Match the following answers
In which phase of the cell cycle interphase
are chromosomes duplicated
(DNA is copied)
Which types of human cells use
mitosis to make more cells?
If a somatic cell has a diploid
chromosome number of 20, then
after mitosis is complete each of
the new resulting cells will have
this many chromosomes
A
w
25
S
H
YOU WON'T USE
ALL OF THESE
20
prophase
Skin
cells
Bone
Cells
10
Egg
cells
Muscle
Cells
40
Hair Cells
telophase
Sperm
Cells

Place the appropriate characteristic with the corresponding type of cytokinesis . Plant cell cytokinesis.

Cytokinesis is the physical procedure that eventually splits the discern cell into two identical daughter cells. for the duration of cytokinesis, the mobile membrane pinches in at the cell equator, forming a cleft referred to as the cleavage furrow.

Cytokinesis, in biology, the process by way of which one cellular bodily divides into two cells. Cytokinesis represents the most important reproductive system of unicellular organisms, and it takes place within the manner of embryonic improvement and tissue increase and restore of higher vegetation and animals.

That is additionally often known as cytoplasmic department or mobile cleavage. Cytokinesis starts offevolved in anaphase in animal cells and prophase in plant cells, and terminates in telophase in both, to shape the two daughter cells produced via mitosis.

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Direct long-term functions, such as growth control is not a function of the nervous system.

Nervous system includes brain, spinal cord and also a complex network of nerves.

The nervous system, together with the endocrine system, is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis. Through its receptors, nervous system keeps in touch with both external and internal environment.

The thalamus acts as integrating center for sensory information going to the cerebrum and also the output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum.

The nervous system is that part of the body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary action and transmits signals in different parts of the body.

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The statement all of the hamstrings insert on both the tibia and the fibula is not true of the hamstring group of muscles (Option B).

The hamstring group of muscles can be defined as voluntary skeletal muscles that can be found in the back thigh of the human body.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the hamstring group of muscles can be found in the back thigh of the human body but not all of them are inserted on both the tibia and the fibula.

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Answer: C

Explanation: C

The sexual strategies theory holds that women should be choosier than men in selecting mates because women "can produce a limited number of offspring."

Sexual strategies are the methods that people utilize to attain sexual or mating objectives. Humans have developed a variety of sexual tactics, including short-term and long-term mating. According to sexual strategies theory (SST), humans have evolved a complex menu of mating strategies, that some of these mating adaptations are tethered to the temporal dimension of mating, and that, while some mating adaptations are similar in women and men, others differ significantly between the sexes. Intrasexual selection in females, like in men, entails competition for key resources necessary for access to mates.

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Mitotic division in onion root cells:

Mitosis is a cell division through the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The purpose of mitosis is for growth and regeneration which results in two daughter cells that are identical to the original parent cell. Mitosis occurs only once and lasts only during somatization.

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The portal system is an anatomical structure that is also observable in at least two other organs.

A portal system is one in which veins begin and end in capillaries. It transports nutrient-rich blood to the liver for purification before transporting it to the heart. The portal venous system transports capillary blood to the liver from the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen. The portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins behind the pancreas's neck.

The hepatic portal system, the hypophyseal portal system, and (in non-mammals) the renal portal system are examples of such systems. The hepatic portal system gets its name from the fact that it connects capillaries in the intestines and other digestive organs to modified capillaries in the liver (hepatic sinusoids).

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The equation for cellular respiration is the exact reverse of photosynthesis in that the products of one process are the reactants of the other.

As we all know, every cell needs energy to carry out its activities because it is the structure and function of life. As a result, cellular respiration relates to breathing which happens at the smallest scale of our bodies, the cellular level.

A glucose molecule gradually decomposes into both water and carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. In the process of transforming glucose, some ATP is directly produced. But far more ATP is eventually created through a procedure known as oxidative phosphorylation.

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A self-fertilizing plant with genotype ttyypp will not produce any offspring that is tall, with green seeds, and with purple flowers.

