Her chemotherapy medication is dosed by her BSA. She weighs 120 lb and is 60 in tall her BSA was 1.52 m2
Is chemotherapy exclusively used for cancer patients?
Chemotherapy is a common family of medications used to treat a wide range of illnesses, including but not limited to malignancies, blood problems, and a wide range of autoimmune diseases. Similar to how it can be given orally, topically, intravenously, or subcutaneously.In order to eradicate your body's rapidly proliferating cells, chemotherapy is a pharmacological therapy. Chemotherapy is most frequently used to treat cancer because cancer cells grow and reproduce a great deal faster than most other types of body cells. Chemotherapy medications come in a variety of forms.
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nurse discovers her clients bed smoldering from a lit cigarette. describe the race mnemonic to guide the order of the nurses actions
The nurse should use the mnemonic RACE (Remove the client-Activate the alarm-Contain the fire - Extinguish the fire) to prioritize actions.
Fire safety refers to a collection of measures designed to limit the devastation caused by fire. Fire safety procedures include those used to prevent the initiation of an uncontrolled fire as well as those used to minimise the growth and impact of a fire after it has begun.
Fire safety measures include those that are designed during building construction or implemented in existing buildings, as well as those that are taught to building inhabitants.
Fire risks are widely used to describe threats to fire safety. A fire hazard is anything that raises the chance of a fire or makes escape difficult in the case of a fire.
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The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate
The glomerular filtration rate provides the best estimate of the level of functioning of renal tissue.
Renal function tests (RFT) are a collection of tests used to measure kidney (renal) function. The tests assess the amounts of numerous components in the blood, such as minerals, electrolytes, proteins, or glucose (sugar), to identify the present state of the kidneys.
When the kidneys aren't working correctly, waste products build up in the blood and fluid levels rise to hazardous levels, causing harm to the body or even a potentially life-threatening condition. A variety of disorders and diseases can cause kidney injury. Diabetes and hypertension are the most frequent causes and risk factors for renal disease. The most feasible clinical tests to measure renal function are to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and also to look for proteinuria (albuminuria).
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What type of data collection might be best to estimate whether a new medicine is more effective in curing the common cold than aspirin
Experiment is the type of data collection which is best to estimate whether a new medicine is more effective in curing the common cold than aspirin.
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory medicine used to reduce pain, fever, and/ or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic. Specific seditious conditions which aspirin is used to treat include Kawasaki complaint, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever.
Experiment plays numerous places in wisdom. One of its important places is to test propositions and to give the base for scientific knowledge. It can also call for a new proposition, either by showing that an accepted proposition is incorrect, or by flaunting a new miracle that's in need of explanation.
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The nurse is reinforcing education to a client with a venous thromboembolism who is prescribed rivaroxaban. Which statement by the client indicates the medication teaching has been effective?
1. "I need to continue to avoid eating spinach and kale."
2. "I probably will have some weakness in my legs when I take this medicine."
3. "I should avoid taking aspirin while receiving this medication."
4. "I will have to get blood drawn routinely to check my clotting levels."
Answer: 3 "I should avoid taking aspirin while receiving this medication."
Factor Xa inhibitors (eg, rivaroxaban [Xarelto], edoxaban, apixaban) are anticoagulants used to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism. Factor Xa inhibitors are being prescribed more frequently than other oral anticoagulants (eg, warfarin), as they have a lower risk of bleeding and require less ongoing monitoring (eg, PT/INR).
The combined anticoagulant effects increase the risk for uncontrolled bleeding and hemorrhage.
What is rivaroxaban ?
Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant drug (blood thinner) used to treat and prevent blood clots. It is marketed under the trade names Xarelto and others. In particular, it is used to avoid blood clots in atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary emboli as well as to treat these conditions, as well as to prevent them after hip or knee surgery. It is ingested orally.
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which of the followiing vital signs indicate increased pressure within the skull following head trau,a
Vital signs indicating increased pressure in the skull after head trauma are headache, double vision, and increased blood pressure.
What is pressure in the skull?Pressure in the skull is also known as intracranial pressure. This pressure can show the condition of brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain blood vessels. Under certain conditions, intracranial pressure can increase and cause certain symptoms that need to be watched out for.
Raised intracranial pressure left untreated can lead to serious, life-threatening conditions. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting, headaches, increased blood pressure, and double vision.
