if the volume of a cell increases its surface area relative to volume will
a. decrease
b. increase to lesser degree
c. remain the same
d. increase proportionally
e. increase to a large degree

The genome is organized into 22 paired chromosomes, termed autosomes, plus the 23rd pair of sex chromosomes (XX) in the female and (XY) in the male.

The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome.

Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA sequences and various types of DNA that does not encode proteins. The latter is a diverse category that includes DNA coding for non-translated RNA, such as that for ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, ribozymes, small nuclear RNAs, and several types of regulatory RNAs.

Learn more about  human genome to visit this link

https://brainly.com/question/25168976

#SPJ4

Answer: There would be no life. Life would not be.

Explanation: Without ribosomes, there would be no proteins. Ribosomes contain RNA and proteins that cells need for survival. Cells can't survive without proteins. These tiny cell parts are therefore found in all living cells on earth. From large to small. Life would not exist without ribosomes because the cell's ribosomes contain proteins.

Each body part or system to the layer of the embryo from which it forms are (mesoderm, voluntary muscles, skeletal system); (ectoderm, cells of the nervous system, outer skin); (endoderm, gut, digestive organs).

The middle layer of the three germ layers, the mesoderm, forms during gastrulation in the very first stages of most animals' embryonic development. The ectoderm is the outer layer while the endoderm is the inner layer. Mesenchyme, mesothelium, non-epithelial blood cells, and coelomocytes are all produced by the mesoderm. Coels are lined by mesothelium. In a process known as myogenesis, mesoderm divides into septa (cross-wise partitions) and mesenteries (length-wise partitions), Mesenchyme primarily performs the function of myogenesis. Through intercellular signaling, the mesoderm separates from the rest of the embryo, and an organizing center then polarizes the mesoderm. The areas where GSK-3 shields beta-catenin from deterioration in turn dictate the location of the organizing center. The co-factor beta-catenin changes the activity of the transcription factor tcf-3 from repressing to activating, triggering the production of gene products essential for gastrulation and mesoderm development.

To know more about mesoderm please refer: https://brainly.com/question/28166157

#SPJ4

C. spinal. Spinal reflex are investigator-evoked artifacts caused by connections between stretch receptors in the muscle or nociceptors in the skin.

When a reflex is referred to as a spinal reflex, it refers to a reflex in which the sensory stimuli are received by receptors in the muscles, joints, and skin and the brain circuitry governing the motor response is wholly confined within the spinal cord.

These connections activate spinal motor neurons to cause contractions or twitches in specific somatic muscles, such as the quadriceps in a patellar tendon reflex. Both the monosynaptic stretching reflex and the polysynaptic inverse stretching reflex are the two fundamental components of spinal motor activities.

The complete question is:

Match the type of reflex to its description.

A. somatic

B. autonomic

C. spinal

D. cranial

E. innate

F. acquired

G. polysynaptic

integrated in the spinal cord, often modulated by the brain.

Learn more about reflexes

https://brainly.com/question/11377611

#SPJ4

Answer:

the exact same types of bones in their forearm

Explanation:

The signal transmission across a myoneural junction, also known as the neuromuscular junction, is the process by which the nervous system communicates with the muscles to produce movement.

This process is essential for the normal function of the musculoskeletal system and allows us to perform a wide range of movements, including those required to play a football game.

Here is a detailed description of the signal transmission across a myoneural junction:

This process occurs very quickly and allows the nervous system to rapidly communicate with the muscles to produce movement. It is essential for the coordination of movements and the execution of fine motor skills, such as those required to play football.

Learn more about myoneural junction here:

https://brainly.com/question/8225687

#SPJ4

Vascular tunic regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

The choroid, ciliary body, and iris form the middle layer of tissue surrounding the eye, also known as the vascular tunic or "uvea," from behind forward. The choroid occupies the bulb's posterior five-sixths and is mostly made up of blood vessels.

The vascular tunic is derived from mesoderm and is located between the outer fibrous tunic and the inner nervous tunic. The uvea is another name for the vascular tunic.

The uvea is the eye's middle layer. It is located beneath the white portion of the eye (the sclera). It is composed of the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid. These structures regulate many eye functions, such as adjusting to different levels of light or object distances.

