how will an increase in number of malaria infection would affect the south african economy​

Answers

Answer 1
Malaria is one of the world's most serious tropical diseases and imposes very significant economic costs on some of the poorest nations on earth. This study estimates the direct and indirect costs of malaria to South Africa and examines the issues surrounding the use of DDT as an anti-malaria insecticide.

Early records of malaria cases by Europeans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries show that malaria was a severe inhibitor of economic development and caused large economic costs. The current malarial areas in South Africa today are about one fifth of the size they were at the beginning of the 20th century. The historical success in controlling malaria is due in very large part to the use of DDT in malaria vector control.

In recent years, however, there has been a sharp rise in the number of malaria cases in South Africa, and indeed throughout Southern Africa. This rise is due to a number of factors, such as high rainfall in recent years, increased migration and a reduction in the use of DDT in vector control. The rise in malaria cases imposes heavy costs on the local and national economies. The economic cost (direct costs include the costs of care and control of malaria, and indirect costs include the losses in productivity and lost future earnings from death) of malaria in South Africa is conservatively estimated to be around R124 million (US$20 million) in 1997/98. Malaria in selected Southern African countries could cost as much as US$1,000 million, or 4% of GDP in 1998. In South Africa, malaria usually occurs in rural areas with agricultural and labour intensive industries. The incidence of malaria in these areas has severe economic impacts and as in the past, continues to hamper economic development

For a number of reasons, DDT is being phased out of the malaria control programmes in South Africa. Numerous environmentalist organisations have lobbied strongly for the banning of DDT, despite the success of the insecticide in saving lives and preventing disease in developing countries. While DDT is not an ideal insecticide, it does have numerous advantages over the alternative insecticides and has a proven track record. Although DDT is currently used by a number of Southern African countries in malaria control programmes, the UNEP Governing Council is pressing for the banning of DDT and eleven other persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

The potential banning of DDT highlights a trend whereby environmental pressure from mostly developed countries imposes standards on developing countries where they are neither accepted nor appropriate. While there are alternatives to DDT, these are all more expensive and frequently more complicated to use than DDT. The banning of DDT would not only remove an important anti-malaria weapon, but will result in countless deaths and very significant economic costs (perhaps as much as US$480 million) on countries that can ill afford it. Hope this helps! Mark brainly!

Related Questions

What is the technical term for having too little oxygen in your tissues?

Answers

Answer: Hypoxia

Explanation:

Hypoxia or Hypoxemia

Hypoxemia (low oxygen in your blood) can cause hypoxia (low oxygen in your tissues) when your blood doesn't carry enough oxygen to your tissues to meet your body's needs. The word hypoxia is sometimes used to describe both problems.

Why is the structure of a
nucleosome so important?

Answers

Answer:

In eukaryotes, nucleosomes play major roles in chromatin organization and gene expression  

Explanation:

In eukaryotic organisms, chromosomal DNA is packaged with the help of proteins called 'histones' to form chromatin. The nucleosomes represent the basic packing units of the chromatin. Each nucleosome is composed of a histone octamer containing each two histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 wrapped around by 147 bp of DNA. Nucleosomes act as scaffolds to form higher-order chromatin structures (i.e., 30-nm chromatin fibers and condensed chromosomes). Moreover, nucleosome histone proteins can be chemically modified at defined amino acid residues, and thus nucleosomes also provide an epigenetic layer of information that can promote or inhibit gene expression.

which feature of a human is controlled by genes only

Answers

Interlocking fingers. Interlock fingers. ...
Ear lobes. ...
Widow's peak. ...
Tongue curling. ...
Hitch hiker's thumb. ...
Pigmented iris. ...
PTC tasting.
I think tongue curling

Why does DNA need to be replicated

Answers

Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell. ... Once the DNA in a cell is replicated, the cell can divide into two cells, each of which has an identical copy of the original DNA.

Answer:

DNA replication needs to occur because existing cells divide to produce new cells. Each cell needs a full instruction manual to operate properly. So the DNA needs to be copied before cell division so that each new cell receives a full set of instructions!