Your question is incomplete. maybe the point of your question is
Which of the following vital signs indicate increased pressure within the skull following head trauma?
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When the dental assistant is placing the liners, base , or varnish, the cavity preparation should be examined and the pulpal involvement assessed. Explain the depths of the cavity preparation it relates to pulpal involvement
When the pulp chamber's entrance can be seen due to advanced caries or when the crown has been completely destroyed and only the roots are left, pulpal involvement is noted.
The center of a tooth is called the dental pulp, and it is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, and cells. If this becomes infected, it could hurt and require root canal treatment to save the tooth. Pulp testing techniques based on optical technology include laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), transmitted laser light (TLL), laser speckle imaging (LSI), pulse oximetry (PO), transmitted light plethysmography (TLP), and dual wavelength spectrophotometry (DWS). Numerous factors, like as severe caries, trauma, or unintentionally filling a cavity in the dentist chair, might expose the tooth pulp. There may be serious repercussions, such as discomfort, infection, and necrosis.
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which form of treatment is used to promote the healing process by dilating blood vessels which allows for more circulation to occur in the affected area.
Therapeutic ultrasound is used to promote healing by increasing circulation to the affected area.
What type of treatment is used to increase blood circulation to a specific area?Vasodilation is a type of treatment used to increase blood circulation to a specific area. This is a process in which the blood vessels in an area are widened, allowing for increased blood flow to the area. Other treatments used to increase blood circulation to a specific area include massage, exercise, and ultrasound therapy.
Massage is a type of treatment that can increase blood circulation to a specific area by applying pressure and manipulating the soft tissue. Exercise is another type of treatment that can increase blood circulation to a specific area. Exercise helps to increase the heart rate, which in turn increases blood circulation to the entire body.
Which drug class causes blood vessels to swell?These medicines are used to treat several ailments, including high blood pressure. Vasodilators are drugs that allow blood arteries to expand (dilate). They have an impact on the muscles that line the arteries and veins, preventing tightness and narrowing of the walls.
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At visit 3, Subject 411, a subject in a clinical trial of a pacemaker with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was noted to have a malfunctioning of the ICD sensing system resulting in frequent ICD discharges (shocks). Subject 411 was admitted to the hospital to have the ICD removed and replaced. The investigator should:
The investigator should report this event as an UADE (unanticipated adverse device effect) to the sponsor and IRB within ten working days.
This event is considered unanticipated because the subject had not previously experienced frequent ICD discharges (shocks) and the malfunctioning of the ICD sensing system was not anticipated. Reporting this event is important for patient safety and to ensure that the sponsor and the IRB are aware of any potential hazards of the device.
Additionally, reporting this event within ten working days allows for quicker action on the part of the sponsor and IRB to investigate the cause of the ICD malfunction and take corrective action if necessary. It also allows for the investigation of the ICD device and any potential risks that may be associated with its use.
By reporting this event as an UADE, it will ensure that patient safety is a priority and that any potential risks are monitored and addressed.
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After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which statement is true?
After a person experiences a closure of epiphyses, true statement is No further increase in bone length occurred. After the ends of the bones closure, the bone length cannot be increased any further.
What is the cause of premature closure of the epiphyseal plate?Premature closure of the ends is usually due to cartilage injury. Rarely, vitamin A derivatives are known to cause premature bone closure
What happens when epiphyseal plates close?As children grow, the growth plates turn into strong bones. A solid growth plate entirely made of solid bone is a self-contained growth plate. After the growth plate closes, the bone stops growing. Hormone Estrogen accelerates bone head fusion and suppresses longitudinal bone growth.
What factors affect bone end closure?Important predisposing factors include the ability to differentiate chondrocytes, multiple molecular pathways operating in the growth plate, and axis I activation of insulin-like growth hormone-like growth factor and expression fusion. tissues by estrogen and its receptors.
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Choose the correct answer:-
regarding endometriosis which is false:
1. occurring through the pelvic vaginal scares, vagina, bladder, lungs may be involved
2. may result from retrograde menstruation
3. more distant foci result from lymphatic or blood born spread
4. retrograde menstruation is always associated with endometriosis
Regarding endometriosis the false statement is that retrograde menstruation is always associated with endometriosis and is therefore denoted as option 4.
