Answer:
The Loop of Henle serves to create a concentration gradient throughout the nephron which helps increase the reabsorption of water and certain ions. In the thin descending limb, water is very permeable and is reabsorbed due to the existing concentration gradient in the medulla.
A tight rope walker who does not want to change his position will want the forces acting on him to be what?
O unbalanced
O balanced
O small
o large
Answer:
The correct answer is A. balanced.
Which two major parts of the Earth system does this photo most cieery
show?
A. Geosphere
B. Cryosphere
C. Atmosphere
D. Biosphere
Answer:
I'd say that your answers are A) and B).
A positive control is a sample in an experiment that produces a known result to compare with the test sample after the same treatment. It is used to control for unknown variables and confirms that all your reagents work.
In this case, the positive control is a cell line expressing wild-type CCR5.
Which of the following do you think will be a good positive control for this experiment?
a) T Cell Helper Line
b) Macrophage cell line without CD4
c) Unedited wild type macrophage
d) Edited macrophage
Explanation:
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enters target cells by first binding to the primary receptor CD4 and then to a coreceptor, generally one of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 (4). CD4 binding induces structural changes in the envelope (Env) glycoprotein that form and expose the coreceptor binding site. There are two main interactions between Env and coreceptor (13, 14, 25, 50, 51): the base of the third variable loop (V3) engages the N terminus of the coreceptor, while the crown of the V3 loop that includes the highly conserved GPGR/Q arch motif binds to the extracellular loops of the coreceptor, with the second extracellular loop of the coreceptor being particularly important (16, 25, 35, 48, 62). Although some HIV-1 strains are able to use a variety of different G protein-coupled receptors to gain entry into CD4+ cell lines, the great majority of these viruses use CCR5 and/or CXCR4 as coreceptors to infect primary cells (3, 4, 10, 23, 47, 66). CCR3, GPR15, APJ, and FPRL-1 are among the most frequently used alternative coreceptors when overexpressed on cell lines (11, 26, 43, 47, 57). Rare cases of HIV-1 strains that are able to use FPRL-1 and GPR1, but not CCR5 or CXCR4, have been reported (57); however, their in vivo relevance remains unknown.
To characterize the biological processes underlying HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission, we recently developed an experimental strategy that permits the identification, enumeration, and molecular cloning of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses (28, 53). This strategy, which employs single-genome amplification (SGA) and direct amplicon sequencing of HIV/SIV RNA or DNA from the plasma or infected cells, makes it possible to infer the nucleotide sequence of the viral strain(s) that initiated productive infection weeks earlier (1, 28, 29, 37, 53, 58, 67). An important prediction of this approach has been that inferred T/F viruses are fully functional and encode all proteins necessary to establish a new infection. Indeed, this prediction has been borne out in numerous studies, which have shown that T/F viral genes as well as full-length genomes are biologically active. Sets of T/F Envs have been shown to mediate efficient virus entry in single-round infection assays, and they invariably use CCR5 as a coreceptor (28, 34). Similarly, T/F infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV-1, SIVmac and SIVagm all produce replication competent virus that grow to high titers in primary CD4+ T cells (22, 38, 54).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Amplification of the HIV-1 env gene. Serial plasma samples collected from an acutely infected plasma donor, ZP6248, were purchased from ZeptoMetrix. A total of seven plasma samples were collected between 12 February and 9 March 1997, and viral loads (VLs) were determined by the COBAS Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test.
Sequence analysis. All SGA amplicons were sequenced directly by cycle sequencing and dye terminator methods using an ABI 3730xl genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Individual sequences were assembled and edited using the Sequencher program 4.7 (Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, MI). The env sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL W (60), and manual adjustment for optimal alignment was done using MASE (20).
mineral
hardness
way it breaks
luster
streak
color
Galena
2.5
cleavage
metallic
gray-black
silver, gray
Magnetite
6
fracture
metallic
black
black
Hematite
6
fracture
metallic-dull
red-brown
red-brown, silver, black
Susan wants to identify a dark, heavy mineral sample she found in the classroom collection. She
notices there are three minerals in a chart in a reference book that might match her sample. Susan
next observes that her sample mineral has flat, reflective surfaces that break into boxlike steps. She
infers the mineral may be galena. If she is correct, one more test will verify her inference. Which
property would to best for her to observe next?
hardness
O luster
O streak
O color
Explain the Identification methods
23. What is MOST likely TRUE about forensic scientists?
A
They have to follow the rules of the judicial system.
B
Most are biologists who decided to study forensics.
C
They are not permitted to use hazardous materials.
D
Many of them become certified immediately after high school.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
many of them become certified
Answer:
They have to follow the rules of the judicial system.
but if not i believe it might be b :) hope this helps!
Explanation:
Can you help me please
Answer:
what is the question? please give more details
Explanation:
what is the genetic causes of edward syndrome
Answer:
A baby with Edwards' syndrome has 3 copies of chromosome number 18 instead of 2. This affects the way the baby grows and develops. Having 3 copies of chromosome 18 usually happens by chance, because of a change in the sperm or egg before a baby is conceived.
Explanation:
Punnet square? Someone know who to do this
Answer:
Punnet squares are basically how you can somewhat "predict" the outcome of gene pools.
Explanation:
As you can see, the capital letters (RY) are dominant alleles meaning they will be the trait that shows no matter what. the lower case letters (ry) show recessive traits and will only show if paired with another recessive gene.
Genotype is the actual makeup so the letters. (Rr, Ry, ry... etc.)
Phenotype is the trait that shows such as brown hair, blue eyes, etc.
Frequency is just how many times the gene shows up and put as a fraction or percent.
5. What is the gel-like substance inside of cells called? *
O Cytoskeleton
Photoplasm
Photosynthesis
OCytoplasm
Answer:
cytoplasm
Explanation:
Answer:
cytoplasm
Explanation:
ignore how i selected them) PLEASE HELP ME. DO IT CORRECTLY PLEASEEEEEEE
HELp I will give brainliest thanks
DNA consists of ____ chains(s) of subuints, and RNA consists of _____ chain(s).
DNA has two chains of subunits and RNA has only one chain of subunits.
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid structure. Its function is to work as an original blueprint or the basic code for protein synthesis. A DNA molecule has deoxyribose sugar, it has lost an oxygen molecule from the 3' carbon.
It also has phosphates and nitrogenous bases like adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T) in a unique sequence. These sequences form two chains which are intertwined to form a double helix.
Ribonucleic acid or RNA is also a nucleic acid. This directly takes part in protein synthesis. It is an important nucleotide and has nucleic acid in long chains that are present in all living cells. It has ribose sugar. It has the same nucleotides as DNA except for uracil (U) replaces thymine (T).
The main role of RNA is to act as a messenger. It gets instructions from DNA and uses them for controlling protein synthesis. This is present in a single chain.
Therefore, DNA has two chains of subunits and RNA has only one chain of subunits.
Read more about nucleic acids, here
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Which solution is more diluted? Solution 1:
1000 mL of water
60g of salt
Solution 2:
500 ml of water 60 g of salt
A.Solution 1
B.Solution 2
C.Both solutions have the same concentration
Answer:
the answer is A: solution 1.
Explanation:
I’m thinking both what do you all think??
Answer:
I actually think a chemical change
Explanation:
The chemical composition should not change in a physical change so therefore I think it’s only a chemical change
This species of squirrel has been separated by the Grand
Canyon. Which term best describes the differences
between them?
) Variation
O b) Extinction
Population
d) Overpopulation
Hurry I have 10 minutes left pls
Answer:
Explanation:b
One strand of DNA nucleotides is read as 5' - GCATATTG - 3'. What would
be the complementary strand?
Answer:
The correct answer would be: 3' - CGTATAAC - 5'
Explanation:
DNA molecule is a double-stranded molecule structure that has two distinct nucleotide chains joined together with hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases of each strand. Adenine binds with thymine and cytosine binds with guanine by hydrogen bonds always in complementary strands.
These strands are complementary to one another as they have complementary bases in the complementary strand of one nucleotide chain of DNA. So,
5' - GCATATTG - 3' - DNA nucleotide of one strand
3' - CGTATAAC - 5' complementary strand
why do the other planets take longer to orbit the Sun than the inner planets do
Answer:
Outer planets take longer to orbit than inner planets because of the greater distance they need to cover. They also are further from the sun weakening the power of the suns gravitational pull which causes then to orbit slower.
Explanation:
!!
Answer:
Because there are outter planets
Explanation:
Bear in mind the biological definition of a species and also the appearance and distribution of the named populations of Ensatina. Which populations could be considered a species separate from E. e. eschscholtzii?
Answer:
E.e. oregonesis
E.e. platensis
E.e. xanthoptica
E.e. croceater
E.e. eschscholtzii
E.e. klaubori
Explanation:
The species mentioned above are probably separate species from E.e. eschscholtzii, which arose through ring speciation that occurs when a species is geographically distributed in a circular pattern. After this distribution, geographic isolation occurs, causing individuals in each different region to evolve differently, becoming other species, even reaching the point where it is not possible to cross them.
How are living things put together?
Answer:
All living things are made of cells; the cell itself is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms. In larger organisms, cells combine to make tissues, which are groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions.
Explanation:
list 5 characteristics that genes code for.
What is the benefit of
starting with two coples
of each chromosome in
Interphase I?
Answer:
Here u go sorry if wrong, if right u welcome ;)
The S phase of a cell cycle occurs during interphase, before mitosis or meiosis, and is responsible for the synthesis or replication of DNA. In this way, the genetic material of a cell is doubled before it enters mitosis or meiosis, allowing there to be enough DNA to be split into daughter cells
Explain how eutrophication can change an aquatic ecosystem into a land ecosystem. *
You are trying to help a friend sort some specimens in her lab. She collected organisms from a lake and forgot to label the sample with the part of the lake from which they were taken. Please select the item below that is correctly matched with its collection zone.
a. periphyton labeled "open water"
b. phytoplankton labeled "littoral zone"
c. anaerobic bacteria labeled "limnetic zone"
d. zooplankton labeled "limnetic zone"
e. cattails (emergent plants) labeled "profundal zone"
Answer:
D. zooplankton labeled "limnetic zone"
Explanation:
the zone called the limnetic zone is a well lighted and open zone in a body of fresh water such as the lake or the pond. this zone has the plankton in dominance. both the phytoplankton and the zooplankton. plankton play an important role in the food chain.
zooplankton are primary consumers in this limnetic zone. zooplankton consists of rotifers and copecod
Explain the basis for the great diversity of proteins in living organism.
Answer:
Explanation:
Protein functions are so diverse because of the many unique three-dimensional structures protein polymers form. Despite such variety, proteins also share several specific structural characteristics in their monomers, the amino acids. Structural similarities among amino acids make protein synthesis a uniform and regulated process; however, each amino acid contains a unique structural component as well. Specific differences between each amino acid interact to create unique three-dimensional protein structures. Combined, the similarities and differences between amino acids explain how cells can build a diverse pool of proteins from the same set of building blocks. Protein synthesis involves building a polymer of amino acids with complex three-dimensional structure. Dehydration synthesis forms a peptide bond between amino acids and releases a water molecule.
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All of the following statements about classification are true EXCEPT which of these.
O A) Scientists classify things based on their characteristics.
OB) Scientists classify things to help stay organized.
O C) Scientists classify things to make more work for themselves.
OD) Scientists classify things based on color, size, and shape.
write a short essay (not more than 5 sentence ) on how you think life began on earth
Answer:
The earliest known life-forms are putative fossilized microorganisms, found in hydrothermal vent precipitates, that may have lived as early as 4.28 Gya (billion years ago), relatively soon after the oceans formed 4.41 Gya, and not long after the formation of the Earth 4.54 Gya.
Explanation:
Which statistical test compares
more than 2 sets of data and finds
the difference between the data
and the expected values?
A. t-test
B. ANOVA
C. chi-square
Answer: B
Explanation: ANOVA is the right answer: Acellus
A plant can be classified in more than one category. True False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
theres a bunch of different categories depending on the subject
What features of integrated pest management make it a good approach to preserving ecosystems?
Answer:
Allowing a small but controlled portion of a pest population to remain does less damage to ecosystems, soils, water, and air. Another feature of IPM would be making a habitat more complex, such as mazes, so it can slow the spread of parasites. No-till or low-till agriculture is another feature of IPM because this helps natural enemies of some pests to build up in the soil, whereas plowing destroys the habitats of these enemies.
Explanation:
Edgen 2020 plus I got a 100 when I typed this out.