Explanation:

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.

The replication process relies on the fact that each strand of DNA can serve as a template for duplication. DNA replication initiates at specific points, called origins, where the DNA double helix is unwound. A short segment of RNA, called a primer, is then synthesized and acts as a starting point for new DNA synthesis. An enzyme called DNA polymerase next begins replicating the DNA by matching bases to the original strand. Once synthesis is complete, the RNA primers are replaced with DNA, and any gaps between newly synthesized DNA segments are sealed together with enzymes.

DNA replication is a crucial process; therefore, to ensure that mistakes, or mutations, are not introduced, the cell proofreads the newly synthesized DNA. Once the DNA in a cell is replicated, the cell can divide into two cells, each of which has an identical copy of the original DNA.

The __________ system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
A. nervous

B. circulatory

C. digestive

Answers

Answer:

A. Nervous

Explanation:

cmon man is this even a question??

Which statement best describes the observations made by students after spraying water on the model to simulate rain?

Answers

The answer is see I’m pretty sure but sorry if I’m wrong

Answer: the answer is surface runoff, you’re welcome

Explanation:

I just took this test and got a 100

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of
their
1) Size
2) Color
3) Chromosomes
O4) Functions

Answers

Answer:

1. Size

Explanation:

In gel electrophoresis, dna is separated by size. The largest goes to the top and the smallest to the bottom. Hope it helps :)

It’s 1 size and thank you



I hope it’s help

3 Calculate the acceleration of a car that went from zero to 60 m/s in 2.4 seconds Include units.​

Answers

Answer:

25m/s^2

Explanation:

acceleration= change in velocity/time

change in velocity is 60 (60-0)

Answer:

The answer to that question is...well...I have no idea .-. sorry.

Explanation:

describe the following interms of water cycle
(energy sources)
(carrier of nutrients)

Answers

Answer:

Of the many processes involved in the water cycle, the most important are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

Explanation:

1. The conversion of liquids into gas is termed

as Evaporation.

2. The conversion of Gas into liquids is called

Condensation.

3. The falling of water droplets in the form of

rain after condensation of clouds is called

Precipitation.

4. The cyclic exchange of water into its different

stages is called Water Cycle.

5. The amount of water vapor present in the

atmosphere is called the Humidity.

Please help me?? I need help labeling the graph using the word bank

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Oceanic PlateSubduction ZoneConvection CurrentsAsthenosphereContinental Plate

The Oceanic Plate is located near the ocean ridge. Which represents where magma creates new oceanic crust.

The Subduction Zone is where the tectonic plates meet.  These are called plate boundaries.  

Convection Currents are what drives the movement of rigid tectonic plates in Earth's molten mantle.

The Asthenosphere is the upper layer of the mantle. Which is below the lithosphere (Continental Plates).  

Continental Plates are the outer shell of the mantle.

Let me know if this helps!

Which of the following is a true statement?

A. Controlled experiments demonstrate that plants gain most of their mass from water.

B. Because matter cannot be created, plants must gain their mass from water, soil, or air.

C. Plants grow larger when planted in nutritious soil because they are taking in more mass from the nutrient-rich soil.

D. Plants gain most of their mass from water and the nutrients they absorb from the soil.

Answers

Answer:

C. Plants grow larger when planted in nutritious soil because they are taking in more mass from the nutrient-rich soil.

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

PS: PLEASE DO NOT PUT A LINK IN THE ANSWER SECTION!
although only 3%of earth's surface is covered with freshwater, where are these biomes found?
a. globally
b. asia
c. north and south america
d. europe and africa

Answers

Answer:

A Globally

Explanation:

i took the quiz and got it right.