Since they were all yellow, yellow has the upper hand over green in this situation. One Y is enough to obscure the y and turn the peas yellow. The recessive green is subordinated to the one yellow.

In a hybrid between heterozygous yellow-seeded and green-seeded plants, 50% of the offspring will have yellow seeds and 50% will have green seeds.

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Option A is correct  Phylogenetic trees could be considered physical representations of hypotheses―those that seek to establish the evolutionary relationships between different organisms.

A branching diagram or tree illustrating the evolutionary relationships among distinct biological species or other entities based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic traits is known as a phylogenetic tree (sometimes referred to as an evolutionary tree or phylogeny). A phylogenetic tree depicts the relationship between several creatures by tracing the course of evolution from a shared ancestor to various descendants. The relationships between individuals in a population to the entire history of life on Earth can all be represented by trees.

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Answer:

Explanation:

not sure what the question is one is amswered one  is not very readable

There are two lysine codons (AAA, AAG) and two asparagine codons (AAC, AAU).

A codon is a three-nucleotide (DNA or RNA) sequence that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a specific amino acid or signaling the end of protein synthesis (stop signals). There are 64 different codons, 61 of which specify amino acids and three of which serve as stop signals.

Lysine, or L-lysine, is an essential amino acid, which means it is required for human health but cannot be produced by the body. Lysine must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Protein is made up of amino acids such as lysine.

In humans, asparagine is a non-essential amino acid. It is a beta-amido derivative of aspartic acid and is important in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other proteins.

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A double circulatory system has two loops, one from the heart to the lungs and one from the heart to the rest of the human body. The advantage of a double circulatory system is that blood can be pumped to the rest of the body at a higher pressure than the rate at which it is pumped in a single circulatory system.

The double circulatory system, also defined as the double loop circulatory system, is a type of circulatory system that includes two separate circuits for blood flow that cause blood to pass through the heart twice in the same cycle. This is the type of circulatory system that is present in most mammals. There are two loops of blood vessels in the heart:

Together, the two circuits help to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood at the same time. Even though it takes up a little more energy than a single circuit system, it is way more efficient and faster than the single circuit system.

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The biological advantage of the pupillary light reflex is that it allows the eye to adjust the amount of light reaching the retina.

The pupillary light reflex constricts the pupil in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina at the back of eye.  It helps in the adaptation of vision to various levels of lightness/darkness.

When the intensity of light is high, the pupils constrict to allow low light of light reaching the retina and when the intensity is low, the pupils dilate to allow more light.

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An invasive outpatient operation known as a lumbar puncture (LP), sometimes known as a spinal tap, is used to take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid.

In order to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, a needle is inserted between two lumbar vertebrae during a lumbar puncture. In order to protect your brain and spinal cord from injury, this fluid surrounds them.

To diagnose or treat a condition, a lumbar puncture (LP) or spinal tap may be carried out. In order to perform this procedure, your healthcare provider places a hollow needle in the subarachnoid space, which surrounds the spinal column in the lower back.

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Answer: its M

Explanation:

i did the k-12 test :)

Similarities between b cells and t cells are  ii) both undergo clonal selection after encountering an antigen. iii) both maintain an immunological memory of previously encountered antigens.

Both B and T cells originate in the bone marrow. These cells are involved in adaptive immunity. T cells can clean infected or cancerous cells. They also helps to mediate immune response by helping B lymphocytes by eliminate the attacking pathogens.

B lymphocytes create a type of protein called an antibody. B cells and T cells are important components of the immunity system.

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The Krebs cycle and the Calvin cycle are similar in that they both create energy and sugar.

They differ from one another because the Krebs cycle uses 3-carbon molecules while the Calvin cycle requires carbon dioxide.

The Krebs Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, and the Calvin Cycle are both biological processes that take place in nature. Both cellular processes occur in cycles. Different molecules enter the process, and various molecules also leave it. The Krebs Cycle generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which the Calvin Cycle then uses as fuel. Additionally, only photosynthetic plants experience the oxygen-free Calvin Cycle. On the other hand, the Krebs Cycle necessitates oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria of all types of cells.