What is Endometriosis?
This is referred to as a medical disorder in which the cells similar to the lining of the uterus, or endometrium, grow outside the uterus.
Retrograde menstruation is not always associated with endometriosis as the cause is unknown but there are other risk factors such as genetics, started to menstruate later than usual and have used low-dose oral contraceptives which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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In the early days of Biden's administration, the cold death hand of government regulation stretched farther than it did under Obama.
Answer:
Yes, the Biden administration has implemented more government regulations and restrictions than the Obama administration. This includes stricter environmental regulations, higher taxes, and more stringent labor laws. Additionally, the Biden administration has also implemented a number of executive orders that have further increased the power of the federal government.
Explanation:
A client is admitted to the ambulatory care unit for an endoscopic procedure. The gastroenterologist administers midazolam 1 mg intravenously for sedation and titrates the dosage upward to 3.5 mg. The client becomes hypotensive (86/60 mm Hg), develops severe respiratory depression (SpO2 86%), and has periods of apnea. The nurse anticipates the administration of which antidote drug?
1.
Benztropine (10%)
2.
Flumazenil (36%)
3.
Naloxone (46%)
4.
Phentolamine (7%)
OmittedCorrect answer 2
36%Answered correctly
The nurse anticipates the administration of flumazenil antidote drug. Thus, the correct option is 2.
What is Antidote drug?Antidote drug are the agents which negate the effect of a poison or a toxin. Antidotes are used to mediate its effect either through preventing the absorption of the toxin, by binding and neutralizing the poison effect, antagonizing its end-organ effect, or by the inhibition of conversion of the toxin to more toxic metabolites.
Midazolam (Versed) is a benzodiazepine which is commonly used to induce conscious sedation in the clients undergoing endoscopic procedures. The initial dose of the drug is 1 mg and it is titrated up slowly until speech becomes slurred.
Generally no more than 3.5 mg is necessary to induce conscious sedation in the clients. It is commonly administered with an opioid analgesic because of their synergistic effects. Side effects of the drug can include airway occlusion, apnea, hypotension, and oxygen desaturation with resultant respiratory arrest.
Flumazenil (Romazicon) is an antidote drug which is used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines. Flumazenil is a drug which is used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines such as midazolam.
Therefore, the correct option is 2.
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Mrs. Britton is a 34-year-old patient who presents to the office with complaints of skin rashes. You have noted a 4' 3-cm, rough, elevated area of psoriasis. This is an example of a:
The area of psoriasis which is detected in Mrs. Britton is indicative of plaque, which means option A is the right answer.
The plaque refers to the sticky film of bacteria which is constantly formed on teeth. It is caused due to left over food which deteriorates inside the mouth with the help of good bacteria present inside the mouth in the saliva. Psoriasis is a skin disease in which rashes and itchy skin is formed on the body which causes irritation and in extreme cases may even lead to fever and headache like condition. It can worsen in case of injury, alcohol consumption, smoking or stress. It is a chronic disease which can be treated through some medications but no permanent cure is available.
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To refer to complete questions, see below:
Mrs. Britton is a 34-year-old patient who presents to the office with complaints of skin rashes. You have noted a 4- × 3-cm, rough, elevated area of psoriasis. This is an example of a:
a. plaque.
b. patch.
c. macule.
d. papule.
what is the primary difference between an automatic aed and a semi-automatic aed?
The primary difference between an automatic AED and a semi-automatic AED is that semi-automatic AED will firstly ask before giving a shock, whereas, automatic AED will automatically give the shock.
Semi-automatic AEDs will ask the deliverer to press a button to deliver a shock to the victim, therefore leaving it up to them to actually deliver the treatment. Completely automatic AEDs, on the other hand, automate this entire process and will deliver the shock automatically.
When the pads are in place, the AED automatically measures the person's heart meter and determines if a shock isneeded.However, the machine tells the stoner to stand back and push a button to deliver the shock, If it is. The AED is programmed not to deliver a shock if a shock is not demanded.
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which form of treatment is used to promote the healing process by dilating blood vessels which allows for more circulation to occur in the affected area.
Vasodilators are drugs that allow blood vessels to expand (dilate). They have an impact on the muscles that line the arteries and veins, preventing tightness and narrowing of the walls.