Answer:

globally

Explanation:

They are spread out

¿Qué es una droga según la OMS?
¿Qué significa que la droga sea una sustancia psicoactiva?
¿Qué es una adicción?
¿Cuál es el efecto de las drogas depresoras?
¿Cuál es el efecto de las drogas estimulantes?
¿Cuál es el efecto de las drogas alucinógenas?
¿Qué es una droga legal?
¿Qué es el tabaquismo y cuáles son los daños a la salud que provocan?
¿Qué es el alcoholismo y cuáles son los daños que provocan a la salud?
¿Qué es la marihuana y qué efectos positivos y negativos provoca en la salud ?

Answers

Answer:

Uno... Una droga es cualquier sustancia (a excepción de los alimentos y el agua) que, cuando se ingiere, altera la función del cuerpo, ya sea física o psicológicamente. Las drogas pueden ser legales (por ejemplo, alcohol, cafeína y tabaco) o ilegales (por ejemplo, cannabis, éxtasis, cocaína y heroína).

Dos... Una droga u otra sustancia que afecta el funcionamiento del cerebro y provoca cambios en el estado de ánimo, la conciencia, los pensamientos, los sentimientos o el comportamiento. Ejemplos de sustancias psicoactivas incluyen alcohol, cafeína, nicotina, marihuana y ciertos analgésicos.

Tres... La adicción es un trastorno biopsicosocial que se caracteriza por el uso repetido de drogas o la participación repetitiva en un comportamiento como el juego, a pesar del daño a sí mismo y a los demás.

Cuatro... Cuando se usan depresores, los efectos a menudo incluyen ataxia, ansiolisis, alivio del dolor, sedación o somnolencia y deterioro cognitivo / de la memoria, así como en algunos casos euforia, disociación, relajación muscular, disminución de la presión arterial o frecuencia cardíaca, depresión respiratoria y anticonvulsivante. .efectos.

Cinco... Ansiedad; tensión; aumento de la temperatura corporal; náusea; temblor; convulsiones coma; muerte.

Seis... Los efectos de los alucinógenos, como el LSD, varían de persona a persona y dependen de la cantidad que se ingiera.

Siete... Las drogas legales son aquellas que se pueden vender, poseer y usar legalmente, aunque a menudo con ciertas restricciones. Incluyen tabaco, alcohol, cafeína, sustancias volátiles y medicamentos de venta libre y recetados. 2 Las drogas ilegales o controladas son aquellas cuya venta, posesión o uso constituye un.

Ocho... Fumar, el acto de inhalar y exhalar los vapores de material vegetal en llamas. Se fuma una variedad de materiales vegetales, incluida la marihuana y el hachís, pero el acto se asocia más comúnmente con el tabaco que se fuma en un cigarrillo, cigarro o pipa. Fumar causa cáncer, enfermedades cardíacas, accidentes cerebrovasculares, enfermedades pulmonares, diabetes y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), que incluye enfisema y bronquitis crónica. Fumar también aumenta el riesgo de tuberculosis, ciertas enfermedades oculares y problemas del sistema inmunológico, incluida la artritis reumatoide.

Nueve... Los órganos que se sabe que están dañados por el abuso de alcohol a largo plazo incluyen el cerebro y el sistema nervioso, el corazón, el hígado y el páncreas. El consumo excesivo de alcohol también puede aumentar la presión arterial y los niveles de colesterol en sangre, los cuales son factores de riesgo importantes de ataques cardíacos y accidentes cerebrovasculares.

Diez... Los aspectos positivos y negativos: Cómo la marihuana afecta su cerebro y su cuerpo ... También puede acelerar la pérdida de células cerebrales relacionada con la edad, aunque se ha demostrado que la marihuana ... El alcohol y los cigarrillos tienen efectos adversos para la salud mucho peores.

Espero haber ayudado!!!

two reasons wy it's important to conserve Soth Africa's plants and animals​

Answers

Answer:

The benefits of conserving biodiversity are numerous. A large proportion of South Africa's population are directly dependent upon biological resources for subsistence purposes, including the gathering, harvesting or hunting of animals and plants for food, medicine, shelter, fuel, building materials, and trade.