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The intramolecular cyclization reaction of glucose in Generates a chiral center.

In order to create the matching saturated nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, -haloalkyl amines and alcohols undergo intramolecular hydrogen bonding (a hydrogen bond created between two functional groups of the same molecule) (an SN2 reaction within the same molecule)

What is the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular?

The atom-atom bonds that hold molecules together are known as intramolecular forces. Molecules in a solid or liquid are held together by intermolecular forces.

What are the 3 types of intramolecular forces?

Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding are the three types of intramolecular forces. Between two nonmetals, covalent bonds are formed. Atoms share electrons in this kind of relationship. Covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar.

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Under conditions of excess oxygen, rubisco will use o2 instead of co2 and less carbon is fixed. This process is called photorespiration.

In the Calvin Cycle, a process known as photorespiration takes place during plant metabolism. The crucial enzyme RuBisCO, which fixes carbon dioxide, reacts with oxygen in this mechanism as opposed to carbon dioxide. It happens when the amount of carbon dioxide in the air decreases and rubisco runs out of carbon dioxide to repair, so it starts fixing oxygen. When conditions are right, C3 plants receive enough water, there is a plentiful supply of carbon dioxide, and photorespiration is not an issue.

High temperatures and light intensity both have an impact on photorespiration, boosting the production of glycolate and the flow via the photorespiratory pathway.

The synthesis and metabolism of a tiny particle called glycolate are linked to photorespiration, which results in the light-dependent uptake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide.

Given that photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct and photorespiration produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct, and that the aforementioned gases serve as the raw materials for both processes, photosynthesis, and photorespiration are two biological processes (in flourishing plants) that can operate concurrently side by side.

Around 50 ppm of carbon dioxide is the point at which RuBisCO starts combining oxygen with RuBP in place of carbon dioxide.

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By approximately 40% has the concentration of carbon dioxide increased in the atmosphere since 1950.

Carbon dioxide concentrations are rising primarily as a result of the fossil fuels that people use for energy. Coal and oil are fossil fuels that contain carbon that plants extracted from the atmosphere over millions of years through photosynthesis.

The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increased by 2.5 parts per million (ppm) in 2021 and is expected to rise by another 2.5ppm in 2022, resulting in global atmospheric concentrations of 417.2ppm on average for the year. This represents a 51% increase in atmospheric CO2 compared to pre-industrial levels. The presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere warms the planet, resulting in climate change. In less than 200 years, human activities have increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere by 50%.

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The probability will be 2.5%.

The autosomal traits are those traits that occur in an individual due to some changes in the personal DNA.

This doesn't affect the offspring genetically based on gender. Which means these are not related to the genes which are passed on from on generation to another or the sex-related traits.

These traits can be dominant and can be recessive. The dominant trait is can be seen in the next generation affecting anyone. This trait is dominant over the other traits while the recessive traits are not found exactly in the next generation. They may or may not occur. The individual can be carrier of that trait but it won't be shown as the resultant affecting that individual in any manner.

Here, we have 41 offspring exhibiting the dominant trait and 16 offspring exhibiting the recessive traits.

Therefore the probability of these traits can be said to be just 2.5% or we can say approx every 2 individual shows dominant trait over every 1 individual showing recessive trait.

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The student I agree with most is Carlos who said, “I think the desert plants are the most important organism because they start each food chain.” That is option C.

Food chain is defined as the pathway that shows the flow of nutrients and energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

The food chain is made up of various parts that includes the following:

From the given options, the student that is correct is Carlos. This is because the producers which is the desert plants are the most important part of the food chain.

This is because they use the energy from the sun to manufacture their own food while other parts of the food chain depends on the manufactured food.

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Epinephrine acts as a signal molecules that attaches to G-protein-linked receptor proteins.

