Depreciation Expense
Accumulated Depreciation
To record monthly depreciation
One of the two accelerated depreciation methods is the decreasing balance method, which has a depreciation rate that is roughly multiple the rate of the straight-line method. Instead of using the standard depreciation rate, the double-declining balance technique is a kind of declining balance method.
With this approach, the Book Value at the start of each period is multiplied by a set Depreciation Rate that is equal to a factor of 2, or 200% of the straight-line depreciation rate.
However, if the book value would drop below the salvage value, the last period can be changed so that it finishes at the salvage value. The salvage value is not taken into account in the double decreasing balance calculation when determining the depreciation of each period.
An asset for a firm will cost $1,750,000, have a life of 10, and have a salvage value of $10,000 after 10 years. To determine the depreciation expense for a given period, we multiply the book value at the commencement of the period by 200% of the straight-line depreciation, or a factor of 2.
The straight-line depreciation percent is 100% multiplied by ten years, or 10% annually.
Depreciation Rate: 2 times 10% each year equals 20%
Depreciation for a Period is equal to 20% of the Book Value at the commencement of the period. For Period 1, this equals $350,000.
Depreciation is calculated as 20% x ($1,750,000 - Accumulated Depreciation) for Periods 2 and upwards.
For Period 2, this equals $280,000.
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how much would real gdp increase if the government spent $15 billion instead? please provide the answer to the nearest whole billion.
The money value of the final goods and services manufactured or produced by an economy over a given period of time is referred to as the GDP in macroeconomics. There are two types: nominal and real.
How is the real increase in GDP calculated?
By dividing nominal GDP by the GDP deflator (R), real GDP is typically calculated. The deflating number, for instance, is 1.01 if an economy's prices have increased by 1% since the base year. Real GDP is determined by multiplying $1,000,000 by 1.01, or $990,099.
How do you determine how government spending affects GDP?
The spending multiplier's algebra can help us figure out how much more money the government should spend to get the economy back to full employment's potential GDP. Total Use = C + I + G + (X - M).
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if the vendor is willing to offer a discount of $10 per order for ordering in multiples of 50 units (e.g., 50, 100, 150), would you advise the manager to take advantage of the offer in either period? if so, what order size would you recommend? (round intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)
The manager should take advantage of the offer and order Q = 50 units during this six-month period and monthly demand is 93.33
What is monthly demand?Demand for a month (m) is equal to the monthly variation of the adjusted annual demand, which is specified as data under Monthly Demand Variation.
First six month, monthly demand = 560 / 6 = 93.33
1-6 months order size = √( 2 x A x O / C )
where O = Ordering cost per order
C = Carrying cost per order
monthly demand = √( 2 x 93.33 x 55 / 2 )
monthly demand = 71.65 or 72
7-12 months, monthly demand = 900 / 6 = 150
7-12 months order size:
monthly demand = √( 2 x A x O / C )
monthly demand = √( 2 x 150 x 55 / 2)
monthly demand = 90.83 or 91
B) First six-month period:
Monthly total cost =
(Q/2) x H + (d/Q) x S = (72 / 2) x 2 + (93.33 / 72) x 55 = $143.30
With discount of $ 10, S = $ 55 - $10 = $ 45
Monthly TC at Q = 50
= (50/2) x 2 + (93.33 / 50)x45 = $134.00
Monthly TC at Q = 100
= (100/2) x 2 + (93.33 / 100)x45 = $142.00
Monthly TC at Q = 150
= (150/2) x 2 + (93.33 / 150)x45 = $178.00
Conclusion:
Yes, the manager should take advantage of the offer and order Q = 50 units during this six-month period.
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if the actual economic surplus in the market represented by the graph is $3,075, what is the deadweight loss?
If the actual economic surplus in the market represented by the graph is $3,075, the deadweight loss will be $975.
The cost of market inefficiency, which happens when both supply and demand are not in balance, is known as a deadweight loss. A deadweight loss, a term mostly used in economics, refers to any deficit brought on by an ineffective resource allocation.
These elements cause goods to be overvalued or undervalued because the price of a product is not adequately reflected.
Deadweight losses may result from price floors, such as basic wage and living wage regulations, price ceilings like cost controls and rent restrictions, and taxation. A society's resource distribution could also become inefficient with a decline in commerce.
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serie, a human resources manager at an advertising firm, is currently in the process of determining the value and worth of advertising executive positions within the agency. this is referred to as
This is referred to as job evaluation in which value determination of the advertising executive position internally is being done by Serie a human resource manager at an advertising firm.
Job evaluation is a process used by senior executive members of the company for determining the appropriate job rate for a certain position by comparing the job against other jobs within the organization. This evaluation process is generally done in the starting phase of creating a compensation system for an organization. This could be done by comparing within the agency (as historically being done) or outside the agency taking the open market and other organizations into consideration.
Point factor, factor comparison, job rankings, and job classification are some of the methods taken witing the agency by the human resource department.
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adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. when apple introduced the apple watch people waited in long lines before the doors opened. according to experts, those people can be categorized as:
People waited in line before the doors opened when Apple unveiled the apple watch. Those folks fall under the category of "innovators," say specialists.
Define the term innovation?The act of conceptualizing brand-new products, services, and ideas, as well as of approaching already-existing products, operations, and ideas in novel ways, is referred to as innovation. This process can be carried out by an individual or an organization.
An innovator is someone who can develop novel concepts, procedures, or goods. These people might also create updated versions of already produced goods.Process innovation is the term for adjustments made to increase a process's effectiveness. For instance, assembly lines represented a manufacturing innovation. Innovation in the business model is when processes are changed. Platforms for ride-sharing, like Uber and Grab, are one example of this.Adopter categories are divisions of people within a market based on how innovative they are. People waited in line that before doors opened when Apple unveiled the apple watch.
Thus, these individuals fit the following categories, according to experts: innovators
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the quality of a finished product does not depend on the quality of the raw materials used to make it. True or False
It is TRUE that, the quality of a finished product does not depend on the quality of the raw materials used to make it.
Raw materials are the stock or input goods that a business needs to manufacture its goods.
A few examples of raw materials are steel, oil, corn, grain, gasoline, lumber, forest resources, plastic, natural gas, coal, and minerals.
Direct raw materials are those that are used directly in the manufacturing process, such as wood for a chair.
Direct raw materials are utilized extensively throughout the production process but do not end up in the finished product.
On the balance sheet, the value of the inventory of direct raw materials is shown as a current asset.
To keep track of their inventory of raw materials, manufacturing companies take special measures. On their balance sheet, this includes three different inventory classifications as opposed to just one for non-manufacturers.
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what is the marginal benefit of producing the third unit? number units produced total benefit total costs 0 0 0 1 100 50 2 180 110 3 250 180 4 290 270 5 310 380 multiple choice
The marginal benefit of producing third unit is 70.
What is marginal benefit?The marginal benefit of a good or service describes how much pleasure or satisfaction consumers experience when their consumption goes up or down by one unit. Marginal utility comes in three different forms. They have a marginal utility of either zero or a positive value. If you enjoy eating pizza, for example, eating two pieces will make you feel better than eating just one. It means you will receive a positive marginal utility from your pizza purchase. However, after consuming the second piece, you already feel full, and consuming the third piece would not make you feel any better. Therefore, eating pizza has no marginal benefit for you.
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some states allow two sales associates in the same brokerage to represent opposing sides to a transaction without creating a dual agency by using
Some states allow two sales associates in the same brokerage to represent opposing sides to a transaction by using Designated agency
What is designated agency?
Designated agency refers to a specific agent who is designated by their brokerage to represent a party in the sale. generally, one agent from that brokerage will formerly be representing the buyer or dealer.
Does a designated agency claim to be in writing?In order to prove a designated agency relationship with a customer, you must access into a written contract that specifically says that the agent will be a designated agent. For this reason, designated agency isn't an option unless the establishment's agents constantly enter into written buyers' agency contracts.
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states and mexico. mexican prices have been converted to u.s. dollars. u.s. market for strawberries price per pound quantity supplied (in millions) quantity demanded (in millions) $2 300 500 $3 350 450 $4 400 400 $5 450 350 $6 500 300 $7 550 250 $8 600 200 mexican market for strawberries price per pound quantity supplied (in millions) quantity demanded (in millions) $2 400 800 $3 450 750 $4 500 700 $5 550 650 $6 600 600 $7 650 550 $8 700 500 what is the equilibrium world price per pound? price per pound: 4 dollars what is the equilibrium quantity of exports and imports? equilibrium quantity: 6 million pounds which country will export strawberries?
The price per pound is $5 globally due to the supply and demand balance.
For $5, the US requests 350 but only obtains 450. Mexico asks for 650, but only gets 550. 100 million pounds are the equilibrium exports to Mexico at $5.
As a result, the US will ship 100 million pounds of strawberries to Mexico.
A commodity's equilibrium price is the one at which supply and demand are balanced. If the price is higher there will be more supply, and if the price is lower there will be more demand, and the markets will be out of equilibrium.
Both nations are a single market because there are no trade restrictions. The total supply and demand for each price level will be determined by adding the supply and demand in the two nations.
Price Supply Supply Supply Demand Demand Demand Market
USA Mexico Total USA Mexico Total Excess /
Deficit
2 300 400 700 500 800 1,300 -600
3 350 450 800 450 750 1,200 -400
4 400 500 900 400 700 1,100 -200
5 450 550 1,000 350 650 1,000 0
6 500 600 1,100 300 600 900 +200
7 550 650 1,200 250 550 800 +400
8 600 700 1,300 200 500 700 +600
Due to the equilibrium between supply and demand, the price per pound worldwide is $5.
The US wants 350 but only receives 450 for $5. Mexico requests 650 but only receives 550. Therefore, the equilibrium exports to Mexico at $5 are 100 million pounds. As a result, demand and supply are balanced in both nations.
Consequently, the US will send Mexico 100 million pounds of strawberries.
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if $5,000 is invested in an account at 4% annual interest compounded continuously, how much will be in the account in 8 years if no money is withdrawn?
If no money is withdrawn in 8 years there will be $6842.85
We have
A = [tex]P(1+r/n)^{nt}[/tex]
and we have,
Principal = $5000
Rate = 4%
Time = 8 years
n = 1 (compounded once a year)
A = 5000 (1 + 4/100)⁸
A = $6842.85
So there will be $6842.85 in the account.
Your principal is the sum that you get from a moneylender. The interest is the expense of getting that cash. Your month-to-month contract installment may likewise incorporate some taxes and protection. On the off chance that it does, your moneylender holds a level of your regularly scheduled installment in an escrow account. With regards to getting, the principal is the underlying size of a credit — it can likewise be the sum actually owed on a credit. In the event that you take out a $50,000 contract, for instance, the principal is $50,000. In the event that you pay off $30,000, the principal balance currently comprises the remaining amount which is $20,000.
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what was the motivation of record companies and radio stations in creating and targeting new demographics in the early 1970s?
increased sales and revenues was the motivation of record companies and radio stations in creating and targeting new demographics in the early 1970s
What film helped disco music earn massive crossover success with both black and white audiences?The popularity of Saturday Night Fever helped disco gain acceptability in the general public.When it was released in 1977, the movie appealed to audiences of all ages, and its soundtrack, which featured the Bee Gees and a number of obscure dance classics, went on to become the best-selling album in pop music history.In the history of salsa music, the 1970s were the most significant decade.Fania Records was successful in assembling a large number of outstanding Salsa artists and popularizing this genre through both radio and live performances, the most well-known of which were the "Fania All All-Stars" concerts.To learn more about pop music history refer,
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in 2018, a company using us gaap made cash payments of $6 million for sala-ries, $2 million for interest expense, and $4 million for income taxes. additional information for the company is provided in the table:
Based on the information given, the company's operating cash flow for 2018 is closest to $6 million.
Operating cash flow = Cash received from customers − (Cash paid to suppliers + Cash paid to employees + Cash paid for other operating expenses + Cash paid for interest + Cash paid for income taxes)
Cash received from customers = revenue + decrease in accounts receivable = $37 + $3 = $40 million
Cash paid to suppliers = Cost of goods sold + increase in inventory + decrease in accounts payable
= $16 + $4 + $2 = $22 million.
Therefore, the company's operating cash flow = $40 − $22 − Cash paid for salaries − Cash paid for interest − Cash paid for taxes = $40 − $22 − $6 − $2 − $4 = $6 million.
Operating cash flow, which measures the amount of cash generated by a company's normal business operations, is an important measure for determining the financial progress of its core business activities. It signifies whether a company can generate enough positive cash flow to sustain and grow its operations, or else external financing for capital expansion may be required.
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the stock in bowie enterprises has a beta of 1.12. the expected return on the market is 12.40 percent and the risk-free rate is 3.27 percent. what is the required return on the company's stock? multiple choice 17.16% 15.33% 12.75% 13.12% 13.50%
The required return on the company's stock is 13.50 at The stock beta 1.12, Expected return on the market 12.40%, The risk-free rate 3.27%.
given data,
The stock beta = 1.12
Expected return on the market = 12.40%
The risk-free rate = 3.27%
the formula for Capital Asset Pricing Model is,
Required return = Risk free rate + Beta x (Market return - risk free rate)
substitute the above values in formula:
Required return = 3.27 + 1.12 x (12.40 - 3.27)
= 13.50
the required return on the company's stock is 13.50
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what would be the possible implications if the central bank(s) were unable to maintain predictable exchange and interest rates?
The possible implications if the central bank were unable to maintain predictable exchange and interest rates is an unstable economy.
A stable and predictable exchange and interest rates are good for the economy. It makes people and businesses feel more confident since it makes them think that they know the inflation rate. It causes people and businesses to be able to make long-range financial plans, invest, and spend. This makes the economy functions better,
If the central bank fails to maintain a stable and predictable rate, it will increase uncertainty and market interest rate. People and businesses would be less likely to invest, and the economy would be less stable.
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when there is no cyclical unemployment in the economy, group of answer choices structural unemployment is zero. frictional unemployment is zero. unemployment is the sum of frictional and structural unemployment. unemployment is only structural unemployment.
When there is no cyclical unemployment in the economy, unemployment is the sum of frictional and structural unemployment. The correct answer would be option C.
Cyclical unemployment is a shortage of employment brought on by fluctuations in the business cycle of an economy. Losses of jobs during economic downturns or contractions are the main source of cyclical employment. This sort of unemployment can occur without a recession, which is when an economy experiences negative growth for two or more quarters in a row.
Short-term unemployment includes frictional unemployment. When someone actively seeks a job or a new career, they are said to be in a frictional state of unemployment.
Long-term unemployment brought on by changes in the economy is referred to as structural unemployment. Although there are open positions, there is a mismatch between what employers need and what the available workers can provide, leading to this type of unemployment.
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which of the following would not contribute to a conflict between the decision model a manager uses and the performance-evaluation model top management uses to evaluate managers?
Sunk costs are important while making decisions, but they are not important when assessing results.
What is a sunk cost?In economics and commercial decision-making, a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered is referred to as a sunk cost. Sunk costs are expenses that can no longer be avoided if future action is taken; they are contrasted with prospective costs. In other words, a sunk cost is an expense from the past that is no longer relevant to decisions being made about the present. Consumers frequently factor past costs for things like fixing a car or house into their future decisions involving those properties in daily life, even though economists claim that sunk costs are no longer important for making future rational decisions. Only prospective (future) costs are relevant to a rational decision, according to classical economics and conventional microeconomic theory.
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the owner of a chain of supermarkets notices that there is a positive correlation between the sales of root beer and the sales of ice cream over the course of the previous year. during seasons when sales of root beer were above average, sales of ice cream also tended to be above average. likewise, during seasons when sales of root beer were below average, sales of ice cream also tended to be below average. which of the following would be a valid conclusion from these facts?
Another factor, such as the temperature outside, may have an impact on beer and ice cream sales.
The correlation coefficient measures what.
on November 11, 2022, revised.A number between -1 and 1 is the correlation coefficient, which indicates the strength and direction of a relationship between variables.To put it another way, it shows how similar two or more variables' measurements are across a datasets.
The correlation coefficient can assume what values.
The correlation coefficient can be anywhere from -1.0 to 1.0.To put it another way, the values can't be higher than 1.0 or lower than -1.0.A perfect negative correlation is represented by a correlation of -1.0, while a perfect positive correlation is represented by a correlation of 1.0.
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true or false: if a partnership has debt, the debt generally serves to increase the partner's outside basis.
If a partnership has debt, the debt generally serves to increase the partner's outside basis. This statement is true.
A capital interest is a partner's share of the net assets of a partnership at liquidation. The partner's outside basis is increased by the amount of the compensation income recognised. Unless an exception is met, a partner who contributes services to a partnership in exchange for profits interest does not recognise compensation income.
The outside basis and the capital account have very similar calculations, cash distributions, and allocation of income and loss. However, the outside basis also includes a share of any debt that the partner has adopted as part of its partnership investment.
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you invest $1,000 in a risky asset with an expected rate of return of 0.17 and a standard deviation of 0.40 and a t-bill with a rate of return of 0.04. what percentages of your money must be invested in the risky asset and the risk-free asset, respectively, to form a portfolio with an expected return of 0.11?
50% and 50% of your money must be invested in the risky asset and the risk-free asset, respectively, to form a portfolio with an expected return of 0.11.
What is an asset?
An asset is any resource that a company or other economic organisation owns or has control over. It is everything that has the potential to provide gains in terms of the economy. Assets are ownership worth that may be exchanged for cash. It includes money and other valuables that belong to an individual or a company. The two main categories of assets are tangible assets and intangible assets. There are numerous subclasses of tangible assets, including current assets and fixed assets.
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an investment contract that offers life insurance benefits plus participation in a portfolio of securities is called a:
Such a contract is known as a variable life insurance contract
A variable life insurance policy is a contract between an insurer and the insurance firm. It is intended to achieve specific financial, insurance, and tax planning objectives. It is a policy that will give the person's beneficiaries or family a certain amount after a person's death. Variable life insurance, also known as variable appreciable life insurance, has both lifetime coverage and a cash value account.
Variable life insurance policies provide a higher potential for future cash gains than traditional permanent life insurance plans. A variable life insurance contract enables both participation in a separate security portfolio and life insurance benefits. A variable annuity provides a death benefit, however, a death benefit is not the same as life insurance.
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To support their other promotional efforts, firms use ________blank to generate free media attention.
Companies utilize public relations to get free media attention to promote their other promotional initiatives.
How do public relations work?
The field of public relations (PR) consists of a variety of methods and approaches for controlling how news about a person or organization is presented to the general public, particularly the media. Disseminating significant company information or events, upholding a positive brand image, and turning negative situations into positive ones to lessen the fallout are its main objectives.
A company press release, news conference, journalist interviews, social media posts, or other events can all be used for PR. Every person or organization that operates in public faces the spread of information about them or their practices to the public.
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generally, relationships in supply chains exist because the parties ___.
Generally, relationships in supply chains exist because the parties want or need something from one another.
The most frequent reference to a relationship is to family relationships and blood relatives. A strong, close, or intimate association or acquaintance between two or more persons is referred to as an interpersonal relationship. Relationships between two variables or sets of data in mathematics and statistics are known as correlation and dependence.
The foundation of happiness and leading a fulfilling life is relationships. This is because they offer a diverse range of benefits. Through relationships, we can connect with friends and family who we can share our lives with and who can support us when we need it. They frequently make us laugh a lot, which makes us happy a lot of the time.
The three fundamental elements of all healthy partnerships are as follows: mutual respect, Mutual belief, and reciprocal affection.
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walden industries is being sued by a former employee for wrongful termination. it is probable that the company will lose the case and be ordered to pay the plaintiff a significant sum of money . if walden fails to report this information somewhere in its financial statements, it is violating the gaap concept of:
If Walden fails to report this information somewhere in its financial statements, it is violating the gap concept of Full disclosure.
What is gap concept?Gap concept evaluates the performance of business units to determine whether they are meeting business needs or objectives, and if not, what steps need to be taken to meet them It's a way.Gap concept is also known as needs analysis, requirements analysis, or needs gap analysis.A niche is an opportunity to offer something that the customer wants but the company does not currently offer. The term "Gap concept" refers to the difference between demand and supply relative to its supply.For example, if a company wants to launch a marketing campaign to improve its reputation or apply for credit, it will conduct a market gap analysis to determine the impact on the local economy and use that data as part of the campaign or credit application.To learn more about gap concept from the given link :
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which of the following would tend to reduce effective capacity? multiple choice improved production quality greater variety in the product line suppliers that provide more reliable delivery performance reduced changeover times
A greater variety in the product line would tend to reduce the effective capacity.
What is an effective capacity?The quantity of work that a company can really complete in a particular time frame is known as effective capacity. This is because there are several limitations, including issues with quality, delays, material handling, etc. Additionally, the term is used interchangeably with capacity management in corporate computers and information technology. Planning for IT capacity include determining how much space, hardware, software, and connecting infrastructure will be needed in the future. The availability of the necessary resources to handle a rise in users or interaction volume is a common worry for businesses. Central processing units (CPUs), memory, and storage can all be added to a physical or virtual server as part of capacity management. Growing web applications vertically and traditionally has been done in this manner.
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in periods of rising prices, under which inventory cost flow assumption does profit margin (pm) appear to be higher?
In a period of rising prices, FIFO produces the highest profit margin and the highest ending inventory.
FIFO and LIFO bookkeeping are forms used in directing stock and commercial matters including the amount of money a party has to have hampered inside the stock of produced merchandise, natural resources, parts, parts, or feedstocks.
Profit margin gauges the strength at which point a party or a trading activity forms services, basically by separating income by revenues. Expressed as an allotment, the profit border signifies how many cents of profit have existed to create each greenback of sale. Profit margins decide how much money you are making and show the overall monetary well-being of your trade.
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1. in general (do not reveal your team's specific strategy), how should you balance your marketing and sales by geography? what factors must you consider? how will you forecast demand? what are some good rules of thumb on how to approach planning how many shoes to make for which geographies?
We support strong retailers and use strong advertising, a high model number, and a higher S/Q to get as many orders as possible to increase our market share.
How does marketing relate to geography?
Geographical data can help marketers around the world see the big picture, get in touch with local culture, and be more nimble and quick to take advantage of new market opportunities to stay ahead of the competition.
What is the significance of location in marketing?
Geographical location plays a crucial role in determining product sales and market positioning due to the fact that individuals in different locations are bound to exhibit distinct characteristics and have distinct wants and needs. When developing your marketing strategy, you should take this into account.
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allocating service department costs provides a service firm a basis for evaluating the manufacturing costs for the company. profitability of its customers. value of its services. costs and profitability of its services.
Cost allocation provides a service firm a basis for evaluating the cost and profitability of services.
A company's profitability is determined by comparing its revenue to its outgoing costs. A more efficient organization will make more money relative to its costs than a less efficient one, which would have to spend more to make the same amount of money. Income and outlays are used to gauge profitability. Income is money made from a business's operations. A service is defined as "an act or use that a customer, business, or the government is willing to pay for." As examples, consider the work performed by barbers, physicians, attorneys, mechanics, banks, insurance companies, and others. All of society must contribute to the cost of providing public services.
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The default modifier used by most search engines is:
A. NOT.
B. OR.
C. ELSE.
D. AND.
the yield to maturity on a bond is the rate of return that equates the present value of the bond's future cash flows with the bond's group of answer choices face value. market value. liquidation value. book value.
A bond's yield to maturity is the rate of return that corresponds to the bond's future cash flows at their present value known as (D) market value.
What is Market Value?The price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction environment is known as its market value or OMV. Despite the fact that these phrases have different meanings under various standards and can have variations in some situations, market value is frequently used interchangeably with open market value, fair value, and fair market value. A bond's yield to maturity is the rate of return that corresponds to the bond's market value plus the present value of its future cash flows. The outstanding shares of a corporation are multiplied by the current market price to get market value, sometimes referred to as a market cap. If XYZ Company has 1 million outstanding shares and trades at $25 per share, its market value is $25 million.Therefore, a bond's yield to maturity is the rate of return that corresponds to the bond's future cash flows at their present value known as (D) market value.
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Correct question:
The yield to maturity on a bond is the rate of return that equates to the present value of the bond's future cash flows with the bonds is:
A. Liquidation value
B. Book Value
C. Face Value
D. Market Value
Home shopping parties may activate the risky shift or ________, in which the individual at the party may get so caught up in the party spirit that he orders products that he would normally not purchase.
Home shopping parties can lead to the risky shift or de-individuation, in which a person becomes so caught up in the party spirit that he or she orders products that they normally wouldn't buy.
de individuation is a phenomenon in which individuals act in situations in which they believe they cannot be personally identified, such as in groups, crowds, and online, in ways that appear to be impulsive, deviant, and even violent.
What kinds of de-individuation are some examples of?
People also experience de-individuation when they become involved in a hobby or activity.For instance, when they are in a mosh pit at a concert, people are frantically shaking their heads and punching the air—acts they wouldn't do if they weren't a part of a crowd.
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