molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. in dilute aqueous solutions of electrolytes, the greater the number of particles produced by the electrolyte per kilogram of water, the lower the freezing point of the solution. the freezing points of dilute aqueous solutions of equal molality of the two electrolytes in which of the following pairs would be most different from each other?

The heat capacity of calorimeter is 133.76 J/c.

What is calorimeter?

A calorimeter is a device used in calorimetry, a procedure for calculating heat capacity and trying to measure the heat of chemical reactions or even other physical changes. Among the most popular kinds are dsc calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titrimetric calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters. A straightforward calorimeter is just a metal container with a thermometer suspended beyond a combustion chamber. It's one of the measurement tools used in the research of chemistry, biochemistry, and thermodynamics. The two substances A and B are separately added to a calorimeter, and the original and final temperatures are recorded, in order to determine the enthalpy change per mole of substance A in a reaction between those two substances.

We know:

mw Cw Ow = mc Cc delOc + Ccal delc

80g * 4.18/gc * (80-45)C = 80g * 4.18J/g * (45-20) + Ccal *(45-20)

= 11704J = 8360 + Ccal (25)

= 133.76 j/c

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The quantity weak acid present in solution is equal to the quantity of conjugate base created at the half equivalence point.

For weak acid/strong base titrations, the pH at the equivalence point is >7. This is because the solution consists of water, strong base (neutral) cations, and weak acid (base) anions. The pH at half the equivalence point volume (half the equivalence point) is the pKa.

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KClO₂, NaC₂H₃O₂, LiBrO, and LiCN will form basic solutions.

How is a basic solution formed?

A basic solution can be created easily. A solid base is dissolved in water to create a basic solution. Water reacts with some solid bases as a result, producing hydroxide ions. For instance, when water (H2O) is exposed to NaOH, the reaction results in Na+ and OH-.

LiBrO in an aqueous solution is basic. This conjugate base creates hydroxide ions when it is in equilibrium with the water.

Salt that is basic is NaC₂H₃O₂. Salts produced by the interaction of a strong base and a weak acid are typically basic. The solution will be basic.

The potassium ion in KClO₂ does not hydrolyze in water. Due to the ionization of ClO−2 C l O 2 − hydroxide ions are formed. This results in a solution with a basic pH value. Similarly, LiCN is also basic in water.

Hence, the answer is all of the above.
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Answer:: 1100 j

Explanation:

Solid aluminum has a specific heat capacity of 0.90 J/ gK joules of heat are absorbed to raise the temperature of 24.0 grams of aluminum from 300. K to 350. K is 11.080 J

Heat is the transfer of kinetic energy from one medium or object to another from an energy source to a medium or object

Here given data is

Specific heat capacity = 0.90 J/gK

Temperature = 300. K to 350. K = 350 - 300 = 50 K

Mass =  24.0 grams

We have to calculate the heat = ?

Q =mCΔT

Q =  24.0 grams× 0.90×50 K

Q = 11.080 J

11.080 J  heat are absorbed to raise the temperature

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The mass of the products when 5g of a chemical A is combined with 5g of chemical B is 10g.

The law of conservation of mass is a law of classical physics that states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant regardless of the chemical or physical changes that take place within it.

The law explains that a mass in an isolated system can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another”.

This means that in a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products.

According to this question, chemical A has a mass of 5 grams and chemical B has a mass of 10 grams. If these two chemicals are mixed and a complete chemical reaction occurs, the total mass of the products in accordance with the law of conservation of mass is 5g + 5g = 10 grams.

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470 g  of NaHCO3 is decomposed by 256kJ when exposed to heat.

How to find the mass of    NaHCO3?

From the balanced equation,

2x84 g NaHCO3 absorbs 91.5 kJ

X g NaHCO3 absorbs 256 KJ

X= 2x84x 256/91.5

X= 470 g NaHCO3

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a substance that, when heated, can decompose. Sodium bicarbonate begins to disintegrate into sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide at temperatures over 176 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius) (CO2).

The sodium bicarbonate will break down more quickly the hotter it is. The only product that will still be solid is sodium carbonate. At the warm temperature, both carbon dioxide and water are gaseous, therefore they will dissipate into the ambient air.

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Answer:

Bromine has 7 electrons but to complete the octet you add one more electron so it has a net charge of 1-

Explanation:

A scientific law is different from a scientific theory because it describes something in nature without attempting to explain it, this statement is true.

A scientific law foretells the outcomes of particular beginning circumstances. It may tell you what color hair your unborn kid would have or how far a baseball will go when fired at a specific angle.In contrast, a theory seeks to offer the best plausible justification for why events take place the way they do.

A scientific law often describes an observable phenomena. It doesn't explain the phenomenon's existence or its origins. A scientific theory is the explanation for a phenomena. It is untrue that with enough study, hypotheses become laws.

Thus, a scientific law is different from a scientific theory because it describes something in nature without attempting to explain it, this statement is true.

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Explanation:

Absolute zero is the temperature at which particles have theoretically zero kinetic energy.

The higher temperature of the hot tea means that the water molecules in the tea will move faster on average than the water molecules in ice cream.

The calculated percentage yield will not change because in this reaction acetone is the limiting reactant and not benzaldehyde. Hence, the excess amount of benzaldehyde does not affect the yield.

The percentage yield of a reaction is the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. It determines how much of the reaction is completed.

In the reaction of benzaldehyde with acetone the yield of the precipitate dibenzalacetone is dependent on the acetone since it is the limiting reactant which determines the amount of product.

Therefore, the changed amount of benzaldehyde does not affected to the yield.

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Your question is incomplete. But your complete question was as follows:

In step #2 of the procedure, you weighed out and used 2 g of benzaldehyde instead of 1. 17 g .Would the calculated percentage yield of the precipitate (dibenzalacetone)

be too high

, too low, or

unaffected by the following?

The mass of Magnesium carbonate is 0.275 g.

The balanced chemical reaction is shown below,

Na₂CO₃ + Mg(NO₃)₂ → 2 NaNO₃ + MgCO₃

0.200 M   0.0650 M                                        ?

10.0           5.00 mL                                          ?

Since the volume and concentration of Mg(NO₃)₂ and Na₂CO₃ is given, we can calculate the number of moles for each of them and then determine the limiting reagent.

Convert the volume of  Mg(NO₃)₂and Na₂CO₃ to liters:

5.00 mL x ( 1 L/1000 mL ) =   5.00 x 10⁻³ L

10.00 mL x ( 1L/ 1000 mL ) = 1.000 x 10 ⁻² L

Number of  mol Mg(NO₃)₂ = (0.0650 mol /L) x 5.00 x 10⁻³ L

                                            = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol Mg(NO₃)₂

Number of mol Na₂CO₃ = (0.200 mol / L) x 1 x 10⁻² L  

                                        = 2.000 x 10⁻³  mol Na₂CO₃

Limiting reagent = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol Mg(NO₃)₂ x ( 1 mol Na₂CO₃ / mol  Mg(NO₃)₂ )

                           = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  Na₂CO₃ required .

Limiting reagent is Mg(NO₃)₂ since 2.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  Na₂CO₃ is required to

react completely with  2.25 x 10⁻⁴ Mg(NO₃)₂, and there is an excess.

Number of moles of MgCO₃ produced is calculates as follows:

= 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  Mg(NO₃)₂ x ( 1 mol MgCO₃ / 1 mol Mg(NO₃)₂ )

= 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  MgCO₃

The formula for calculating number of moles is given as :

Mole = mass/molar mass

⇒ Mass= Mole × molar mass

Mass = 3.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol  MgCO₃ x   84.31 g/mol

         = 0.275 g

Hence, the mass of MgCO₃ is 0.275 g

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The mole of oxygen are formed from KMNO3 is 0.724 mol.

calculation:-

Given the mass of KNO3 KNO3 is 82.5g

The molar mass is 101.11 g/mol.

Mole of KNO3 = 82.5g/ 101.11 g.

0.724 mol

From the balanced equation, it is clear that for every 1 mole of KNO3 K N O 3 = 54 moles of oxygen are required.

Therefore, 0.724 mol of oxygen is required for forming 82.5 g of KNO3 KNO 3.

The formula mass of a substance is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms that make up the ionic compound. It is generally used for ionic compounds that do not contain individual molecules but contain ions as building blocks. Mass can be defined as a measure of the amount of matter in the body. Weight is a measure of weight acting on the mass. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram.

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The volume of the ideal gas sample after the reaction takes place is 13.5 L.

We need to know about the ideal gas theory to solve this problem. The ideal gas is assumed that there is no interaction between particles in a gas. It can be determined by the equation

P . V = n . R . T

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol.K) and T is temperature.

From the question above, we know that

n1 = 0.17 mol

n2 = 0.085 mol

V = 13.5 L

When the initial and final temperature is the same, we can use the ratio of mol and volume as

n / V = constant

Hence,

ntotal / Vtotal = n1 / V + n2 / V

0.17 + 0.085 / Vtotal = 0.17 / 13.5 + 0.085 / 13.5

0.255 / Vtotal = 0.255 / 13.5

Vtotal = 13.5 L

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Yes, mass is conserved when 40 g of sodium hydroxide undergoes a chemical change during an interaction with 36.5 g of hydrogen chloride

What is the law of  conservation of mass?

According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products for a low energy thermodynamic process.

It is believed that there are a few assumptions from classical mechanics which define mass conservation. Later the law of conservation of mass was modified with the help of quantum mechanics and special relativity that energy and mass are one conserved quantity. In 1789, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier discovered the law of conservation of mass.

Any chemical reaction must follow the law of conservation of mass. Meaning that mass cannot be created nor destroyed. Since all chemical reactions must follow this law, no matter what reaction happens, mass is conserved.

NaOh + HCL - NaCl +H2O

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Answer: it transfers out of the metal the heat stops and the energy is absorbed by other things

Explanation:

Moles of p-nitrobenzaldehyde is  0.001985mol.

What do you mean by Cannizzaro Reaction?

Cannizzaro reaction is a chemical reaction named after Stanislao Cannizzaro that involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to yield a carboxylic acid and a primary alcohol.

theoretical yield of p-nitrobenzoic acid

=0.001985 mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*1mol p-nitrobenzoic acid/2mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*167.12g/1mol

=0.166g

theoretical yield of p-nitrobenzyl alcohol

=0.001985mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*1mol p-nitrobenzyl alcohol/2mol p-nitrobenzaldehyde*153.12g/1mol

=0.152g

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A U.S department of agriculture law on how much coloring or other additives can be in food is an example of administrative law or regulation.

The American system is a common law system that relies heavily on case law to give formal judgments. In our common law system, even where the law is concerned, the judicial outcome of previous litigation is of great importance to the court's decision on that previous matter. Farm bills and reauthorization of children's meals.

As detailed on the Farm Bill page the Omnibus Farm Bill is the cornerstone of US food policy and is approved by Congress every five years. Free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies, as well as adequate legal assistance, should not be denied to anyone on the basis of poverty. Regulations are regulations made by executive departments and agencies and categorized by subject matter in federal regulations.

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There are 3 major steps involved in the mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydration of propene they are formation of carbocation, nucleophile attacks on carbocation and Deprotonation to form alcohol.

Acid catalyzed hydration is the process of breaking of a pi bond in an alkene or alkyne so that water can be added. It is an electrophilic hydration reaction because the water molecule acts as an electrophile once it has been protonated by the acid. It is an acid-catalyzed reaction because the acid, such as sulfuric acid, acts as a catalyst here.

There are 3 major steps involved in the mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydration of propene. They are as follows;

1. Carbocation formation from propene which is formed by attack of [tex]H_3O^{+}[/tex] ion.

2. In the next step nucleophile attacks the carbocation that is formed.

3. Next step is deprotonation takes place where water molecule is removed to form respective alcohol that is propanol

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Physical change does not alters the molecule or atoms that are present.

Physical changes are those changes that do not alter the identity of the molecules or atoms that are taking part in the chemical reaction. Or we can say that physical changes are changes in which no bonds are broken or formed. This means that the same types of compounds or elements that were present  at the beginning of the change are there at the end of the change as well. Because the ending materials are the same as the beginning materials, the properties (such as color, boiling point, etc.) will also be the same. Physical changes also  involve moving molecules around, but not changing them.

Whereas Chemical changes occur when bonds are broken and are formed between molecules or atoms. This means that one substance with a certain set of properties (such as melting point, color, taste, etc) is turned into a different substance which have different properties. Chemical changes are frequently harder to reverse than physical changes.

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The bond order for H2- and H2+ is calculated using the molecular orbital (MO) diagram.

Bond order: what is it?

If a molecule contains more than two atoms, the bond order must be determined by-

If there is no order in the bonds, molecules cannot form.

Create a schematic of the molecular orbitals (MO). As one electron is contributed by each hydrogen atom, H2 + has one electron while H2 - has three.

The result of calculating their bond order is:

Bond Order H 2+ = 1/2 x ( Bonding Antibonding ) = 1 /2 x ( 1 0 ) = 1 /2

Bond Order H 2- = 1/ 2 x ( Bonding Antibonding ) = 1/2 x ( 2 1 ) = 1/2 x 1 = 1/2

Both are equally stable, so neither is more so. However, they are unavoidably less stable than H2 .

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Is the source an authority on the subject? Option C.

Authorship is a concept that represents the authority an individual author has established on the web for a particular topic. Authors publishing on trusted sites build permissions and apply them when publishing on other platforms. A good example of a traditional system of power is a monarchy.

Most governments throughout history have ruled under this form of authority. In this form of rule, the subject accepts the nature of authority. They refrain from challenging the traditional rights of powerful groups and individuals. can be defined as Permissions that are important in determining a website's credibility. To determine who is responsible for the website who wrote the information etc.

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Magnesium is most reactive with noble gases.

Alkaline earth metal found in group 2 of the periodic table.All the elements of group 2 have beryllium,magnesium, and calcium strontium,barium.these all have 2 valence electrons each in their atom.this all can lose their 2 valence electron easily to form positive ions. These are divalent and ionic in their chemical reaction.metals gets oxidised by losing their valence electrons.the chemical reactivity of a metal is equivalent to their lose of electrons.strontium is group 2 element that does not occur as a free element due to its extreme reactivity with oxygen and water.noble gases have full valence shell electrons.so,magnesium is most reactive with noble gases.

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Answer:

Explanation:

In order to use a flashlight to see in the dark, the flashlight must first transform the electrical energy it receives from batteries into light energy.

What is flashlight?
A portable hand-held electric lamp is known as a torch (UK, Australia), or a flashlight (US, Canada). The light source used to typically be a tiny incandescent light bulb, but since the mid-2000s, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have taken their place. A typical flashlight is made up of a light source mounted inside a reflector, a transparent cover to shield the light source as well as reflector, a battery, a switch, and sometimes a lens. All of these components are housed in a case. Around 1899, the development of dry cells and tiny incandescent electric lamps made the first battery-operated flashlights feasible. Today's flashlights run on disposable as well as rechargeable batteries and mostly use light-emitting diodes. Some require the user to turn a crank, shake the lamp, or squeeze it in order to operate. Some batteries can be recharged using solar panels.

In order to use a flashlight to see in the dark, the flashlight must first transform the electrical energy it receives from batteries into light energy. This light energy is then emitted from the flashlight in a concentrated beam, which illuminates the area in front of the person using the flashlight and allows them to see in the dark.

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Simply put, a nonvolatile solute is something that does not readily vaporize. Additionally, it does not raise the solution's vapor pressure when dissolved in a solvent.

boiling level —————-> grows with a soluble

Volatile pressure —————-> Reduces with a soluble

freezing level ———————-> Reduces with a soluble

vanthoff factor is the basis for the largest variance. As the quantity of ions rises, the divergence also does.

LiCl ———-> two ions,

NaF ———-> ions,

CH3OH, 2 —————> zero ions

MgCl2 —————> 3 ions

Thus, MgCl2 has the largest variance.

Low vapour pressure and a high boiling point are characteristics of non-volatile substances. Non-volatile solutes include, for example, salt and sugar. Alcohol, mercury, and gasoline are examples of volatile substances.

Non-volatile materials: Non-volatile materials are those that do not quickly evaporate. At the typical room pressure and temperature, they don't have a greater vapor pressure. At room temperature, nonvolatile substances will mostly exist as solids. Nonvolatile substances include silver nitrate and sodium chloride.

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Using the regression equation, the concentration of a sample with an absorbance of 0.25 is 1.76*10^-5M

Using the regression equation obtained from the model,

y = 15200x - 0.018

y = absorbance. x = Concentration

Concentration of unknown dye sample with absorbance of 0.25:

Substitute the absorbance value y = 0.25 into the equation and calculate the concentration x:

0.25 = 15200x - 0.018

side

15200x = 0.25 + 0.018

15200X = 0.268

Division by 15200

x = (0.268 ÷ 15200)

x= 1.76*10^-5M, which is the concentration of the sample.

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The energy of combustion for 1 gm of the hydrocarbon is 0.56 kJ

What is a bomb calorimeter?

Bomb Calorimeter is a constant-volume  calorimeter which  measures the heat of a particular reaction or measures the calorific value of the fuels. They can withstand  large pressure produced within the calorimeter due to the reaction or burning of fuel.

The above question can be solved by

Energy of combustion = m X c X ΔT

m = mass of hydrocarbon burnt  ,

 c = heat capacity of calorimeter   ,

 ΔT = temperature change

Energy of combustion = 0.106g X 2.47kJ/K X 2.14K = 0.56kJ

Energy of combustion when 1g of hydrocarbon is burnt = (0.56kJ / 0.106g ) X 1g = 5.28kJ

Hence,  The energy of combustion for 1 gm of the hydrocarbon is 0.56 kJ

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Two kinds of carbonyl acceptor structures in addition to benzoate ester are dialkyl carbonate and benzophenone.

Grignard reaction is an organometallic organic chemical reaction in which alkyl, allyl, vinyl or aryl-magnesium halides who are called as Grignard reagent are added to the carbonyl group in aldehyde or ketone. This reaction is important for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. or basically they are mainly used for the formation of carbonyl compounds.

Triphenylmethanol can be synthesized by Grignard reaction using 3 different starting materials and also the different number of equivalents of Grignard reagent.

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Learn more about distillation and condensation process.

What is distillation?

Distillation is a process in which a liquid is transformed into a vapor and then condensed back into a liquid state. The simplest illustration of it is when distilled water drops are left on a chilly surface after being deposited as steam from a kettle.

What is condensation?

The process by which matter transitions from its initial gaseous form into its liquid state is known as condensation. For instance, condensation happens when airborne water vapor (in its gaseous form) makes the transition to liquid water upon coming into contact with a cooler surface.

Given density of isoamyl acetate = 0.88g/ml

volume of isoamyl acetate = 75 ml

MW of  isoamyl acetate = 130.2g/ml

Therefore, no.of moles =mass/ molar mass

and mass = density*volume

Therefore, no.of moles = density*volume/molar mass

= 0.88g/ml*75 ml/130.2g/ml

=0.55 moles

similarly for methyl benzoate

no. of  methyl benzoate = 1.09g/ml*115ml/136.2gml

=0.92 moles.

Boiling point of isoamyl acetate = 142°c (vaporize first)

Boiling point of methyl benzoate= 199.6°c (moves down)

mole fraction of isoamyl acetate = 0.51/0.57+0.92

=0.357

mole fraction of the methyl benzoate = 0.643

%of isoamyl acetate= 35.7%

%of methyl benzoate= 64.3%

mole ratio= 35.7:64.3

Initial boiling point 166°c

composition of vapor in equilibrium with liquid  75: 25 (using theoretical plate1)

                                                                                ↓     ↓

                                                                              IA      MB

Re vaporization at 145°c

composition of vapor, at 145°c

95:5 ( using theoretical plate 2)

↓     ↓

IA MB

Condensate⇒ low density mixture

% composition of Condensate= 95%

(IA) using two theoretical plates

Therefore, Condensate is 95%

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The phase change that is exothermic is option A: condensation

The molecules give up their thermal energy during condensation. Exothermic refers to the process where molecules release heat energy. Exothermic condensation would result. Keep in mind that thermic refers to "heat," while exo means "to leave."

Note that The best illustration of condensation—where water vapor transforms back into liquid water—are those huge, fluffy clouds hovering above your head. Additionally, as the water droplets in a cloud unite, they grow sufficiently heavy to create raindrops that can fall directly upon your head.

Therefore, While freezing, condensation, and deposition are exothermic processes, fusion, vaporization, as well as sublimation are endothermic processes. Phase changes, also known as phase transitions, include changes in state.

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