transferred electrons;
Covalent bonds form between non-metals (elements) and ionic bonds form between metal and non-metals (ions)
¿Quién estableció el concepto moderno de elemento?
Answer:
Robert Boyle
Explanation:
En muchos textos se suele considerar a Robert Boyle como el científico que introdujo en la Química un concepto de elemento diferente al empleado por los aristotélicos o por los alquimistas y que sirvió de antecedente al que formulara Lavoisier en 1789.
How many moles of methane are produced when 25. 1 moles of carbon dioxide gas react with excess hydrogen gas.
Answer:
25.1 moles
Hence it can be seen that when 25.1 moles of carbon dioxide gas react with excess hydrogen gas, 25.1 moles of methane gas are produced.
What is infrared energy? simplify it
Answer:
It is a type of radiant energy that's invisible to human eyes but that we can feel as heat.
How many atoms are in 2.05 g of Na?
How many grams are in 4.5 x 1025 atoms of P?
THIS IS UR ANSWERPLS MARK ME AS BRAINLIEST..
Draw the structures of the compounds
1. 2,4-dimethylhexane
2. 3,3-diethyl-4-methyl-5propyloctane
Please I need help
Answer:
Explanation:
2,4 di methyl means that there are 2 methyl groups on the 2 and 4 carbons. hexane means there are 6 carbons in total for the carbon chain
first pic
3,3 diethyl means there are 2 ethyl groups on the 3 carbon chain. 4 mthyl means 1 methyl group on the 4 carbon chain, 5 propyloctane means that there are 1 propylo on the 5 carbon chain. and that the carbon chain is a octane meaning 8 carbons.
second pic
Help please, take a screenshot who will answer will be brainiest.
Answer:
1:
•a typical metal tends to have a higher melting and boiling point than a typical non metal which has a low melting and boiling point
•a typical metal tends to have a shiny appearance than a typical non metal which has a dull apearance
•and finally, a typical metal is a good conductor of electricity and heat while a typical non metal isn't
2:
elements E and C
3:
a, it doesn't conduct electricity
b, it's a good conductor of heat/ has a high melting point/ has a high boiling point (you can choose either that sits right with you)
(only the rght letter and a explanation you don't really need the explanation ill give brainiest)
What happens when an electrically charged pencil is placed close to water running from a faucet?
A. The pencil attracts the water.
B. The pencil becomes positively charged.
C. The water attracts the pencil.
D. The water repels the pencil.
Answer:
Explanation:
Option c) The water attracts the pencil.
Pencils are though formed of wood that acts as a bad conductor of electricity, quite strangely pencils can be electrically charged.
Here pencils have non-metal carbons present in its graphite tip and this makes the pencils charged.
When this pencil is held near the water of the tap, the hydrogen ions get attracted and thereby the water gets attracted to the pencil.
Water, however, is an excellent conductor of electricity and therefore water and electricity are a dangerous combination.
How to determine intermolecular forces.
Answer:
Incase you have H and F and another H and F
What is the molar mass of an unknown gas with a density of 3.35 g/L at 1.00 atm and 25.0 °C
Answer:
[tex]\implies \sf D = \dfrac{PM}{RT}[/tex]
[tex]\implies \sf 3.35= \dfrac{1 \times M}{ \frac{1}{12} \times 298}[/tex]
[tex]\implies \sf 3.35= \dfrac{12\times M}{ 298}[/tex]
[tex]\implies \sf 3.35 \times 298= 12\times M[/tex]
[tex]\implies \sf 998.3= 12\times M[/tex]
[tex]\implies \sf M = \dfrac{998.3}{12} [/tex]
[tex]\implies \bf M = 83.1917 \: \frac{g}{mol} [/tex]
Question 4 of 5
Which characteristic describes the living things in the domain Eukarya?
A. They can be made up of prokaryotic cells.
B. They are made up of eukaryotic cells.
C. They are all multicellular organisms.
D. They are made up of cells that lack a nucleus.
SUBMIT
Answer:
he presence of nucleus which contains genetic material and is enclosed by a nuclear membrane sets them apart from prokaryotic cells. All complex organisms are eukaryotic and they reproduce by mitosis or meiosis. Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes.
Explanation:
I need helpppp pleaseeee!!
Answer:
Box#:
1:CoS
2:Co2S3
3:CoSO4
4:Co2(SO4)3
5:CoSO3
6:Co2(SO3)3
Explanation:
1:Co(II) is -2 and S is -2, so the charges cancel
2:Co(III) is -3 and is -2, so you cross the charges but do not reduce
3:Co(II) is -2 and SO4 is -2, so the charges cancel
4:Co(III) is -3 and SO4 is -2 so the charges cross but do not reduce
5:Co(II) is -2 and SO3 is -2 so the charges cancel
6:Co(III) is -3 and SO3 is -2 so the charges once again cross
Answer:
Cobalt (II) sulfide → CoS
Cobalt (III) sulfide → Co₂S₃
Cobalt (II) sulfate → CoSO₄
Cobalt (III) sulfate → Co₂(SO₄)₃
Cobalt (II) sulfite → CoSO₃
Cobalt (III) sulfite → Co₂(SO₃)₃
2. Choose the atom from each of the following pairs with the greater ionization energy: a. Be and Ba b. Al and Ar c. Ca and Cl
Considering the definition of ionization energy, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:
a. Be
b. Ar
c. Cl
Electrons are held in atoms by their attraction to the nucleus, which means that energy is needed to remove an electron from the atom.
You should keep in mind that the electrons of the last layer are always lost, because they are the weakest attracted to the nucleus.
Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the necessary energy that must be supplied to a neutral, gaseous, ground-state atom to remove an electron from an atom. When an electron is removed from a neutral atom, a cation with a charge equal to +1 is formed.
In a group, the ionization energy increases upwards because when passing from one element to the bottom, it contains one more layer of electrons. Therefore, the valence layer electrons, being further away from the nucleus, will be less attracted to it and it will cost less energy to pluck them.
In the same period, in general, it increases as you shift to the right. This is because the elements in this way have a tendency to gain electrons and therefore it will cost much more to tear them off than those on the left which, having few electrons in the last layer will cost them much less to lose them.
Considering all the above, from each of the pairs, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:
a. Be
b. Ar
c. Cl
Learn more:
brainly.com/question/16243729?referrer=searchResults brainly.com/question/11623163?referrer=searchResults brainly.com/question/1602374?referrer=searchResults7.
Wh
6
Which Lewis electron-dot diagram is correct for
CO2?
2-m
A :0
B.
:0:0:0
0:0
:
©:
::::C::0
D. 0
:0:0:
XX
Answer:
O=c=o
Explanation:
co2is nonpolar and it has linear molecular shape