PLEASEEEEEEE HELP GUYS THIS MY FIRST BTOLOGY CLASS!!

a. Pericardiumb. Pulmonary circuitc. Systemic circuitd. Atriae. Septum

A higher surface area to volume ratio is more efficient than a lower ratio. This is due to the amount of plasma membrane relative to the volume of the cell. The more plasma membrane available to transport substances in and out of the cell, the more efficiently the cell performs its particular function.

The high surface-to-volume ratio provides a powerful “driving force” that accelerates thermodynamic processes that minimize free energy.

Increasing the surface area of ​​the cell increases the amount of material that diffuses into the cell. As volume and surface area increase, volume increases more rapidly, so for every doubling of cell volume, the surface area available for uptake is halved.

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During cellular respiration, stored chemical energy is gradually released in a series of enzyme-assisted reactions. Burning a log releases the stored chemical energy rapidly as heat and light.

The energy produced by cellular respiration is in the form of chemical bond energy. The energy produced when a log of wood is burned is mainly heat or heat energy and some light energy.

The third phosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy bond. It is used to provide energy for metabolic reactions and perform tasks such as muscle contraction. Energy is the ability to execute work. It is electricity obtained from a physical or chemical source and used to provide heat or light or to do work. Forms of energy include chemical, thermal, mechanical, electrical and nuclear energy. Energy can be transformed from one mode to another.

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We know that energy has to do with the ability to do work. Now we ought to know that the energy that is contained in an object that is just at a fixed position can be said to be potential energy while the energy that is in an object that is in motion is said to have the kinetic energy.

We know that both the kinetic energy and the potential energy or both the forms of mechanical energy and that the potential energy would be converted to kinetic energy as the object is falling down to the bottom.

a) The weight of the object is;

Weight = mass * acceleration due to gravity

Weight = 60 Kg * 10 m/s^2

= 600 N

c) Given that kinetic energy = potential energy

1000 = 1/2mv^2

v = √2 * 1000/60

v = 5.8 m/s

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The ribosomes ceased working when a cell was exposed to a certain substance. Protein synthesis is the first cell activity influenced by this alteration in ribosome function.

As a result, B is the right answer.

Cells are the fundamental structural components of all living things. Ribosomes are specialized structures found inside cells that manufacture proteins. A eukaryotic cell's protein production is comprised of two processes: transcription and translation.

The transcription process occurs in the nucleus, where information from a DNA strand is transcribed into a single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by the RNA polymerase enzyme.

During the termination of transcription, the completed mRNA strand detaches from DNA, exits the nucleus, and enters a cytoplasmic ribosome. Translation happens at the ribosome, where the genetic code in mRNA is read and protein is made.

Cells require these proteins to accomplish vital processes such as mending cellular damage, maintaining cellular structure, producing hormones, and dividing cells.

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Full Question ;

After a cell was treated with a certain chemical, the

ribosomes stopped functioning. Which cell activity was

immediately affected by this change in ribosome function?

A) intracellular transport

B) protein synthesis

C) aerobic respiration

D) excretion of metabolic wastes

Hyper IgE syndrome, Job's syndrome is a rare condition with symptoms Lucy's had. A STAT3 gene mutation is the primary cause of the immunodeficiency, which affects approximately one person in a million.

In every tissue of the body, the STAT3 protein is active. It is necessary for life and plays a significant role in the growth and operation of many bodily systems. Signals for the maturation of immune system cells, particularly T cells and B cells, are transmitted by the STAT3 protein in the immune system. Additionally, the protein plays a part in cellular processes that support allergic reactions and is involved in the regulation of inflammation, one of the immune system's responses to infection or injury.

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Answer:

Even with the exact same genetic make-up, a calico cat’s coloration would be different than her twin’s because it’s random whether a cell codes for orange or black fur. The same goes for clones.

Explanation:

The correct option is C ; Alzheimer disease , Alzheimer's disease is a brain illness that gradually deteriorates memory and cognitive skills, as well as the ability to do fundamental tasks.

The majority of people get Alzheimer's disease symptoms later in life. Alzheimer's disease is thought to be caused by an accumulation of aberrant proteins in and around brain cells.

Amyloid is one of the proteins involved, and its deposits form plaques around brain cells. Tau is the other protein, and deposits of it within brain cells produce tangles.

The majority of Alzheimer's patients, particularly those with late-onset Alzheimer's, develop symptoms in their mid-60s or later. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease occurs when the illness manifests itself before the age of 65., though this is uncommon.

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Full Question  

Which neurologic disorder is characterized by cortical nerve cell processes that have become twisted and dilated?

a. Dementia syndrome

b. Delirium

c. Alzheimer disease

d. Parkinson disease

The role of mucus and cilia in the respiratory tract is to block foreign particles from entering the nose.

The respiratory tract consists of the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs. The nasal cavity in the respiratory system has a function to continue the incoming air then leads to the throat.

In the nasal cavity there is a mucous membrane which is the receipt of the mucous membrane and cilia of the nose hair which is very fine. Mucus is made of mucin and water which forms a sticky gel whose role is to trap bacteria, viruses, dirt and dust from outside so it doesn't enter the nose. While the cilia play a role in filtering air through their fine hairs which will prevent dirt from entering the nose.

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Answer:

No

Explanation:

Some resources will practically never run out. These are known as renewable resources. Renewable resources also produce clean energy, meaning less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change.

Examples are Sun, Wind, and Water. We will always have sunlight and wind, right? So no, renewable resources CANNOT run out, hence the 'renewable' part. They come from sources that are not depleted when used. Others, like biomass, come from sources that can be replenished.

Hope this helps

Answer:

If you notice white spots, almost like cotton balls, in the tank water, you should try to remove them as soon as possible. They are a type of bacteria that can kill your sea monkeys. Use a small spoon to get them out of the tank and dispose of them.

Answer: It depends..

Explanation:

The white fluff could either be bacteria like fungus OR it could be white algae. It also could be Debris from the sea monkey itself

According to the theory of evolution by natural selection as presented by Darwin, organisms breed more young than they can withstand in their surroundings.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is known as natural selection. Animals with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will often generate more offspring than their contemporaries given the shortage of resources in nature, increasing the population frequency of such traits across successive generations. Those with more physical capacity to endure, develop into adults, and reproduce.

Darwin started to question if South American species had made it to the Galapagos and had since transformed as a result of climatic adaptation. This notion—that species could alter over time—ultimately inspired Darwin to develop his theory of evolution through natural selection.

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The 1:2:1 genotypic ration dictates the law of are is homozygous dominant, heterozygous dominant and homozygous recessive.

A 1:2:1 genotypic ratio is a ratio of alleles that is found in a monohybrid cross. A monohybrid cross is a type of genetic cross in which only one trait is being studied. In a 1:2:1 ratio, the first number represents the homozygous dominant genotype, the second number represents the heterozygous genotype, and the third number represents the homozygous recessive genotype. This ratio can be found by using the Punnett square method.

This generally represents the genetics, of the first generation of the monohybrid cross made between the pea plant showing dominant and recessive traits. Such that dominant parent was homozygous dominant and recessive parent was homozygous recessive.

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a) The treatment groups are

1) Three different Growth-enhancing nutrients A, B and C

2) Salinity levels at two different levels low and high

b) Experimental units : Young tiger Shrimps

c) There are two independent variables

1) Salinity levels

2) Growth enhancing nutrients

d) Response variable : Growth of shrimps

A growth curve is a graphical depiction of a phenomenon's evolution through time. A growth curve might be a graphic that shows the rise in population of a country over time. The availability of nutrients and energy is one of the most important variables for growth.

Temperature, moisture, pH levels, and oxygen levels are the four key physical and chemical conditions regulating microbial growth. Microbial proliferation is influenced by intrinsic, extrinsic, and implicit dietary components, as well as diverse food processing processes. These variables influence microbial growth in food as well as the specific metabolic pathways that microbes utilise to create energy and metabolic byproducts.

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Cancer is brought on by cells that divide out of control and invade surrounding tissues. Cancer is mostly brought on by DNA changes. The majority of DNA mutations that result in cancer occur in areas of DNA called genes.

DNA, commonly referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material carried by humans and nearly everything else organisms. A person's DNA is present in almost all of their cells.

DNA is the molecule of information. It provides the knowledge required to produce proteins, another type of substantial molecule. Each of your cells contains 46 substantial objects set of chromosomes that are distributed throughout these instructions. These chromosomes are made up of numerous smaller segments of DNA, called genes.

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The light-independent reactions use stored chemical energy from the light-dependent reactions in order to fix carbondioxide gas and create a product that can be converted into glucose.

Photosynthesis is that kind of process in which green plants and organisms prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight to neutralize the reaction.

The process of photosynthesis takes place in two stages one stage is known as a light-dependent reaction while the other stage is known as a light-independent reaction.

ATP Synthase:

The ATP synthase is also known as a mitochondrial enzyme which is localized inside the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.

Calvin Cycle:

The process of the chemical reaction is performed by the plants for the reduction of carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose.

Electron Transport Chain:

The electron transport chain is that chain in which a series of four protein complexes couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.

Photosystem 1:

In this system, the proteins are responsible for the precise arrangement of cofactors and determining redox properties of the electron transfer centers.

Photosystem 2:

First of all the photosystem 2 precise arrangement of cofactors and determine the redox properties of the electron transfer centers.

So we can conclude that the process of photosynthesis is in which the green plants and organisms prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight and oxygen.

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In biology, models can be viewed as representations, or perhaps events, of the structure and function of biomolecules. Cells have to do several things. First, cells must either replicate themselves or expand. In our human body, cells do both. It replicates when it breaks the skin and expands for the winter. However, some cells do not divide. But the cell also needs to decide whether to make identical copies or four half-copies. Half copies have sexual reproduction. And that's the choice between mitosis and meiosis.

The advantages and disadvantages of using these maps when modeling mitosis are:

They represented intermediate phases consisting of G1, S and G2 phases.

They also listed the stages involved in mitosis. this is also good

Other images also show mitosis, but lack potentially confusing titles or captions. The model should be able to represent the different activities that occur during mitosis. That is, the second model should contain markers that indicate the mitotic process.

The first models had to include pictorial representations for better understanding.

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The phenotypic ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered offspring will be 3:1. Hence 75% offsprings will be purple.

Genetics is the study of the genes, the genetic variation, and the heredity in the organisms. It is an important topic in biology because heredity is fundamental to organism evolution. In the nineteenth century, Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian monk working in Brno, was the first to do scientific study on genetics.

The study of genetics focuses on the effects of individual genes or groups of genes in health and disease. Understanding genetic variations and anomalies is critical for learning more about health promotion and disease prevention. In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable traits or attributes of an organism. The term refers to the anatomy, developmental processes, biochemical and physiological characteristics, behaviour, and behavioural results of an organism.

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The correct option is B ; May be a combination of fluid-resistant and absorbent layers There are two kinds of surgical drapes: reusable and disposable.

Reusable drapes are comprised of a woven cloth that is washed and sterilized between treatments.  Disposable drapes, on the other hand, are often constructed of non-woven material and are cremated after each operation.

McKesson Field Drape/Towel Non-Fenestrated is sterile and poly-lined, making it suitable for use in operating rooms. This critical medical supply item is used during surgical operations to drape over the body in order to separate the operating field. To prevent bacterial strike-through, the inner poly layer repels moisture.

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The findings show that, under the right conditions, this little gene area can be a valuable source of information for phylogenetic inference.

In order to infer deeper level patterns of association among nymphalid subfamilies and tribes, a cladistic analysis was done on a 378 bp area of the wingless gene from 103 nymphalid species and three pierid outgroups. Despite the fact that the data are largely homoplastic, the most sparse cladograms frequently confirm well-known groups. For the diverse butterXy subfamily Satyrinae, we have derived the first relationship theory that has empirical validity. For the 165 Satyrinae taxa represented, we used 3090 base pairs of DNA from the nuclear genes EF1 and wingless as well as the mitochondrial gene COI.

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In diagram 1, the person would experience summer whereas, in diagram 2, the person would experience winter.

The axis of planet earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees away from the vertical plane. During the rotation around its own axis, planet earth performs a wobbly movement in which its northern hemisphere comes closer to the sun while its southern hemisphere gets away from the sun and vice versa.

In months around June, the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun causing it to receive more direct sunlight compared to the southern hemisphere. This creates the summer season in the northern part. The southern hemisphere meanwhile experiences winter seasons.

In months around December, the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun while the southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. Hence, the north experiences winter while the south experiences summer season.

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The reason behind the acceptance of Darwin's theory is based on D It is supported by practical evidence and examples which help to shape a scientific theory such as in this case.

The presence of evidence is key to formulating a scientific theory because all theories in sciences are based on the repetitive observation of empirical data that can be used to make predictions and thus tested i.e., confirmed or rejected by experimental or observational procedures such as in the case of the evolutionary theory proposed by Charles Darwin to explain the origin of species.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the presence of evidence is fundamental in order to formulate a scientific theory since this info allow us to understand a given observation of the natural world and also allow us to make predictions.

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The occurrence of transitional fossils supports the idea that - extinct and living forms are related, these are ancestors of living species, change occurs in species over time.

A transitional fossil is that  fossilized remains of a life form which exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group which is living at present. The descendant group is sharply differentiated by gross anatomy and mode of living from the ancestral group.

These fossils show that taxonomic divisions are human made that have been superimposed on the continuum of variation. Because of the incompleteness and unavailability of the fossil record, there is usually no way to know exactly how close a transitional fossil is to the point of divergence if evolution of that particular species. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that transitional fossils are direct ancestors of more recent groups, though they are frequently used as models for such ancestors.

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There are a lot of people out there who have ethical concerns about COVID Vaccines. However, based on opinion polls, it seems that many people also have security concerns. So, it seems that the COVID Vaccine in general is ethical. However, a small number of people who have ethical concerns about the vaccine will still refuse to get it.

Ethical considerations and coverage of COVID-19 payments are quite complicated thought. The public has varying degrees of confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine, possibly due to limited information regarding the type of vaccine, date of availability, and safety profile.

Entering 2021, COVID-19 has been a pandemic for more than a year. So far, most countries in the world have not succeeded in suppressing the spread of the disease. Efforts to make social disclosure have a negative impact on the economy and social welfare. An effective vaccine is the beacon of hope for the world. The COVID-19 vaccine is the first vaccine to be developed in a very short period. The pressure from the world to apply the vaccine is very high.

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Mucus is a secretion from the mucous membranes and mucus is important because it is a lubricant so that the tissues do not dry out.

Mucus is a secretion from the mucous membranes in the form of a sticky and slippery liquid that coats all cavities in the body such as the lungs, sinuses, mouth, stomach and intestines. Mucus itself consists of several building blocks, but the main component is a substance called mucin (mucin).

Mucin is a type of protein produced by the cell surface tissue. Mucin in mucus works as a barrier to foreign particles from outside the body, lubricants, and others. Therefore, mucus is very important to exist in the body because it works as a lubricant so that the tissues do not dry out and foreign particles do not enter the body.

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Answer:

d. They use reverse transcriptase to make DNA from RNA

Biotechnology is the application of biology to the creation of new things, processes, and creatures with the goal of enhancing society and human health.

A. Medical biotechnology is a subspecialty of medicine that conducts research on living cells and cell components before creating pharmacological and diagnostic products. These goods aid in both disease treatment and prevention. Modern diagnostic and preventative medical devices, such as diagnostic test kits, vaccinations, and radio-labeled biological treatments used for imaging and analysis, have been made possible by advances in biotechnology.

B. By improving crop quality and in some cases productivity, biotech crops can boost farming's profitability. Some of these crops can make work easier and increase farmer safety. As a result, farmers may focus more of their time on other lucrative activities and spend less time cultivating their crops.

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Answer:

enzyme cannot do its function

Explanation:

at which the substrate cannot enter its site