To learn more about Vascular tunic, here

https://brainly.com/question/26001149

#SPJ4

A genetic modification caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide is called point mutation. Transition mutations and transversion mutations are two types of point mutations.

Point mutations are gene mutations that occur when a single nucleotide base in an organism's genome is changed, inserted, or deleted. Point mutations have a variety of effects on downstream protein product, with moderately predictable consequences based on mutation-specific features. In terms of protein production, composition and function, these consequences can range from no effect (e.g., synonymous mutations) to negative effects (e.g., frameshift mutations).

Conversion occurs when one purine moiety is replaced by another purine or one pyrimidine is replaced by another pyrimidine. The conversion occurs when the purine is replaced by pyrimidine or vice versa. The wrong mutation leads to the creation of a different amino acid. Missile mutations, also known as nonsynonymous alterations, alter one codon to produce another protein. The term point mutation is sometimes used to describe the addition or deletion of a base pair.

To learn more about point mutations and its types, here

https://brainly.com/question/13923224

#SPJ4

Answer: An independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed.

Controllable risk factor for cardiovascular failure.Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)Heart valve disease

There are five main heart disease risk factors that you can control. A poor diet, high blood pressure, cholesterol, stress, smoking, and obesity are factors formed by your lifestyle and can be better through behavior modifications.

Controllable risk factors are those you can take pace to change or influence. Diet; Smoking; Excessive alcohol utilization modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors are those that can be lower or controlled with altered behavior.

So we can conclude that Heart Attack. A heart attack, or asystole infarction, usually tops the list of cardiovascular diseases in the United States.

Learn more about cardiovascular here: https://brainly.com/question/946975

#SPJ1

The observation which we get from the three bean seed experiment is that for germination to take place, oxygen, water and temperature are necessary in equal proportion.

The purpose of this study is to show that seeds require equal amounts of oxygen, water, and temperature.

A glass slide, a beaker, a thread, and bean seeds make up the apparatus.

Use a glass slide to bind three ripe bean seeds in three distinct places. Place the slide in the water-filled beaker with the top seed above the water, the middle seed at water level, and the third seed submerged in the water.

Observation: Because the top seed receives oxygen but not water, it does not germinate. As it receives both oxygen and water, the center seed begins to sprout. The seeds at the bottom do not germinate, but they do display the appearance of a little radical as a result of a small amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.

Therefore, a seed requires water, oxygen and temperature in equal proportion.

To know more about seed germination from the link,

brainly.com/question/19276028

#SPJ4

Replantation and genetic engineering are two techniques that scientists utilize to enhance coral reefs or to manage the causes that cause coral reef degradation.

Numerous local and global problems, such as overfishing, pollution, climate change, and unsustainable coastal development, are continuously putting stress on coral reefs. Scientists have come up with many ideas to improve the survival of coral reefs. The two main methods are replantation and genetic engineering.

Both land-based and marine nurseries are capable of growing coral. Pruning and propagation are two of the most frequent techniques used to cultivate coral. We cut off a tiny piece of wild coral, bring it back to the nursery, and let it continue to grow there. We return to the reef to transplant it once it has grown to the proper size. In a controlled environment, we can produce more biomass this way.

The objective is to develop new coral breeds that are better able to withstand intense heat. Scientists are developing several coral species in the lab by genetic engineering to make them more heat tolerant. Coral can also be grown in hotter water to achieve this goal. Another strategy is to concentrate on the algae, which coral rely on for nutrients and oxygen. Scientists want to help corals fend off bleaching occurrences by developing new varieties of heat-tolerant bacteria and algae.

To know more about coral reefs:

https://brainly.com/question/14434694

#SPJ4

High blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, epilepsy, thyroid disease, heart or blood disorders, poorly controlled asthma, and infections can increase pregnancy risks.

To learn more about risk factors in pregnancy refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/29666486

#SPJ4

Some of the ways one can follow to save the destruction of coral reefs are safe boating, usage of non-toxic sunscreen, usage of green fertilizers, water conservation, and volunteering.

Refrain from touching or anchoring the boat on reefs. The delicate coral organisms will be harmed by contact with the reef, and anchoring on the reef can cause coral death.

