please helppppppppppp​

Please Helppppppppppp

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: 4

Explanation:

when energy is greater then frequency should increase and wavelength should decrease.

Therefore answer is 4


Related Questions

A wrench is accidentally dropped at the top of an elevator shaft in a tall building. (a) How many meters does the wrench fall in 1.5s

Answers

Answer:

11.25m

Explanation:

[tex]s = ut + \frac{1}{2} a {t}^{2} \\ = 0 \times 1.5 + \frac{1}{2} \times 10 \times {1.5}^{2} \\ = 5 \times 2.25 \\ = 11.25[/tex]

Why is 1/2kx^2=gym not a linear equation

Answers

It was purposely made to be a different set of equation.

Help pleaseeee need the answers ASAP

Answers

Answer:

- 670 kg.m/s

Explanation:

Newton's third law states that to every action, there is equal and opposite reaction force. Since the force will be same but different in direction and acted in the same time then the impulses ( force multiply by time) of the two car be same in magnitude but different in direction - 670 kg.m/s

-670 kg.m/s i know this because the first person is right and ik it

g Calculate the electric potential at the center of the square with a side of 1 meter, formed by the four charged particles.

Answers

Answer:

The potential at the center of square due to four identical charges each at the corner is 5.09 q x [tex]10^1^0[/tex] Volts, where q is the charge.

Explanation:

From the question it is given that

side of square = a = 1 m

let the charge of each square is q

potential at center due to 1 charge is V = [tex]\frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon r}[/tex] , where

[tex]\epsilon[/tex] is electrical permittivity of space

r is the distance between charge and point.

since the charge is present at at the corner so the distance between charge and point is the half the length of diagonal of square.

⇒ distance between charge and point = r =[tex]\frac{a}{\sqrt{2}}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} }[/tex] = 0.707 m

thus, V= [tex]\frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon r}[/tex]  , on substituting the respected values of r = 0.707m and [tex]\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon}[/tex] = 9 x [tex]10^9[/tex] we get,

V = 1.272 q x [tex]10^1^0[/tex] V

thus potential due to all 4 charges is

V = 1.272 q x [tex]10^1^0[/tex] x 4 = 5.09 q x [tex]10^1^0[/tex] Volts

Estimate the net force needed to accelerate a 1000-kg car at 3m/s/s from rest.
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
If this force acts on this car for 4 seconds, then the car will increase its speed by ————————- m/s a second each second reaching a final speed of ————————- m/s. The distance traveled during this motion is ——————- meters.

Answers

Answer:

First Blank. 30,000

Second Blank. 12,000

Third Blank. 20.0

Explanation:

Calculate, for the judge, how fast you were going in miles per hour when you ran the red light because it appeared Doppler-shifted green to you. Take red light to have a wavelength of 650 nm and green to have a wavelength of 550 nm.

Answers

Answer:

The doppler effect equation is:

[tex]f' = \frac{v +v0}{v - vs}*f[/tex]

In the equation we have frequencies, but then we have the wavelengths of the lights, remember the relation:

v = f*λ

then:

f = v/λ

and v is the speed of light, then:

f = c/λ

where:

f' is the observed frequency, in this case, is equal to f = (3*10^17nm/s)/550 nm

f is the real frequency, in this case, is (3*10^17nm/s)/650 nm

vs is the speed of the source, in this case, the source is not moving, then vs = 0 m/s.

v is the speed of the wave, in this case, is equal to the speed of light, v = 3*10^8 m/s

v0 is your speed, this is what we want to find.

Replacing those quantities in the equation, we get:

(3*10^17nm/s)/550 = (3*10^8 m/s + v0)/(3*10^8 m/s)*(3*10^17nm/s)/650 nm

(650nm)/(550nm) = (3*10^8 m/s + v0)/(3*10^8 m/s)

1.182*(3*10^8 m/s) = (3*10^8 m/s + v0)

1.182*(3*10^8 m/s) -  (3*10^8 m/s) = v0 = 54,600,000 m/s

So your speed was 54,600,000 m/s, which is a lot.