Explanation:

explain how the herbicide can inhibit the transport of minerals in the weed plants?​

Answers

Answer:

Herbicides kill or suppress plants by interfering with essential plant processes such as photosynthesis. All of the interactions between an herbicide and a plant from application to the final effect are referred to as the mode of action.

Explanation:

hope it helps u

FOLLOW MY ACCOUNT PLS PLS

Please help no ones helping or giving real answers... will mark branliest

Answers

Answer:

B

A

D

Explanation:

I will give tons of points to the perfect answer. What is the meaning of life?

Answers

Answer: The meaning of life is multiple things.

Explanation: Experiencing things you've dreamed of figuring yourself out like if your part of LGBTQ+ and having a family finding love working towards retirement spending everyday with the person you love and giving a helping hand to those in need.  

30. Why was the paddlefish selected for study?

Answers

They needed an evolutionary relative of tectalic to study its DNA. It has a fleshy fin that may be similargenetically to the Tectalic fin/arm.

What is the goal of the cell cycle? *
5 points
To maintain cell homeostasis by maintenance of the cell membrane
Regulation of cellular activities related to energy conversion
Provide the cell with the needed nutrients for surival
The correct replication of DNA, followed by the correct division of DNA, to create two
identical daughter cells

Answers

Answer:

The correct replication of DNA, followed by the correct division of DNA, to create two  identical daughter cells

Explanation:

The most basic function of the cell cycle is to duplicate accurately the vast amount of DNA in the chromosomes and then segregate the copies precisely into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Hope this helped!!!

Pls someone help me!!

How can Punnett squares be used to determine an organism's genotypic and phenotypic probabilities?

Answers

How can Punnett squares be used to determine an organism's genotypic and phenotypic probabilities?

⭐A Punnett square allows the prediction of percentages of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross of known genotypes. A Punnett square can be used to determine a missing genotype based on other genotypes involved in a cross.

⭐----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------⭐

BRAINLYMENTALMENTE

pls help :((((((((((((((((((

Answers

Answer: i believe it's C or D

Explanation:

a point mutation changes the DNA sequence CGA to CGT but the same protein is still produced. which point mutation occurred

Answers

Answer: The correct answer is silent mutation . In this type of mutation there is no change in  the phenotype of the individual which means there occurs a mutation where two different amino acid codes for the same protein .There are sequences present in the body where a point mutation occurs but the protein formed is still the same .If you will see the genotype you can easily observe that the amino acid sequence is different but the protein formed is same. Example AAA codes for lysine and the amino acid lysine is formed by AAG .

HOPE THIS HELPS

Answer:

silent mutation

Explanation:

hope this helps

Which best describe and organisms niche?

Answers

Answer:

A niche is a role a species plays in the ecosystem. In other words, a niche is how an organism “makes a living.” A niche will include the organism's role in the flow of energy through the ecosystem. An organism's niche also includes how the organism interacts with other organisms and its role in recycling nutrients.

Give brainliest please!`(*>﹏<*)′

Will give Brainly plz help

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Silicone disulfide

Which statement best describes the fossil record?

It is a complete record.
It is an incomplete record.
Most fossils are older than five billion years.
All fossils are younger than six hundred years.

Answers

Answer:

incomplete record

Explanation:

I just took the test

Answer:

B It is an incomplete record.

Explanation:

What sequence of bases on RNA would match or pair with the following DNA sequence:
ATC

A. ATC
B. GUA
C. UAG

Answers

B because it a matched with T the first one would be T nd the second would be A

What is the difference between the molecules with a solid, liquid and gas? ​

Answers

Answer:

Gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.

liquid are close together with no regular arrangement.

solid are tightly packed- the particles are close together.

Hope this helps:)

Answer:

Solid: Molecules are tightly together to hold the shape.

Liquid: Molecules float around to fill the space of the container that they are in.