Blood is able to flow through the vessels more readily as a result. Your body naturally vasodilates in reaction to stimuli including elevated temperatures, decreased nutritional availability, and low oxygen levels. Your blood vessels enlarge as a result, increasing blood flow and bringing down blood pressure. Vasodilation helps inflammation by boosting blood flow to harmed body tissues and cells. This makes it possible for the immune cells required for defense and repair to be delivered more effectively. Chronic inflammation, however, can harm healthy cells and tissues.
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Which task is achieved by the delegator when he or she engages in self-care to enhance his or her ability to care for the healthcare team
The delegator renews himself or herself in order to improve his or her abilities to care for the healthcare team.
The delegator completes the work of renewing when he or she participates in self-care to improve his or her capacity to care again for healthcare team. When the delegator aids the staff with planning, prioritisation, and decision-making, they are managing. Whenever the delegator teaches or interprets material for the client's benefit, this is referred to as explaining. Motivating occurs when the delegator motivates the personnel to complete a mission.
The healthcare team's responsibility is to address patients' problems or answer their inquiries concerning their health and very well. Discuss subjects such as adequate diet and cleanliness with patients to help them take care of their health. Determine and treat injuries and diseases. Some professionals, such as surgeons, can perform surgery on patients to treat ailments.
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Both illegal and prescription/over-the-counter drugs can have negative effects on your ability to drive. T/F
The statement is true that both illegal and prescription/over-the-counter drugs can have negative effects on your ability to drive.
Antidepressants, opioids, and other drugs may beget impairment.However, or get a tradition for a new drug or a advanced cure of a current medicine, don't drive until you know what effect it has on your judgment, If you're taking a tradition medicine.
Illegal drugs are those that aren't specified by a croaker or bought at a apothecary. They're occasionally also called" road medicines." Some exemplifications of illegal medicines include heroin( an opioid); cocaine( a goad); LSD, mescaline, PCP, methamphetamine, and psilocybin( hallucinogens).
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Choose the correct answer:-
with regard to obstetric history:
1. pregnancy is dated from conception
2. parity is the total number of pregnancies regardless of how they ended
3. a previous history of pre eclampsia should trigger increased antenatal surveillance
4. the last menstrual period is reliable if cycle is irregular
The correct answer with regard to obstetric history is option :
2. Parity is the total number of pregnancies regardless of how they ended.
3. A previous history of pre eclampsia should trigger increased antenatal surveillance.
What is obstetric history about?Obstetric history refers to a woman's medical history related to pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. This includes information about past pregnancies, such as the number of pregnancies, the number of live births, the number of miscarriages or abortions, and the dates of these events.
Therefore, It also includes information about any complications that occurred during pregnancy or childbirth, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, or cesarean delivery.
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The nurse is providing teaching about accidental poisoning to the family of a 3-year-old. The nurse understands that a child of
The nurse understands that a child of this age is at increased risk of accidental ingestion due to a less discriminating sense of taste.
Caustic ingestion happens when a person inadvertently or intentionally consumes a caustic or corrosive material. Depending on the type of the material, the length of exposure, and other conditions, it can cause varied degrees of damage to the oral mucosa, oesophagus, and stomach lining.
Endoscopy of the upper digestive system can identify the degree of the damage, but CT scanning may be more beneficial in determining whether surgery is necessary. During the healing phase, oesophageal strictures may occur, necessitating therapeutic dilatation and the insertion of a stent. Ingestions of acids with pH less than 2 or alkalis with pH greater than 12 can result in the most severe damage.
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When evaluating drug-related data from animal studies, which of these questions should be asked?
A. Was the dosing regimen used similar to that used by humans?
B. Was the route of administration similar to that used by humans?
C. Was the drug self-administered by the animal
Questions on the dosing regimen, the method of administration, and the drug that the animal personality are answered while assessing substance data from animal experimentation.
What makes anything a drug?Since "drug" is derived from the French term "drogue," which meaning dry herb, it is clear that the earliest drugs were derived from plant sources. The earliest people employed a variety of unusual therapies for ailments, involving plants, meat products, and minerals.
How do medicines function?Drugs affect how neurons use transmitters to send, interpret, and respond to information. Because some drugs, like cocaine and marijuana, have chemical structures that are similar to those of organic neurotransmitters in the body, they can stimulate neurons.
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which goal is the nurse trying to achieve when placing a client with severe burns on a circulating air be
Preventing pressure on peripheral blood vessels is the goal that nurse is trying to achieve.
Avoid putting pressure on peripheral blood vessels. A circulating air bed distributes human weight across a greater area, lowering pressure against capillary beds and allowing better tissue perfusion. A client who lost 35% of her complete body surface area in a fire is currently 48 hours postburn. The peripheral vascular system (PVS) comprises all blood vessels located outside of the heart. A cardiovascular disorder in which blood arteries constrict, reducing blood flow to the limbs.
Peripheral vascular disease is caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits and calcium in the artery walls (atherosclerosis). Aging, diabetes, and smoking are all risk factors. Leg soreness, especially when walking, is one of the symptoms. Tobacco cessation, exercise, and a balanced diet are frequently effective remedies. When these improvements are insufficient, medication may be used.
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A thorough medication reconciliation will always contain the drug's: Select one: Imprint Shape Size Strength
A thorough medication reconciliation will always contain the drug's strength.
Prescription reconciliation is indeed the way of evaluating a patient's medication orders for all drugs taken by the patient. This reconciliation is performed to eliminate pharmaceutical mistakes including such omissions, duplications, incorrect dose, or drug interactions. It should be performed at every point of care transition where new drugs are prescribed or current orders are revised. Changes in care settings, services, practitioners, or levels of care are examples of transitions.
Medication reconciliation appears to be a simple process. 7 Obtaining and validating the patient's medication history, documenting the patient's medication history, drafting orders for the hospital drug regimen, and producing a medication administration record are all stages for a newly hospitalized patient.
These steps at discharge include assessing the patient's post-discharge pharmaceutical regimen, generating discharge instructions for home medicines, educating the patient, and transferring the medication list to a follow-up physician.
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Mr. Mathews is a 47-year-old patient who presents for a routine physical examination. On examination, you have noted a bruit heard over the thyroid. This is suggestive of:
Based on the results of the physical examination, the client has hyperthyroidism. If the thyroid gland is enlarged, use the bell to listen for vascular sounds. The blood supply is dramatically increased in a hypermetabolic state, and a vascular bruit, a soft rushing sound, may be heard.
The thyroid gland is an important hormone gland that regulates metabolism, growth, and development in the human body. It aids in the regulation of many body functions by continuously releasing a consistent amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone. This condition is also known as overactive thyroid. Hyperthyroidism causes the body's metabolism to accelerate. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including weight loss and hand tremors.
Mr. Mathews is a 47-year-old patient who presents for a routine physical examination. On examination, you have noted a bruit heard over the thyroid. This is suggestive of:
A. hypothyroidism.
B. hyperthyroidism.
C. thyroid cancer.
D. thyroid cyst.
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A child with heart failure is on Lanoxin (digoxin). The laboratory value a nurse must closely monitor is which
A child with heart failure is on Lanoxin (digoxin). The laboratory value a nurse must closely monitor is which serum potassium level
What impacts the heart does Lanoxin have?
It functions by having an impact on specific minerals (sodium and potassium) within cardiac cells. As a result, the heart is put under less stress and is better able to keep up a regular, steady beating.What are the uses of Lanoxin tablets?
Heart failure is treated with lanoxin. Atrial fibrillation, a condition affecting the atria's heart rhythm, is similarly treated with lanoxin (the upper chambers of the heart that allow blood to flow into the heart)
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individual health policies contain both mandatory and optional provisions. an example of an optional provision would be
Individual health insurance policies include both obligatory and voluntary components. Change of Occupation is an example of an optional provision.
Mandatory Provisions are provisions there under Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (Vic) that imply conditions into the agreement or give rise to rights or responsibilities on the part of the Landlord or the Tenant that cannot be omitted, changed, or restricted. Uniform Policy is an optional policy. Provisions include the responsibility to notify the insurer of changes in one's income, particularly if caused by a handicap, or shifts to a more or less hazardous vocation.
Mediclaim or hospitalisation plans represent the most fundamental form of health insurance. Once you are taken to the hospital, they pay for your care. The compensation is based on real hospital expenditures submitted as original invoices. Most of these policies provide coverage for the entire family up to a specified limit.
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After a bronchoscopy because of suspected cancer of the lung, a client develops pleural effusion. What should the nurse conclude is the most likely cause of the pleural effusion
Cancerous lesions in the pleural space increase the osmotic pressure, causing a shift of fluid to that space.
Excessive fluid consumption is generally offset by increased urine production. Pleural effusion causes insufficient chest expansion, although it is not the cause of it. The pleural space is not involved in a bronchoscopy.
The pleural effusion is just a collection of fluid between the tissue layers that border the lungs or chest cavity. Pleural fluid is produced in modest amounts by the body to lubricate the pleural surfaces. It's the thin tissue that borders or surrounds the lungs in the chest cavity. Pleural effusion seems to be an abnormally large accumulation of this fluid.
Your doctor will check you and inquire about your symptoms. The physician will also use a stethoscope to listen to ones lungs and tap (percuss) the chest or upper back. A chest CT scan or x-ray may be sufficient for your provider to make a therapy decision.
If there is lot of fluid that is causing chest heaviness, shortness of breath or a reduced oxygen level, it may be removed (thoracentesis). The removal of the fluid helps the lung to expand, which makes breathing easier.
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A nurse is teaching first aid to counselors of a summer camp for children with asthma. This is an example of what aim of health teaching
This is an example of the aim of health promotion and preventing illness, or disease prevention in health teaching.
By teaching first aid to counselors of a summer camp for children with asthma, the nurse is providing them with the information and skills they need to identify and respond to asthma symptoms and emergencies, which can help to prevent illness and promote the health and well-being of the children at the camp.
Jane had two chest CTs this year at 7 mSv each. Simply living on Earth exposed her to 3 mSv. The maximum radiation exposure for health professionals is 50 mSv per year. How much radiation has Jane been exposed to this year
The maximum radiation exposure for health professionals is 50 mSv per year, so Jane has been exposed to 17 mSv this year.
A chest CT checkup can find signs of inflammation, infection, injury or complaint of the lungs, breathing passages( bronchi), heart, major blood vessels, lymph bumps, and esophagus. The complete checkup takes 30 seconds to a many twinkles. Certain CT reviews bear a special color, called discrepancy, to be delivered into the body before the test thresholds. Differ highlights specific areas inside the body and creates a clearer image.
Ionizing radiation is farther distributed into electromagnetic radiation and particulate radiation. Electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, which can be allowed of as energy packets, traveling in the form of a surge.
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b. A 24 year old newly diagnosed with seizures is prescribed phenytoin. The client asks the nurse if she will still be able to take her oral contraceptive medication. How should the nurse respond?
The nurse must respond to the query of the women on oral contraceptive by responding that she must use a different form of birth control while taking phenytoin, which means option B is the right answer.
Oral Contraceptives are the pills which are taken by the women before and after intercourse to prevent the egg from fertilizing. It is one of the most commonly used method to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Phenytoin is the anti-seizure drug which is used to decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It has some side effects like flu, rashes etc. Phenytoin can reduce the effects of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and so the women will have to extra dosage of contraceptives which can be harmful for the body and so she is advised to use another method of birth control.
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To refer to complete question, see below:
A patient is to begin taking phenytoin [Dilantin] for seizures. The patient tells the nurse that she is taking oral contraceptives. What will the nurse tell the patient?
a. She may need to increase her dose of phenytoin while taking oral contraceptives.
b. She should consider a different form of birth control while taking phenytoin.
c. She should remain on oral contraceptives, because phenytoin causes birth defects.
d. She should stop taking oral contraceptives, because they reduce the effectiveness of phenytoin.
What effect on sodium and chloride ions would a patient with Addison's disease (decrease in aldosterone secretion) experience
A decrease in aldosterone production (e.g., Addison disease) causes increased sodium loss from the kidney and hyponatremia.
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances come from aldosterone deficit, which promotes urine loss of salt, chloride, and water. Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine illness marked by insufficient synthesis of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the adrenal gland cells, resulting in adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms often appear gradually and insidiously, and may include stomach discomfort, gastrointestinal problems, weakness, and weight loss.
Addison's disease is caused by adrenal gland abnormalities that result in insufficient production of the steroid hormones cortisol and potentially aldosterone. It is a genetically predisposed autoimmune condition in which the body's own immune system has begun to target the adrenal gland. While it can occur after TB, in many adult instances, the cause of the condition is unknown.
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