An injection of epinephrine is administered to cure severe allergic responses (including anaphylaxis) to meals, medications, insect stings, foods, or other substances in an emergency. It also is used to treat hypersensitivity brought on by unidentified chemicals or brought on by physical activity.

Epinephrine, often known as "adrenaline," is a peptide that the body naturally produces and has a variety of uses. Increasing blood pressure and heart rate are two effects. In cases where a patient's blood pressure is extremely low, doctors can elevate blood pressure by administering epinephrine as a medicine.

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The complete question is -

Epinephrine acts as a signal molecules that attaches to ____ proteins.

1. ion-channel receptor

2. nuclear receptor

3. G-protein-linked receptor

4. receptor tyrosine kinase

5. intracellular receptor

Answer:

responsiveness to the environment;

growth and change;

ability to reproduce;

have a metabolism and breathe;

maintain homeostasis;

being made of cells; and.

passing traits onto offspring.

All living things have a number of traits; reproduction, growth, development, heredity. Metabolism, etc.

What are characteristics of life?

How can you distinguish between what is living and what is not? There isn’t just one single thing that separates a living being from a non living one. A dog moves, but a car does as well. A tree grows bigger, but a cloud does as well. Life is defined by certain characteristics that living beings share. Something that contains all characteristics of life can be considered to be a living thing.

A single living creature is known as an organism. Living organisms share many characteristics. They are:

• Growth and change

• Response to the environment

• Complex chemistry

• Made up of cells

• Metabolism

• Reproduce

• Genetic material passed onto their offspring

Therefore, growth, development, reproduction, metabolism, heredity etc, are all characteristics that distinguish a living thing from a non living thing.

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According to the AT/GC rule, DNA replication depends just on complementarity of DNA.

Complementarity is a characteristic of DNA:RNA duplexes and other double-stranded nucleic acids in molecular biology. The base pairs that connect each strand to the other are non-covalently linked by two to three hydrogen bonds, making each strand complimentary to the other.

Watson and Crick developed the four, double-helical hypothesis for the structure of DNA as a result of Chargaff's discovery that A = T and C = G as well as some critically significant X-ray crystallography studies by English scholars Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins.

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The ratio of neutron to protons rises as the number of protons rises, which is another observation about the band of stability.

Within an atom's nucleus are protons, which have a positive charge. Every element, whether created in a lab or in the natural world, has at least one proton. Although a proton's mass is 1840 times more than that of an electron, it is equal to that of a neutron. The outside of the nucleus is surrounded by electrons, which are negatively charged particles.

While the electron circles the proton, which makes up the nucleus, Similar to helium, which is seen in Figure 2.2, all other atoms have neutrons in addition to protons in their nuclei. The neutrons aid in keeping the nucleus together by helping the positive charge protons repel one another.

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The actions that will introduce confounding variables into Hakeem's experiment of testing the effects of sunlight on samples of soil will be:

(B) He tests for multiple hypotheses at a time.

(E) He uses different varieties of soil in each of his samples.

Variables are the factors of an experiment that can themselves change or exhibit the potential to change the results of the experiment. There are three types of variables: the dependent variable, the independent variable and the controlled variable.

Hypothesis can be defined as any statement or theory that has no significant proof. That theory may be or may not be true and applicable.

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The "ecological arks" are regions that are particularly abundant in tree species that are unique to those locations and in grave danger of going extinct.

Extinction is the loss of a species as a result of environmental factors or problems with evolution. The rate of species extinction on Earth is ongoing, and it has fluctuated over time. According to the IUCN Red List, 25% of mammals face extinction. In a way, extinction is inevitable.

Scientists believe that endangered species' specific habitats should be preserved. There must be places where animals may live, eat, and raise their young. Deforestation, oil and gas extraction, overgrazing, and development all lead to the degradation of habitat.

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Answer: The cell wall is fully permeable to smaller molecules with the size of 30-60 kDa. The membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of the substance into and outside the cell. Functions include protection from the external environment.

Explanation: