Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to evolution.
Variations are the differences of characteristics between two species or two populations. These variations can arise due to several reasons like: mutations, gene flow, sexual reproduction and even environmental influence.
Evolution is the long-term phenomenon where heritable changes occur in organisms over successive generations. Evolution is not an individual phenomenon instead it is a population phenomenon where the changes can be seen in a group of individuals. Variations are the stepping stone for evolution. The progenies of the population also exhibit the evolution.
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A promoter in a genome is a DNase-resistant site. Which of the following events could convert the site to a DNase hypersensitive site?
Choose All that Apply
A. The level of a transcription factor that binds a nearby enhancer increases.
B. A remodeling complex uses ATP to move nucleosomes to expose the promoter.
C. A histone acetyltransferase modifies histone tails in the vicinity of the promoter.
D. A remodeling complex uses ATP to move nucleosomes to block the promoter.
E. A histone deacetylase modifies histone tails in the vicinity of the promoter.
A promoter in a genome is a DNase-resistant website online. Which of the subsequent events ought to convert the website to a DNase hypersensitive site the level of a transcription issue that binds a close-by enhancer increases.
Option A. The level of a transcription factor that binds a nearby enhancer increases.
Transcription elements can bind to enhancer sequences located upstream or downstream from an associated gene, resulting in stimulation or enhancement of transcription of the related gene.
Enhancer certain transcription elements recruit co-activators and trendy factors of which a few had been shown to play a vital role in enhancer-promoter communication. one of the quality studied factors is the extensively expressed transcriptional cofactor Ldb1.
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Explain how microevolution and migration can affect an ecosystem?
Answer:
Migration can negatively impact an ecosystem if the migration is permanent and leads to the loss of native species. Temporary migration, such as in the case of birds flying south in the winter, can maintain the biodiversity of an ecosystem. Microevolution, like migration, can aid the survival of native species.
what is the difference between a gene that is derepressed and one that is induced? multiple choice there is no difference between a gene that is derepressed and one that is induced. a gene that is derepressed is turned on because a repressor protein is not bound without its cofactor. by comparison, a gene that is induced is turned on because an inducer molecule prevents binding of the repressor. a derepressed gene is turned off and an induced gene is activated to be expressed. genes that are derepressed are turned on because an inducer molecule is present. by comparison, a gene that is induced is turned on because a repressor protein is bound to the operator.
The difference between a gene that is de-repressed and one that is induced is: (2) a gene that is de-repressed is turned on because a repressor protein is not bound without its cofactor. By comparison, a gene that is induced is turned on because an inducer molecule prevents binding of the repressor.
Gene is the basic factor of heredity. It is the unit that carries the information for any trait or character. The gene is present on a chromosome. Each gene has its own specific location on chromosome called the locus.
Repressor is a protein molecule that inhibits the expression of genes. This is achieved by the binding of the repressor molecule to the promoter region so that enzymes like RNA polymerase cannot perform their function.
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If you cross 2 parrots that are heterozygous for color and barring, what is the possibility, in the form of a ratio, of a
blue and unbarred parrot as offspring?
Green Parakeets dominant (G)
Blue are recessive (g)
Barred wing pattern dominant (B) Unbarred recessive (b)
1/16
3/16
9/16
None of the above
Answer: 1/16
Explanation:
The ratio of blue and unbarred parrots as offspring is 1/16. The blue and unbarred are recessive characters. Hence, the first statement is the correct answer.
What is a Dihybrid cross?A Dihybrid cross involves two different traits, such as the gene for colour and the gene for wing. In the given statement, it is given that green is dominant over blue. G is dominant, and g (blue) is recessive. Blue will only express in recessive gg case.
The barred wing pattern is dominant over the unbarred wing pattern. B is dominant over b. Barred will express in BB and Bb condition while unbarred will express in bb condition .
When two heterozygous parents for colour (Gg) and barring (Bb) are crossed, the genotypes of each parent is GgBb. Each parent will form four gametes such as GB, Gb , gB , gb. Hence, total offspring will be 16, as four gametes form from each parent. 9 will be G_B_, 3 will be G_bb , 3 will be ggB_, 1 will be ggbb.
Hence , 1/16 is the ratio of blue and unbarred . First option is correct.
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which of the following actions helps maintain a sleep-promoting environment? group of answer choices warmth: set the thermostat in your bedroom to 68-70 degrees fahrenheit. light: keep the bedroom brightly lit until you are ready to go to sleep. cleanliness: wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and get rid of clutter. comfort: keep your cell phone, tv, laptop, and/or other devices by your bed so that you know you can reach them easily should you need them.
Comfort: Set the temperature in your bedroom between 68 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
Which of the following factors affects how much sleep someone needs?Medical disorders, drugs, stress, the environment in which you sleep, and what you eat and drink can all affect how much sleep you need. The amount of light exposure may have the biggest impact.
Which statement regarding REM sleep is accurate?Your breathing becomes erratic, your heart rate increases, and your eyelids move quickly behind your closed eyes while you are in REM sleep. Your brain is quite busy during REM sleep, and your brain waves become more varied than they do during other sleep stages, when your brain waves settle down.
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before a desired gene can be spliced into a bacterial plasmid cloning vector, the gene must first be
Though he is considered the greatest painter of the neoclassical and romantic periods, ___________ belonged to neither group.
The greatest painter of the neoclassical and romantic period is Fransico Goya who belongs to neither group.
In 1792, Goya became deaf due to an unknown disease. During his convalescence, he began making uncommissioned paintings, including portraits of women of all professions. Francisco Goya was one of the greatest European painters and printmakers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He is one of the youngest of the Old Masters and is believed to be one of the oldest of the Modern Masters. His work reflected the upheavals of our time and influenced important later artists in the world.
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These options list some behaviors of water that might be observed in nature or a biology laboratory, Select all of the behaviors that are
examples of adhesion.
Oclimbing the side of a glass graduated cylinder
Adhesion is the tendency of multiple debris or surfaces to dangle to at least one some other. The binding of a cell to some other cell, or a cell to a surface, through unique cell adhesion molecules.
A fibrous band of scar tissue that binds collectively usually separate physical structures. Cohesion and adhesion are water houses that describe how water molecules have interaction with every different. and the way water molecules have interaction with different such things as leaves or maybe you. Cohesion method that water likes to paste to itself. and adhesion method that water likes to paste to different things.
Adhesive Bonding is the system of becoming a member of surfaces collectively, typically with the advent of a clean bond. This may also contain using glue, epoxy, or certainly considered one among a huge variety of plastic dealers which bond both via the evaporation of a solvent or via curing through heat, time, or pressure.
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Options are not given properly.
Which two statements about interactions are correct?
Answer:
according to me it seems like it option B is the correct one
What is the correct sequence of events for activation of a b cell by a t-dependent antigen?.
The correct sequence of events for activation of B-cells by T-dependent antigen is recognition of antigen, fragmentation, binding and secretion.
The process can be understood as firstly immunoglobulin receptors on the B cell recognize and bind with the antigen, secondly an antigen fragment in complex with MHC class 2 is displayed on the B cell's surface, thirdly the MHC-antigen complex binds a receptor on a TH cell and finally the TH cell secretes cytokines that activate the B cell. B-cells are the antibody producing cells that produce antigen specific immunoglobin molecule to fight against the pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. These B-cells are found in bone marrow of an individual. Lesser number of B-cells in the body makes it prone to infections as the immune system gets weak. T cells are the types of white blood cells primarily involved in directly killing of infected host cells, activating other immune cells, producing cytokines and regulating the immune response.
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Many types of RNA are naturally present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Which of the following RNAs are NOT present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? (You can choose more than 1.)
a) CRISPR RNA
b) Ribosomal RNA
c) Transfer RNA
d) Micro RNA
e) Messenger RNA
The forms of RNA not present naturally in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are: (a) CRISPR RNA.
RNA stand for Ribonucleic acid. It is transcribed form of DNA made by using the enzyme RNA polymerase. There are broadly two categories of RNA: coding and non-coding. m-RNA belongs to the category of coding RNA whereas t-RNA and r-RNA are the non-coding ones.
Crispr RNA is the adaptation of a type of RNA that is found in the bacterial cells that they use for there defense and immunity. In this the Crispr RNA acts as a spacer sequence that makes small guide RNAs that guide the host RNA to kill the foreign particles.
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explain how the structure of , as well as directionality, influences the function of those molecules?
The polymer's directionality has an impact on its composition and behaviour. The 3' and 5' carbons of the sugar in the nucleotide serve as the ends of nucleic acids.
How do molecules' form and function influence each other?Biological macromolecules' three-dimensional structure dictates how they work. Proteins and nucleic acids have biological activity because of their three-dimensional form.
Why is directionality crucial to protein structure?Proteins are directed molecules, similar to DNA molecules in that regard. On one end of every amino acid is a carboxyl group, and on the other is an amino group. This directionality enables ribosomes to assemble an amino acid chain.
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An aquatic predatory animal is a fast swimmer and chases prey through the ocean. Which of the following body plans would be most advantageous? A. Radial B. Trilateral C. Bilateral D. Asymmetrical
The most advantageous body plan for an aquatic predatory animal is a fast swimmer and chases prey through the ocean will be (A) radial.
Predatory animals are those that attack and feed upon the smaller and weaker organisms. The animals attacking is called the predator and the animal being attacked is called the prey. The example of predatory animals is: lions, sharks, tigers, etc.
Radial body plan is where the whole body of an organism is arranged around a central axis. The advantage of radial body plan is that the predator animals can grab their food from any direction. The animals possessing radial body plan are jellyfish, sea urchin, etc.
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explain how wavelengths of light are absorbed differently in aquatic ecosystems and how this pattern influences primary productivity.
Because light is required for photosynthesis, phytoplankton and other primary producers are restricted to the ocean's uppermost layers, where light is abundant sufficiently to sustain the reaction.
What is aquatic ecosystem?Oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, estuaries, and wetlands are all examples of aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain living things that rely on water for survival, such as fish, plants, and microorganisms.
Increased light, while generally beneficial to primary production, is not always beneficial to aquatic organisms.
UV-A and UV-B radiation can damage genetic material, acting as a stressor by putting intracellular repair mechanisms under strain.
Thus, this way, wavelengths of light are absorbed differently in aquatic ecosystems and how this pattern influences primary productivity.
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Unlike animal breeders and human geneticists, plant breeders rarely use pedigree charts in their work. Which is most likely the reason that plant breeders use other methods for analyzing results instead of constructing pedigree charts?
Plants have many more offspring than most animals have.
Plants have too many important traits to show in a pedigree.
Plants change only through mutation, not breeding.
Plants change too much in each generation to show in a pedigree.
Because plants have more offspring than animals, plant breeders do not use pedigree charts.
What is a Pedigree chartA pedigree chart is a graphic representation of an organism's (an animal's) phenotypes and genotypes in relation to their ancestors. this is employed to investigate how genes are passed down through species, enabling geneticists to ascertain if a trait is recessive or dominant.
Because plants have more offspring than animals do and it will be challenging to trace each offspring back to its ancestor, plant breeders will find it tough to use the pedigree chart.
Since plants have more offspring than animals do, it follows that plant breeders do not employ pedigree charts.
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According to the lab 10 lecture, what can cause morphological traits to be potentially misleading and result in inaccurate phylogenetic trees?.
Evolutionary convergence Within a species, there are polymorphisms and convergent evolution. Species-level morphological polymorphisms Due to mimicry, two distinct species appear to be identical.
Phylogenetic tree example: What is it?This schematic illustration shows how several species developed from a number of shared ancestors. The two-dimensional graph that depicts the evolutionary link between an organism and several other organisms is known as a phylogenetic tree.
What makes a phylogenetic tree so named?The evolutionary relationships between a collection of creatures or groups of organisms, known as taxa, are represented by a phylo, or evolutionary tree (singular: taxon). The nodes of the tree symbolize the mixed ancestry of those descendants, while the tips of both the tree indicate groups of descendant taxa (typically species).
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The causes are :
Evolutionary convergence Within a species. there are polymorphisms and convergent evolution. Species-level morphological polymorphisms .Due to mimicry, two distinct species appear to be identical.What is meant by morphological traits ?Almost all of the morphological characteristics that appear to be "adaptations" to grazing were present in corallines hundreds of millions of years before macroherbivores and parrotfishes evolved.Egg quantity and egg weight were not heritable, indicating either that prior selection has removed additive genetic variation in these variables or that there is significant environmental variation in these qualities. Morphological features were all moderately to highly heritable.In general, morphological structures have a predetermined shape with regard to a certain mode of operation. Because it is a "action or reaction," whether or not it involves movement, their method of acting can be referred to as "behavior."Learn more about Morphological traits refer :
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Which species concept is primarily used to define extinct species known only from the fossil record?.
Phylogenetic species concept is primarily used to define extinct species known only from the fossil record.
What is Phylogenetic species?Although species serve a variety of special and essential functions in biology, none are more crucial than their involvement in phylogeny, naming, and biodiversity research. There is no way to divide species into smaller units where shared derived features may be accurately identified. A universally applicable species idea is necessary for biodiversity inventory, evaluation, and conservation. In formal Linnaean classification and zoological nomenclature, species are the fundamental units.
The Biological Species Concept pushed a basic taxonomic problem—what are species?—into a population genetics framework—why are there species?—and has long had only minimal support from most zoologists. Early attempts to develop a phylogenetic species concept concentrated on fixing issues with the biological species concept related to ancestral populations before applying phylogenetic reasoning to the actual species.
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Compare and contrast the structures and functions of RNA and DNA. Then, describe the functions of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
Cellular respiration is the process in which organisms break down food to release _____.
metabolic pathways that make available raw materials from which other molecules can be synthesized and that provide chemical energy required for many cell activities are known as .
Metabolic pathways that make available raw materials from which other molecules can be synthesized and that provide chemical energy required for many cell activities are known as Catabolism.
Catabolism may be defined as the process by which the energy gained by the individual is synthesized within the body of the individual. An individual eats food which provides energy to the body. The vitamins, proteins and minerals present in the food items are broken down into simpler molecules as they are in the form of complex molecules. This breaking involves the release of energy. This energy is released in the form of small energy packets known as Adenosine triphosphate or ATP. Proteins are broken down into Amino acids, Polysaccharides into Monosaccharides, Nucleic acids into nucleotides and then nucleosides and fatty acids into lipids.
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What is the basic unit of matter
atom
molecule
gas
compound
A ______ is synthesized from cholesterol and can diffuse across the plasma membrane.
A Steroid hormones can diffuse out across plasma membrane and are made from cholesterol.
What makes it the plasma membrane?What makes it a plasma membrane, and why? The semi-fluid living substance known as protoplasm, also known as plasm, is found inside each cell. The plasma membrane is a biological membrane that houses this living material or plasm.
What is the plasma's primary purpose?Plasma is in charge of: dispersing water where it is required by your body. supplying proteins, hormones, and nutrients to various body areas while also assisting in the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen dioxide. preventing the collapse or blockage of blood vessels.
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what is an evolutionary explanation for the reason that the offspring of cliff swallows have significantly more unique and individualistic vocalizations than do those of barn swallows?
It is the result of the natural selection. It is an example of the adaptive behavior
What is natural selection and adaptive behavior ?Populations of living things adapt and change through a process called natural selection. People in a population are naturally variable, which means that each individual is unique in certain aspects. Because of this variety, some people have characteristics that suit their surroundings more than others.
Adaptive conduct is the way a person interacts with their environment in a way that maximises success and minimises conflict with others. This phrase is used in psychology and special education.In comparison to research on the evolution of body size in other bird species, selection on body size in cliff swallows was more severe. Due to their greater thermal efficiency and capacity for fat storage, larger swallows were probably preferred in cold climates.Learn more about Natural selection here:
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Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?
a. CO2
b. NADH + H+
c. FADH2
d. ATP
e. acetyl CoA
FADH2 is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle).
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle, is the primary source of energy for cells and an essential component of aerobic respiration. The cycle converts acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)'s chemical energy into the reducing power of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
The Krebs cycle reactions occur in eukaryotes in the mitochondrial matrix, a dense solution that surrounds the mitochondrial crests and contains, in addition to water, all of the enzymes required for the cycle's biochemical reactions, coenzymes, and phosphates.
The citric acid cycle is the mitochondrial hub for the final stages of carbon skeleton oxidative catabolism for carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.
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can someone help me understand Cellar Respiration
Answer:
the metabolic process in living organisms by which oxygen is combined with carbon in a cell to form carbon dioxide and generate energy.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
cellular respiration is a process by which organisms combine oxygen with food stuff molecules diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life sustaining activities and discarding as waste products carbon dioxide and water . Organisms that do not depend on oxygen degrade foodstuffs in a process called fermentation one objective of the degradation of foodstuff is to convert the energy contained in the chemical bonds into energy rich compound adenosine triphosphate which captures the chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of the food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes in eukaryotic cells this process ocurrs in mitochondria A liver cell has about 1000 mitochondria
most phagocytes are types of white blood cells, but not all white blood cells participate in this process. select the cell types that are actively phagocytic. view available hint(s)for part a most phagocytes are types of white blood cells, but not all white blood cells participate in this process.select the cell types that are actively phagocytic. neutrophil b lymphocyte macrophage erythrocyte dendritic cell basophil eosinophil t lymphocyte
Dendritic cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages are the cell types that actively phagocytize.
In the blood, what kind of phagocytic cells are present?A specific class of phagocytes seen in the bloodstream are monocytes. When a tissue is diseased or inflamed, they may leave the bloodstream and infiltrate the tissue. They circulate throughout the body. They undergo tissue-specific differentiation to become macrophages, which make up the majority of the resident phagocyte population in healthy tissues.
What are the functions of each type of white blood cell and which types of white blood cells are phagocytes?Neutrophils and macrophages make up the majority of the immune system's phagocytic cells. These cells serve as the primary cellular effectors of inflammatory response and non-specific host defence.
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Describe the usefulness of evolutionary-tree diagrams in zoological studies. Describe two problems associated with their use.
The evolutionary tree diagrams are essential in zoological studies because they exhibit evolutionary relationships between species. Moreover, two problems that are associated with their use include polyphyletic groups and the presence of analogous structures.
What is an evolutionary tree diagram?An evolutionary tree diagram is a graphical representation of a given taxonomic group that exhibits the relationships to a common ancestor shaped by all the groups.
A problem associated with an evolutionary tree diagram is the presence of groups that derive form one of more ancestors (polyphyletic groups) as well as the presence of analogous structures that do not exhibit an evolutionary origin.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an evolutionary tree diagram is very useful to show the relationship between different species that share a common ancestor but it has some limitations associated with the presence of polyphyletic groups and analogies.
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which nervous system component would prevent people from experiencing the effects of illicit drugs if the component was better able to filter small molecules? question 1 options: oligodendrocytes interneurons unipolar neurons astrocytes
The nervous system component which would prevent people from experiencing the effects of illicit drugs if the component was better able to filter small molecules is referred to as astrocytes and is denoted as option D.
What is Astrocytes?This is also known as astroglia and it is referred to as a characteristic star-shaped glial cells which is present in parts of the central nervous system such as the brain and spinal cord.
They have different functions and an example is that it responds to neural tissue damage and also prevents people from experiencing the effects of illicit drugs if the component was better able to filter small molecules.
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Every few
years, a farmer plants clover in a wheat
field. Explain how this practice might
benefit the farmer.
This practice will benefit the farmer in fixing the nitrogen in the soil
What is clover?
Clover is a member of the distinguished legume family. On the roots of legumes are bacteria that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. Plants utilize nitrogen in large quantities since it is a component of chlorophyll. The farmer enriches the soil with plenty of nitrogen and organic matter by planting clover and plow it beneath. A crop would be seeded after allowing the organic matter to decompose.
Advantages of clover in agriculture:
Clover is a Fixer of Nitrogen.
Clover is a legume crop that is a member of the bean and pea plant family. It helps the soil fix nitrogen. In other words, it works with helpful bacteria to convert nitrogen gas that is present in soil air pockets into stable organic molecules that feed nearby plants.Animals Love It
Because it is so nutrient-rich, clover provides farmers with a high-protein meal for their animals and enhances digestibility. Leaner meat and more nutrient-rich milk are produced as a result of reducing mineral deficiency, which can cause a number of illnesses and problems.Additionally, clover can be used as poultry feed for chickens, geese, and birds (and even humans - clover is edible and its colorful flowers can really make a salad pop).Positive insects and pollinators I adore it, too
Honey bees are drawn to the readily available nectar found within the small florets of white clover and crimson clover, which is why clover honey isn't simply a smart name. Clover, dandelions, and other "weeds" have been eliminated, and this has resulted in a sharp fall in bee populations, according to scientists.Hence clover practice is beneficial to farmers
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which of the following correctly identifies the main role of mitosis and cytokinesis in multicellular organisms? areplicate dna bproduce gametes (sperm or eggs) cincrease genetic diversity dgrowth and repair
The statement that is correct is the role of mitosis and cytokineses in multicellular organisms is to replicate in DNA, increase genetic diversity growth and repair, produce gametes (sperms or eggs ). All options are correct except the last one.
What is mitosis ?Mitosis is the equational division in which the chromosomes numbers are same and the division is equational.
Cytokineses is the cytoplasmic division at the end of division of a cell division cytoplasmic that is the separation of a cell into two daughter cells. It is the process where the cell nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei along with that the cytoplasm gets divided as well.
It maintains genetic diversity in mitosis.
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