A satellite of mass m orbits a moon of mass M in uniform circular motion with a constant tangential speed of v. The gravitational field strength at a distance R from the center of moon is gR. The satellite is moved to a new circular orbit that is 2R from the center of the moon. What is the gravitational field strength of the moon at this new distance

Answers

The satellite is moved to a new circular orbit that is 2R from the center of the moon, then the gravitational field strength of the moon at this new distance would be one-fourth of the initial gravitational field.

What is gravity?

It can be defined as the force by which a body attracts another body toward its center as the result of the gravitational pull of one body and another.

As given in the problem A satellite of mass m orbits a moon of mass M in a uniform circular motion with a constant tangential speed of v. The gravitational field strength at a distance R from the center of the moon is gR. The satellite is moved to a new circular orbit that is 2R from the center of the moon.

The gravitational field strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of the planet.

Thus, the gravitational field strength of the moon at this new distance would be one-fourth of the initial gravitational field.

To learn more about gravity here, refer to the link given below ;

brainly.com/question/4014727

#SPJ1

What happens to the dewpoint temperature of a decreasing mass of air?

Answers

Answer:What happens to the dew point temperature of a descending mass of air? As air sinks, it becomes warmer. (Warmer air expands and can hold more water, therefore the dew point may increase.) ... The hot water causes condensation of water vapor as it touches the cooler mirror.

Explanation:

PLZ HELP ASAP
With number 10 above

Answers

Answer:

P = 1500 Watt

Explanation:

Mechanical Work and Power

Mechanical work is the amount of energy transferred by a force.

Being F the magnitude of the force vector and s the distance, the work is calculated as:

W=F.s

Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit of time. In the SI, the unit of power is the watt, equal to one joule per second.

The power can be calculated as:

[tex]\displaystyle P=\frac {W}{t}[/tex]

Where W is the work and t is the time.

The force to be considered is the weight of the mass of m=100 kg, [tex]g= 10\ m/s^2[/tex]:

F = 100 * 10 = 1000 N

The distance is s=3 m, thus the work done by the weight lifter is:

W = 1000 N * 3 m

W = 3000 J

Finally, the power is:

[tex]\displaystyle P=\frac {3000}{2}[/tex]

P = 1500 Watt

The wavelength of a particular color of yellow light is 579 nm. The energy of this wavelength of light is

Answers

Answer:

3.44× 10⁻¹⁹Joules

Explanation:

Energy of the wavelength is expressed using the formula:

E = hc/λ

h is the Planck constant

c is the velocity of light

λ is the wavelength

Given

h = 6.63 × 10^-34 m² kg / s

c = 3×10⁸ m/s

λ = 579nm = 579 × 10⁻⁹m

λ = 5.79× 10⁻⁷m

Substitute the given values into the formula

E = hc/λ

E = (6.63 × 10⁻³⁴× 3×10⁸)/5.79× 10⁻⁷

E = 19.89× 10⁻³⁴⁺⁸/5.79× 10⁻⁷

E = 19.89× 10⁻²⁶/5.79× 10⁻⁷

E = 3.44× 10⁻²⁶⁺⁷

E = 3.44× 10⁻¹⁹Joules

Hence the energy of this wavelength of light is 3.44× 10⁻¹⁹Joules

Q2) A Ferrari moves at 240 km/h for 1.2 h. How far it will go.​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Multiply the two numbers to get the distance. 240 x 1.2 = 288km

You are sending waves down a spring. You send a small amplitude wave down the spring. Then you
send a large amplitude wave. The large amplitude wave is...
A.slower than the low amplitude wave
B.the same speed as the low amplitude wave
C.faster than the low amplitude wave

Answers

Answer:

a is the correct answer hope it will help you

An ostrich with a mass of 141 kg is running to the right with a velocity of 13m/s. Find the momentum of the ostrich. Answer in units of Kg.m/s