Coral reefs have been demonstrated to be poisonous to a number of common sunscreen chemicals, including oxybenzone and octinoxate. So use sunscreen that is non-toxic to corals.

Because nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from excess fertilizer use on lawns flow into streams and eventually end up in seas, this practice degrades water quality. These nutrient pollutants can damage coral reefs and pollute the water. Use environmentally friendly insecticides and fertilizers that won't affect coral reefs or other marine life.

Join a local beach or reef cleanup as a volunteer. Keep unwanted fishing nets and lines out of the water and off the beach. Any form of garbage can affect the reef and fish by polluting the water.

Only use water you actually need. The less water you use, particularly outside, the less wastewater and runoff will contaminate our oceans.

To know more about coral reef protection:

https://brainly.com/question/29775586

#SPJ4

Researches claim that cerebral atherosclerosis is uncommon and atherosclerosis accounts for just 5-8% of conditions related to brain.

Atherosclerosis which happens in brain is called as intracranial atherosclerosis which is responsible for transient ischemic attacks. Atherosclerosis of the brain arteries is a common cause of Cerebral vascular accidents. Atherosclerosis is related mainly to heart muscles where it causes undue hardening of cells and muscles. It is not very common to brain muscles because it is mainly hard naturally. It generally affects heart by causing blockages and delayed pumping functions. Angioplasty is an important option for the relatively severe intracranial stenosis. Hence, atherosclerosis is not common to brain diseases.

Learn more about atherosclerosis at:

brainly.com/question/27222959

#SPJ4

Only the dominant trait (tall) appeared in the F1 generation when Mendel crossed two varieties of a character (such as short and tall in pea plants). The F1 plants had a Tt genetic makeup.

Since all of the plants in the F1 generation have the genotype Tt and have the allele for tall height, they are all tall plants (dominant allele).

When a dominant allele is present, all of the plants have tall heights because the recessive gene is not expressed. However, the following genotypes are produced in the subsequent generation when the plants of this generation are self-crossed: TT:Tt: tt in the ratio 1:2:1. As a result, 25% of the plants contain the recessive alleles for both alleles. When the recessive gene is expressed, the plant is short and has a lack of the dominant allele. In the F1 generation, the recessive allele was suppressed; however, in the F2 generation, it was expressed.

know more about Mendel's experiment here

https://brainly.com/question/29775819#

#SPJ4

If the mutation in the gene causes an amino acid deletion in the sequence of amino acids that make up nebulin, this will affect the structure of nebulin as c. The primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of nebulin will be affected.

Nebulin is a protein that binds actin and is found in the skeletal muscle sarcomeres, a thin filament.

The amino acid sequence is a protein's primary structure. The secondary and tertiary structures of a protein are determined by its primary structure. The primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of the protein will all be altered as a result of a mutation in the amino acid sequence. In conclusion, a protein's other structures are influenced by its primary structure.

Know more about amino acids here: https://brainly.com/question/15823799

#SPJ4

(complete question)

Nebulin is an actin-binding protein that can be found in skeletal muscles. Nebulin is large in size and functions to stabilize actin and regulate muscle contractions. The gene that codes for nebulin, NEB, is on chromosome 2 in humans. Mutations to the NEB gene can result in mutations in the amino acid sequence of the resulting nebulin protein. If the mutation in the gene causes an amino acid deletion in the sequence of amino acids that make up nebulin, how will this affect the structure of nebulin?

a. Only the primary structure of Nebulin will be affected; the secondary and tertiary structures will not be

affected.

b. Both the primary structure and secondary structure of nebulin will be affected, while the tertiary form will

not be affected.

c. The primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of nebulin will be affected.

d. An amino acid deletion would not affect the structure of nebulin.

Today's cells contain RNA molecules that perform catalytic activity.

Translation and splicing are two biological processes that depend heavily on catalytic RNAs.

Many of these ribozymes' catalytic mechanisms are just beginning to be understood, and they demonstrate that catalysis is always carried out by RNA, whether it is acting alone or in conjunction with proteins.

Catalytically active RNA molecules are ribozymes. Ribozymes come in a variety of sizes and forms in nature. DNA has various benefits over proteins and RNA as a synthetic catalyst that has been identified through in vitro selection. Deoxyribozymes' expanding range of reactions is expanding our fundamental knowledge of biocatalysis and enabling applications in both chemistry and biology.

Learn more about "RNA world" to visit here;

https://brainly.com/question/28235283

#SPJ4

Settlements may be everlasting or brief. Temporary Settlement qre the settlement pattern.

Settlements that are occupied for a quick time Eire known as brief settlements.Permanent Settlement. Under everlasting settlements, human beings construct houses to stay in.

There are usually 3 styles of settlements: compact, semi-compact, and dispersed. Each is primarily based totally on its populace density. Compact settlements have the best density of populationHuman settlements can extensively be divided into types – rural and urban.

Read more about the settlement

https://brainly.com/question/16894587

#SPJ4

The gene therapy can be attempted to treat achondroplasia is by RNAi that knocks down the mutant FGFR expression, Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector that carries the wild-type FGFR and CRISPR with the wild-type FGFR donor DNA.

Gene therapy is a cutting-edge method for treating or preventing genetic illnesses. Correction of the specific DNA sequence would repair the protein, curing the disease since mutant DNA in genetic diseases codes for mutant proteins.

Gene therapy can make advantage of RNA interference. By blocking the production of the proteins that the genes code for, it is a method for "silencing" genes. It is a form of gene therapy that utilizes the transition between DNA and protein.

AAV-mediated gene targeting refers to the homologous recombination process through which AAV vectors can integrate. Thus, this vector that carries the wild-type FGFR can be incorporated into the achondroplasia patient.

Using the gene-editing tool CRISPR/Cas9, it is possible to add, remove, or modify a specific section of a gene's DNA sequence. Thus, the damaged section of the mutant FGFR's DNA can be removed using this technique.

To know more about gene therapy here:

https://brainly.com/question/13022890#

#SPJ4

 Answer: Dinosaurs and Birds are most closely related to primates. This is the reason why phylogenetic trees are also known as evolutionary trees.

 Explanation: A branching diagram or tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among distinct biological species or other entities based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic traits is known as a phylogenetic tree (sometimes referred to as an evolutionary tree or phylogeny). One evolutionary tree represents all life on Earth and shows their shared ancestry. The century-old debate about the origin of birds has been resolved by the abundance of fossilized early birds and their closest relatives. The evolution of birds from the maniraptoran theropod dinosaur group has now been conclusively proven. Birds' bones resemble those of several maniraptoran species. Numerous fossils have demonstrated that maniraptorans laid eggs that resembled those of birds and that they also resembled birds in terms of egg-laying behavior. These justifications demonstrate how closely connected they are.

 For more information regarding phylogenetic trees:

https://brainly.com/question/12790152

https://brainly.com/question/751860

Considering the phylogenetic tree, The pair of organisms that are most closely related to primates are rodents and rabbits.

Even though all of the organisms on the list are vertebrates, rodents and rabbits are the closest relatives of primates. Compared to reptiles, amphibians, dinosaurs, and birds, these animals (primates, rodents, and rabbits) share a recent common ancestor.

The body structures of primates, rabbits, and rodents are somewhat comparable in some ways. The characteristics of primate bones match those of rodents, rabbits, flying lemurs, tree shrews, and other animals. Both rodents and primates have two long fingers and upper teeth that are shaped like can openers.

Know more about phylogenetic trees here: https://brainly.com/question/13577065

#SPJ4

Height, skin colour, and eye colour are three examples of polygenic traits in humans. Multiple genes control these characteristics.

A polygenic trait is one that is influenced by multiple non-allelic genes. These genes are known as polygenes. They are a group of genes that, when activated, express as a whole. Each one has an effect that adds up to the trait. Nonetheless, the effect of a single gene is difficult to distinguish, especially when a polygenic character is involved.

Polygenic traits do not follow Mendel's pattern of inheritance because multiple genes are involved. They are frequently represented as a range of continuous variation rather than being measured discretely. Height, skin color, eye color, and hair color are examples of polygenic traits.