Gas: Molecules have no definite shape and move freely.

what have the ancestral limbs of
snakes become?
aquired
vestigeal
homologous
Chil
analogous

Answers

Answer:

Pythons and boa constrictors have tiny hind leg bones buried in muscles ... Vestigial legs are a clue that snakes descended from lizards. Over 100 million years ago, some lizards happened to be born with smaller legs, which, ... The ancestor of boas and pythons retained very small vestigial legs

Explanation:

I NEED HELP ON THIS HURRY​

Answers

Answer:

hHSS (human Hepatic Simulator Substance)

Explanation:

A large community of plants and animals that occupy a district region of the world is a

Answers

The answer is a Terrestrial biome
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What evidence in your day demonstrates any of your interests, values, passions, or strengths?What evidence in your day contradicts any of the survey results? PLS HELP FAST ITS THE LAST DAY TO DO THIS TEST NO LINKSSSSAn electrician charges $40 per hour plus an initial service fee of $75. He charges a customer $195 for 3 hours of work.When this linear relationship is graphed, which value represents the slope?A. 3B. 40C. 75D. 195 Find an equation of variation in which y varies directly as x and y = 60 when x = 0.4. Then find the value of y when x = 2 Which equation has the same solution as x2+4x-13=-7 Find the quotient of 10x4 / 5x2. Match each of the five levels of organization to their proper definition. a group of tissues that work together to perform specific activities for an organism a group of cells that are similar in structure and function a living thing that carries out the processes of life the basic unit of life for all organisms a group of organs that work together to perform specific activities for an organism Help pls in three its homework dont really have much time left What do vrt stand for as it applies to the medical transcription What is the main difference between persuasive Informational text and persuasive literary text?- Persuasive informational text offers readers less actual evidence for its position than persuasive literary text.- Persuasive Informational text is generally longer and more complex than literary text that includes a persuasive message.- Persuasive informational text tries to influence a reader's decisions while persuasive literature does not.- Persuasive Informational text begins with a direct statement of author's position while literary text is more subtle about persuasion. Which passage from Ivanhoe contains an example of chivalry?a) Morning arose in unclouded splendour, and ere the sun was much above the horizon, the idlest or the most eager of the spectators appeared on the common, moving to the lists as to a general centre . . .b) The Saxon, indeed, had remonstrated strongly with his friend upon the injudicious choice he had made of his party; but he had only received that sort of answer usually given by those who are more obstinate in following their own course, than strong in justifying it.c) . . . Athelstane, confident of his strength, and to whom his flatterers, at least, ascribed great skill in arms, had determined not only to deprive the Disinherited Knight of his powerful succour, but, if an opportunity should occur, to make him feel the weight of his battle-axe.d) De Bracy, and other knights attached to Prince John, in obedience to a hint from him, had joined the party of the challengers, John being desirous to secure, if possible, the victory to that side. What is the amount of simple interest saved on a savings deposit of $1,500 for 18 months at an interest rate of 6%? Directions: Read the passage and distinguish the general statement and itsspecificstatements by completing the graphic organizer below.Sardinella tawilis is a freshwater sardine found only in the Philippines.It is the only member of the genus Sardinella known to exist entirely in freshwater. In the local language, they are known in Filipino as tawilis.Sardinella tawilis is a small fish reaching up to 15 cm and weighing lessthan 30 g. They have a single, triangular dorsal fin and a forked caudal fin.They possess long, slender gillrakers in their mouths.Retrieved from https://kids kiddle.co/Sardinello Jawilis 31313Area-in?6N1123216.2345678Enter Who is the current President of the United States? Please enter their full name; including their middle name is optional. Simplify:-2(3x-1) + x(3x+2) If D = {1,3,5}, E={3,4,5}, F={1,5,10} Find a) b) c) ( )d) ( ) e) ( ) i need help with this if you help me i will mark you as brainliest if its right please dont put the answer in a file In circle H with m \angle GHJ= 104mGHJ=104 and GH=15GH=15 units, find the length of arc GJ. Round to the nearest hundredth. Acceptance by Barbara Winkler What dramatic element would be lost in a film adaptation of this scene?A) setting B) dialogue C) stage directions D) audience interaction i need answers to "WILL WE KNOW ALIEN LIFE WHEN WE SEE IT?"