Answers

Answer:

1833 kg.m/s

Explanation:

The momentum of an object can be found by using the formula

momentum = mass × velocity

From the question we have

momentum = 141 × 13

We have the final answer as

1833 kg.m/s

Hope this helps you

A 6.5 kg rock thrown down from a 120m high cliff with initial velocity 18 m/s down. Calculate
the following ATTENTION:using the energy/work formulae only: 3.The kinetic energy of the Rock half way down ? 4.the speed of the Rock half way down?
5.The speed of the Rock as it hits the ground?​

Answers

Answer:

See the answers below.

Explanation:

In order to solve this problem we must use the principle of energy conservation. Which tells us that the energy of a body will always be the same regardless of where it is located. For this case we have two points, point A and point B. Point A is located at the top at 120 [m] and point B is in the middle of the cliff at 60 [m].

[tex]E_{A}=E_{B}[/tex]

The important thing about this problem is to identify the types of energy at each point. Let's take the reference level of potential energy at a height of zero meters. That is, at this point the potential energy is zero.

So at point A we have potential energy and since a velocity of 18 [m/s] is printed, we additionally have kinetic energy.

[tex]E_{A}=E_{pot}+E_{kin}\\E_{A}=m*g*h+\frac{1}{2}*m*v^{2}[/tex]

At Point B the rock is still moving downward, therefore we have kinetic energy and since it is 60 [m] with respect to the reference level we have potential energy.

[tex]E_{B}=m*g*h+\frac{1}{2}*m*v^{2}[/tex]

Therefore we will have the following equation:

[tex](6.5*9.81*120)+(0.5*6.5*18^{2} )=(6.5*9.81*60)+(0.5*6.5*v_{B}^{2} )\\3.25*v_{B}^{2} =4878.9\\v_{B}=\sqrt{1501.2}\\v_{B}=38.75[m/s][/tex]

The kinetic energy can be easily calculated by means of the kinetic energy equation.

[tex]KE_{B}=\frac{1}{2} *m*v_{B}^{2}\\KE_{B}=0.5*6.5*(38.75)^{2}\\KE_{B}=4878.9[J][/tex]

In order to calculate the velocity at the bottom of the cliff where the reference level of potential energy (potential energy equal to zero) is located, we must pose the same equation, with the exception that at the new point there is only kinetic energy.

[tex]E_{A}=E_{C}\\6.5*9.81*120+(0.5*9.81*18^{2} )=0.5*6.5*v_{C}^{2} \\v_{c}^{2} =\sqrt{2843.39}\\v_{c}=53.32[m/s][/tex]

( I will give a brainliest )
What must be changed, temperature or heat energy, during condensation?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is temperature lol

Explanation:

:)

Need help ASAP please helppp

Answers

Answer:

2.3 newtons of force

Explanation:

Divide the weight by the speed of the bike

What is the speed of a commercial jet which travels form New York to Los Angeles (4800) in 6 hours

Answers

Answer:

[tex]Speed = 800km}/hr[/tex]

Explanation:

Given

[tex]Distance = 4800km[/tex]

[tex]Time = 6hr[/tex]

Required

Determine the speed of the jet

The speed is calculated as:

[tex]Speed = \frac{Distance}{Time}[/tex]

Substitute 4800 km for Distance and 6hr for Time

[tex]Speed = \frac{4800km}{6hr}[/tex]

[tex]Speed = 800km}/hr[/tex]

Hence, the speed of the commercial jet is 800km/hr

if a train has 1,450 kg of momentum and is traveling at 40 m/s ¿what is the mass of tren?
Help plis I have this wrong

Answers

Answer:

P=mv

1x450,200=m40

m= 36,255kg

A zone plate is found to give series of images of a point source on its axis. If the strongest and the second strongest images are at distances of 0.30m and 0.06 m respectively from the zone plate (both from the same side remote from the source), calculate the distance of the source from the zone plate, principal focal length and the radius of the second zone. Assume λ = 6 x 10-7m. ​

Answers

Hi have a wonderful day GOD love you

If a ball with a momentum of 40 kgm/s has a velocity of 2 m/s, what is its mass?

Answers

momentum (m)=40

velocity (v)=2

now,

momentum (m)=m×v

40=m×2

m=40÷2

m=20kg

Help! Help!

Alcohol abuse has...
A. only physiological aspects.
B. only psychological aspects.
C. physiological and psychological aspects.

Answers

Answer

I feel the answer is C because it could cause mental and physical trauma

Explanation:

A/An _____ is described as a device used to store electrical energy, usually two conductors separated by an insulator.

Answers

Answer: A capacitor.

Explanation:

The capacitor is a passive element that is used in electronics to store electrical energy maintaining an electrical field. The simpler case of a capacitor is the parallel plates capacitor.

It consists of two parallel metal plates separated by a distance D, in this case, the air between the plates works as a dielectric, as the plates do not touch each other and are separated by a dielectric, the charge is stored in the surface plates.

There are a lot of other types of capacitors, the most used in actuality may be the cylindrical one, where instead of parallel plates, it uses two concentric cylinders, and the space between the cylinders is filled with a dielectric/insulator.

Imagine that you were having a conversation with a behaviorist and an ethologist. What would you say to help them meet in the middle of the nature/nurture debate?

Answers

Answer:my points back

Explanation:

During conversations with behaviorists and ethologists, it is mandatory to have a speech of interest to meet in the middle of the debate.

What do mean by conversation?

The mode of communicating any topic or an issue to others by means of a set of words and speeches is known as a conversation.

In order to meet in the middle of the conversation, one needs to be deliverable with topics related to the domain of interest. Here the domain of interest means anything that is related to the profession.

For example, a behaviorist's role is to create plans for managing the behaviors of students. Similarly, an ethologist is a scientist, who studies animal behaviors. So, one to talk only related to their professional kinds of stuff for sake of clear understanding.

Thus, we can conclude that during conversations with behaviorists and ethologists, it is mandatory to have a speech of interest to meet in the middle of the debate.

Learn more about the fundamental of conversation here:

https://brainly.com/question/9311228

short essay your teacher have provided you​

Answers

I don’t understand....?

A 151 kg crate is pulled along a level surface by an engine. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the surface is 0.399. How much power must the engine deliver to move the crate at a constant speed of 6.04 m/s

Answers

Answer:

3566.26 Watts

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Mass (m) of crate = 151 kg

Coefficient of kinetic friction (μ) = 0.399

Velocity (v) = 6.04 m/s

Power (P) =?

Next, we shall determine the normal reaction. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass (m) of crate = 151 kg

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²

Normal reaction (R) = mg

Normal reaction (R) = 151 × 9.8

Normal reaction (R) = 1479.8 N

Next, we shall determine the force applied to move the crate. This can be obtained as follow:

Coefficient of kinetic friction (μ) = 0.399

Normal reaction (R) = 1479.8 N

Force (F) =?

F = μR

F = 0.399 × 1479.8

F = 590.44 N

Finally, we shall determine the power used to move the crate as follow:

Velocity (v) = 6.04 m/s

Force (F) applied = 590.44 N

Power (P) =?

P = F × v

P = 590.44 × 6.04

P = 3566.26 Watts

Therefore, the power used to move the crate is 3566.26 Watts.

the earth is broken into smaller subsystems including the atmosphere the biosphere and the hydrosphere true or false

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

these are not the only parts of the atmosphere, i dont know the full list but i know these arent the only parts

Deshaun Watson launches a football at a speed of 24.7 ms and an angle of 33° above the horizontal How far down
the football field does the football land? What is the max height the football reaches during flight?
Show work

Answers

Answer:

9.23m

Explanation:

Max height = u²sin²theta/2g

u is the speed = 34.7m/s

theta is the angle of elevation = 33°

g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s²

Substitute into the formula

Max height = 24.7²sin²33/2(9.8)

Max height = 610.09sin²33/2(9.8)

Max height = 610.09(0.29663)/19.6

Max height = 180.97/19.6

Max Height = 9.23m

Hence the max height the football reaches during flight is 9.23m

A horizontal force of 5.0-N accelerates a 4.0-kg mass, from rest, at a rate of 0.50 m/s^2 in the positive direction. What friction force acts on the mass

Answers

Answer:

3N

Explanation:

The frictional force always acts directly opposite to the force of motion, that is it opposes motion. According to the Newton second law of motion:

Sum of horizontal forces = 0

Hence:

5N - 4(0.5) - F = 0

5 - 2 = F

F = 3N

Four charges of equal magnitude, q = +1 uC, are placed at the four corners of a square with a side length of 1 meter located in the xy-plane. A small ball with a known charge +2 uC and an unknown mass is placed 2 meters above the center of the square (so along the z-axis).

Required:
a. What is the total force on the small ball from the four charges?
b. If the ball is in equilibrium where it was placed and we assume standard earth gravity, 9.8 m/s^2, what must the mass of the ball be?

Answers

Answer:

a)     F _total = 15.08 10⁻³ N ,   b)   m = 1,539 10⁻³ kg

Explanation:

a) To solve this problem we can use Coulomb's law to find the force created by each charge

          F =[tex]k \frac{\ q_{1} q_{2} }{r_{12}^{2} }[/tex]

and the total force is

          F = F₁₅ + F₂₅ + F₃₅ + F₄₅

The bold are vectros, In the exercise they indicate the charges

          q₁ = q₂= q₃ = q₄ =  1 10⁻⁶ C

          q₅ = 2 10⁻⁶ C

Let's set a reference system where the sphere is on the z axis and the other charges on the xy plane, let's write the coordinates of card charge

sphere (subscript 5)

   x₅ = 0

   y₅ = 0

   z₅ = 2 m

charge 1

   x = 0.5 m

   y = 0.5 m

   z = 0

charge 2

   x = -0.5 m

   y = 0.5 m

   z = 0

 

charge 3

   x = -0.5 m

   y = -0.5 m

   z = 0

charge 4

   x = 0.5 m

   y = -0.5 m

   z = 0

With these values ​​we can calculate the distance between each charge and the sphere

charge 1 and sphere

       r₁₅² = (x₅ -x₁)² + (y₅ - y₁)² + (z₅ -z₁)²

substitute

       r₁₅² = (0- 0.5)² + (0 - 0.5)² + (2 -0)²

       r₁₅² = 0.5² + 0.5² + 2²

       r₁₅² = 4.5

we can see that for the other charges the result is the same since being squared always gives positive

      r₁₅ = r₂₅ = r₃₅ = r₄₅

the force created by the card charge on the sphere is the projection on the Z axis of the total force

Let's find the angle with respect to the Z axis

            tan φ = r / z

where r is the magnitude of the vector in the xy plane

          r = [tex]\sqrt{0.5^{2} + 0.5^{2} }[/tex]

          r = 0.7071 m

         φ = tan⁻¹ r / z

         φ = tan⁻¹ (0.7071 / 2)

         φ = 19.5

consequently the total force is

        F_total = 4 F cos 19.5

        F _total =   [tex]4 \frac{k \ q_{1} q_{5} }{r_{15}^{2}}[/tex]   cos 19.5

let's calculate

        F_toal = 4 9 10⁹ 1 10⁻⁶ 2 10⁻⁶ /4.5    cos 19.5

        F _total = 15.08 10⁻³ N

b) For this part indicate that the sphere is in equilibrium with the weight

           F_total - W = 0

           W = mg

           F_total = mg

           m = F_total / g

           m = 15.08 10³ / 9.8

           m = 1,539 10⁻³ kg

Approximately, What is the value of the Hubble Constant, as measured by scientists? Hypothetically, if the value of the Hubble Constant were 700 km/s/Mpc, what would this imply about the age of our universe?

Answers

Answer:

The current value of the Hubble's constant = 73 km/sec/Mpc.

t = 71.9 trillion years will be the new age of universe if the Hubble constant = 700 km/s/Mpc

Explanation:

The current value of the Hubble's constant = 73 km/sec/Mpc. However, recent discoveries in the cosmology contradicts the idea of Hubble constant as being fixed. Some scientists are not agreeing on this value and the debate is going on.

Hubble law states that how fast universe is expanding or in other words, galaxies are expanding separating with a speed directly proportional to the distance of galaxies to the earth.

Hence,

v is directly proportional to d

where, v = apparent velocity

d = distance

if we equate velocity and distance then there comes Hubble constant.

v = [tex]H_{0}[/tex] x d

 [tex]H_{0}[/tex] = 73 km/sec/Mpc

where, Mpc = Mega Parsec = 1 Mpc = 3.086 x [tex]10^{19}[/tex] km      

We can use Hubble constant to tell the age of universe.

t = d/v

t = d/( [tex]H_{0}[/tex] xd)

t = 1/[tex]H_{0}[/tex]

Scientist calculated the age of universe by using Hubble constant, which is 13.4 billion years.

Now, if we hypothetically change the value of Hubble constant,

from [tex]H_{0}[/tex] = 73 km/sec/Mpc to [tex]H_{0}[/tex] = 700 km/sec/Mpc

then the age of universe will be:

t = 1/[tex]H_{0}[/tex]

first convert the units of new [tex]H_{0}[/tex] into 1/s

[tex]H_{0}[/tex] = (700) x (/3.08 x [tex]10^{19}[/tex] )

[tex]H_{0}[/tex] = 227.27 x[tex]10^{-19}[/tex]  = 2.27 x [tex]10^{-21}[/tex] 1/s

So,

Age of universe will be:

t = 1/[tex]H_{0}[/tex] = 1/2.27x[tex]10^{-21}[/tex] 1/s

t = 2.27 x [tex]10^{21}[/tex] s

t = 71.9 trillion years

t = 71.9 trillion years will be the new age of universe if the Hubble constant = 700 km/s/Mpc

       

The universe is "4.4×10²⁰ seconds" old.

Given value:

Hubble Constant,

[tex]H_o = \frac{700 \ km/s}{Mpc}[/tex]

We know,

[tex]Mpc = 3.086\times 10^{19} \ km[/tex]

By substituting the value of "Mpc" in Hubble constant, we get

→ [tex]H_o = \frac{700}{3.086\times 10^{19}}[/tex]

        [tex]= 227\times 10^{-19} \ 1/s[/tex]

        [tex]= 2.27\times 10^{-21} \ 1/s[/tex]

The Hubble's time will be:

→ [tex]H_o = \frac{1}{t}[/tex]

or,

→ [tex]t = \frac{1}{H_o}[/tex]

     [tex]= \frac{1}{2.27\times 10^{-21}}[/tex]

     [tex]= 4.4\times 10^{20} \ seconds[/tex]

Thus the above approach is right.

Learn more about Hubble Constant here:

https://brainly.com/question/13691927?

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Complete the table below. the combined focal length of two thin lens is 24 cm and the focal length of one converging lens is 8cm what is the focal length of the other Develop an argument that evaluates how the Columbian Exchange affected peoples in Afro-Eurasia in this time period. Suppose that your monthly net income is $2,540. Your monthly debt payments include your student loan payment and a gas credit card. They total $762. What is your debt payments-to-income ratio What average net force is required to accelerate a 3950 kg bus to a speed of 25m/s in 10.5 s? i dont know 4, 5, and 6Help plz :] 1.) Ivan made a scale drawing of his cell phone using the scale factor 1 mm = 2 in. How long is the drawing of his phone if the actual phones is 8 inches? 21 A recine for rice pudding calls for 2 y cuns of Trevor is making 2/3 of a recipe for chicken noodle soup. He adds cup of chopped celery. The equation 2/3 c = 1/2 can be used to find the number of cups c of chopped celery in the original recipe. How many cups of chopped celery does the original recipe call for? Two pounds of grapes cost $6. How much does it cost for 5 pounds of grapes 6x+4 divided by 2=8You dont have to explain... just answer help please ill give brainliest.ABC is similar to FED. Answer the questions to find the length of DF .1. Which side in FED does AB in ABC correspond to?Write your answer in the space below.2. Which side in FED does CB in ABC correspond to? If a triangle has 2 sides of 8 and 11 what could the third side be with examples, differentiate between direct and indirect tax i seriously need help with this it is due in 30 min pls help Directions: Read the following and create a flow chart reflecting the Amendment Process. Upload the completed chart. You can use Word or an online tool.The authority to amend the Constitution of the United States (Links to an external site.) is derived from Article V of the Constitution (Links to an external site.). After Congress proposes an amendment, the Archivist of the United States, who heads the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S.C. 106b (Links to an external site.). The Archivist has delegated many of the ministerial duties associated with this function to the Director of the Federal Register. Neither Article V of the Constitution nor section 106b describe the ratification process in detail. The Archivist and the Director of the Federal Register follow procedures and customs established by the Secretary of State, who performed these duties until 1950, and the Administrator of General Services, who served in this capacity until NARA assumed responsibility as an independent agency in 1985.The Constitution provides that an amendment may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the State legislatures. None of the 27 amendments to the Constitution have been proposed by constitutional convention. The Congress proposes an amendment in the form of a joint resolution. Since the President does not have a constitutional role in the amendment process, the joint resolution does not go to the White House for signature or approval. The original document is forwarded directly to NARA's Office of the Federal Register (OFR) for processing and publication. The OFR adds legislative history notes to the joint resolution and publishes it in slip law format. The OFR also assembles an information package for the States which includes formal "red-line" copies of the joint resolution, copies of the joint resolution in slip law format, and the statutory procedure for ratification under 1 U.S.C. 106b.The Archivist submits the proposed amendment to the States for their consideration by sending a letter of notification to each Governor along with the informational material prepared by the OFR. The Governors then formally submit the amendment to their State legislatures or the state calls for a convention, depending on what Congress has specified. In the past, some State legislatures have not waited to receive official notice before taking action on a proposed amendment. When a State ratifies a proposed amendment, it sends the Archivist an original or certified copy of the State action, which is immediately conveyed to the Director of the Federal Register. The OFR examines ratification documents for facial legal sufficiency and an authenticating signature. If the documents are found to be in good order, the Director acknowledges receipt and maintains custody of them. The OFR retains these documents until an amendment is adopted or fails, and then transfers the records to the National Archives for preservation.A proposed amendment becomes part of the Constitution as soon as it is ratified by three-fourths of the States (38 of 50 States). When the OFR verifies that it has received the required number of authenticated ratification documents, it drafts a formal proclamation for the Archivist to certify that the amendment is valid and has become part of the Constitution. This certification is published in the Federal Register and U.S. Statutes at Large and serves as official notice to the Congress and to the Nation that the amendment process has been completed.In a few instances, States have sent official documents to NARA to record the rejection of an amendment or the rescission of a prior ratification. The Archivist does not make any substantive determinations as to the validity of State ratification actions, but it has been established that the Archivist's certification of the facial legal sufficiency of ratification documents is final and conclusive.In recent history, the signing of the certification has become a ceremonial function attended by various dignitaries, which may include the President. President Johnson signed the certifications for the 24th and 25th Amendments as a witness, and President Nixon similarly witnessed the certification of the 26th Amendment along with three young scholars. On May 18, 1992, the Archivist performed the duties of the certifying official for the first time to recognize the ratification of the 27th Amendment, and the Director of the Federal Register signed the certification as a witness. How do cells support the evolution theory? 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