To know more about Polygenic Trait visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/29918270

#SPJ4

Artifacts can best help historians understand the effects of location on past societies. It is a thing that was made by a person, usually a thing that has a lot of cultural or historical value.

Archaeologists gain a better understanding of how people lived in particular eras and locations by making use of artifacts and other elements. They are interested in these people's daily routines, political systems, social interactions, and core values.

Archaeologists look into the places where ancient cultures once lived in order to gain a better understanding of the past. Due to the fact that many ancient cultures either deliberately avoided writing down their histories or lacked written languages, artifacts may be the only clues about how people lived in the past.

Know more about artifacts here: https://brainly.com/question/17362933

#SPJ4

Answer:

c

Explanation:

edge 2023

The following are the skull bones visible from an anterior and lateral view: The sphenoid bone (with the larger and lesser wings), the frontal bone (particularly the orbital surface), and the zygomatic bone are all bones.

The skull (22 bones) is divided into two sections: (1) The skull is made up of eight bones (Occipital, Two Parietals, Frontal, Two Temporals, Sphenoidal, Ethmoidal) while the skeleton of the face is made up of fourteen (Two Nasals, Two Maxillae, Two Lacrimals, Two Zygomatics, Two Palatines, Two.

The occipital bone, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, the sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bones are all found in the neurocranium. The vomer, two inferior nasal conchae, two nasal bones, two maxilla, the mandible, two palatine bones, two zygomatic bones, and two lacrimal bones are the bones of the facial skeleton (14).

Learn more about to  zygomatic  visit here:

https://brainly.com/question/12877220

#SPJ4

The Volume and Surface area cannot be related because there can be structures with same volume but different surface areas.

The surface area of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.

Moreover, the surface area of a three dimensional shape is the total area of all of the faces. To find the surface area of a shape, we find the area of each face and add them together.

The surface area of an object is the total area of the outside surfaces of the three-dimensional object i.e, the total sum of the area of the faces of the object. It is measured in terms of square units.

Learn more about surface area:

https://brainly.com/question/29298005

#SPJ1

Arthropod characteristics include: segmented bodies, exoskeletons, head with eyes, and jointed appendages.

Arthropods are one of the phylum of the invertebrate animals. This means that arthropods are animals without backbone and are characterized by the presence of appendages. Unlike the invertebrates, the vertebrates are animals with backbones.

That said, this phylum of invertebrata is largest phylum which has several classes including:

In conclusion, we can now confirm from the explanation given above that the arthropods are invertebrates with segmented body patterns.

Read more on arthropods:

https://brainly.com/question/20415873

#SPJ1

GMO crops are grown today have been created to assist farmers in preventing crop loss.

Farmers can use fewer spray pesticides to protect GMO crops that really are resistant to insect damage. Herbicide-tolerant GMO crops aid farmers in weed control while minimising crop damage. Farmers who use herbicide-tolerant crops do not need to till the soil, which is normally done to remove weeds. This no-till planting promotes soil health while reducing fuel and labour consumption. Studies have shown that there are both economic and environmental benefits.

GMOs have an impact on the lives of farmers all over the world. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is collaborating with partner countries to improve staple crops, which comprise a large portion of people's diets.

To know more about the GMO, here

https://brainly.com/question/29245804

#SPJ4

Advantage of constructing habitat corridors is corridors connect habitats separated by fragmentation and connect wildlife populations, 1st option.

In an urban area, a habitat corridor can be any natural or wildlife strip that connects two core habitats. Wildlife corridors are connections across the landscape that connect habitat areas. They promote natural processes that occur in a healthy environment, such as species movement to find resources such as food and water.

Corridors also help many species survive by increasing food sources, providing valuable cover, decreasing the likelihood of predation, and reconnecting fragmented and isolated populations.

Learn more on habitat corridor here: https://brainly.com/question/908815?source=archive

#SPJ1

An advantage of constructing habitat corridors is corridors connect habitats separated by fragmentation and connect wildlife populations. option A is the correct answer.

This refers to areas connected across the landscape that link up areas of habitat. They support natural processes that occur in a healthy environment, they enhance the movement of species to find resources, such as food and water.

Advantages of constructing habitat corridors

Learn more about habitat corridors on

https://brainly.com/question/1375563

#SPJ1

Answer: