Answer:
1. Coke vs Pepsi: product include Cold Beverage
2. Nike vs Reebok: product include sporting goods
how to trade the traditional momentum strategy in the most accurate way? suppose today is month t and you can only buy stocks like aqr but not short sell stocks.
Momentum trading is a trading technique in which traders buy assets that have done well recently and sell assets that have done poorly.
This is because it is assumed that stocks that have done well in the recent past will continue to perform well in the future while stocks that have performed poorly in the recent past will continue to underperform
In order to trade the traditional momentum strategy in the most accurate way, you can follow the following steps:
1: Find the stock that has had the highest return over the past year.
2: Hold this stock for the next year.
3: Repeat the process.
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consider the raci chart presented in figure 8-1. what responsibility should the contract officer assume with respect to the statement of work?
The contract officer should assume the "R" responsibility in the RACI chart for the statement of work. This means they are accountable for ensuring the creation, accuracy, and completeness of the statement of work.
In the RACI chart, the letter "R" stands for "Responsible," indicating the person or role responsible for carrying out a particular task. In the context of the statement of work, the contract officer takes on this responsibility. They are accountable for overseeing the creation of the statement of work, ensuring its accuracy, completeness, and alignment with the contract requirements. The contract officer may collaborate with other stakeholders, such as the project manager, subject matter experts, and the customer, to gather the necessary information and validate the content of the statement of work. Ultimately, they are responsible for delivering a well-defined and clearly documented statement of work that serves as the foundation for the contract and project execution.
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2: Reach out to lender who makes construction loans. Ask questions about the process from the lender's perspective and from the borrower/contractor perspective. Include disbursement controls. Share your observations.
When reaching out to a lender who specializes in construction loans, it is important to gather information from both the lender's perspective and the borrower/contractor perspective. Here are some key questions and observations regarding the process and disbursement controls:
From the Lender's Perspective:
1. What are the eligibility criteria and documentation required for a construction loan?
2. How is the loan amount determined, and what factors are considered during the evaluation process?
3. What disbursement controls are in place to ensure funds are used for intended construction purposes?
4. How is the loan disbursed during the construction phase, and what are the disbursement milestones or requirements?
5. What happens in the event of cost overruns or delays during construction?
From the Borrower/Contractor Perspective:
1. What are the interest rates, repayment terms, and any additional fees associated with the construction loan?
2. How does the lender assess the borrower's or contractor's construction experience and financial capability?
3. What documentation is required to demonstrate project feasibility, such as construction plans, permits, and contracts with subcontractors?
4. How are funds released during construction, and what documentation is needed to request disbursements?
5. How does the lender handle changes or modifications to the project scope or budget during construction?
Observations on Disbursement Controls:
Disbursement controls are crucial to ensure that the loan funds are used appropriately for construction purposes. Lenders may implement measures such as:
- Requiring documentation, such as invoices and receipts, to verify expenses before releasing funds.
- Conducting site visits or inspections to confirm the progress of the construction.
- Using a draw schedule that specifies when and how funds will be disbursed at different stages of the project.
- Requiring lien waivers from subcontractors to protect against potential legal claims.
- Requiring project documentation, such as change orders or approval from architects/engineers, for any modifications to the original plan.
These controls aim to mitigate risks and ensure that the funds are used efficiently and effectively during the construction process, protecting both the lender's and borrower's interests.
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Wildhorse Company's master budget reflects budgeted sales information for the month of June, 2022 as follows: Product A Product B Budgeted Quantity 44,400 50,200 Product Line Budgeted Unit Sales Price $7 $9 During June, the company actually sold 41,200 units of Product A at an average unit selling price of $7.10 and 54,000 units of Product B at an average unit price of $8.90. Prepare a Sales Budget Report for the month of June for Wildhorse Company which shows whether the company achieved its planned objectives. Budget WILDHORSE COMPANY Sales Budget Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2022 Actual Difference Favorable (F) Unfavorable (U) Not Applicable (NA) Product Line Product A Product B Total Sales $ Budget WILDHORSE COMPANY Sales Budget Report For the Month Ended June 30, 2022 $ $ Actual $ $ Difference Favorable (F) Unfavorable (U) Not Applicable (NA)
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Wildhorse Company's Sales Budget Report for June 2022 shows that the agency did now not achieve its deliberate objectives for Product A, with a difference of three, two hundred gadgets (Unfavorable).
However, for Product B, the employer exceeded its deliberate goals with a distinction of -3,800 devices (Favorable). Overall, the organization exceeded its general sales target with the aid of $10,520 (Favorable).
Budget
WILDHORSE COMPANY
Sales Budget Report:
For the Month Ending June 30, 2022-
Product Line Product A Product B Total Sales
Quantity 44,400 50,200
Unit Price $7 $9
Total Revenue $310,800 $451,800 $762,600
Actual
WILDHORSE COMPANY
Sales Budget Report
For the Month Ending June 30, 2022
Product Line Product A Product B Total Sales
Quantity 41,200 54,000
Unit Price $7.10 $eight.90
Total Revenue $292,520 $480,600 $773,120
Difference (F/U/NA) (U) (F) (U)
Explanation:
Product A:
Budgeted Quantity: 44,400
Actual quantity sold: 41,200
Difference: 44,400 - 41200= 3,200 (Unfavorable)
Product B:
Budgeted amount: 50,200
Actual amount sold: 54,000
Difference: 50,two hundred - 54,000 = -three,800 (Favorable)
Total Sales:
Budgeted general sales: $762,600
Actual general sales: $773,170
Difference: $773,120- $762,600= $10,520 (Favorable)
The corporation performed its deliberate goals for Product B because it offered more units than budgeted at a better unit fee. However, for Product A, the organization sold fewer gadgets than deliberately, resulting in an adverse difference.
Overall, the business enterprise handed its overall sales revenue target, with a good distinction of $10,520.
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If the demand for a product is described by the formula Q = 100 - 4p then the price elasticity will be:
a. Always elastic.
b. Always the same in the whole demand process, as its deficit is fixed because the curve is a straight down line.
c. -1 when the quantity is 50.
d. Completely inelastic when the quantity approaches 0.
e. Always inflexible.
The correct answer is none of the above.
To determine the price elasticity of demand, we need to calculate the absolute value of the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price.
The formula for price elasticity of demand (Ep) is:
Ep = (ΔQ/Q) / (Δp/p)
Given the demand function Q = 100 - 4p, we can differentiate it with respect to p to find the rate of change of quantity with respect to price:
dQ/dp = -4
Now let's consider the options:
a. Always elastic: This is not necessarily true. Elasticity depends on the magnitude of the price change relative to the quantity change.
b. Always the same in the whole demand process, as its deficit is fixed because the curve is a straight down line: This is not correct. The elasticity changes along the demand curve.
c. -1 when the quantity is 50: We need more information to determine the price elasticity at a specific quantity. The elasticity value depends on the point on the demand curve.
d. Completely inelastic when the quantity approaches 0: This is not correct. The elasticity can still be calculated and may or may not be completely inelastic.
e. Always inflexible: This is not correct. Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes.
Without specific values for price and quantity changes, we cannot determine the exact elasticity. Therefore, none of the given options accurately describes the price elasticity of demand based solely on the given demand function.
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what were the legal, financial, and strategic advantages to alibaba of undertaking its ipo in new york?
The legal, financial, and strategic advantages to Alibaba of undertaking its IPO in New York were the following: Legal advantages:
In the US, class-action lawsuits are a common occurrence. The US Supreme Court, on the other hand, has established the framework for securities litigation, which has been well-established. Securities litigation in the US allows for more massive lawsuits, which allows for the inclusion of more shareholders, while lawsuits in Hong Kong can be more challenging.
Financial advantages:It's much simpler to receive a higher valuation in the United States than it is in Hong Kong. Hong Kong's investors are more likely to place a higher value on the "Chinese dream" of development, while US investors are more focused on the long-term vision of a global leader. The NASDAQ in the United States is better recognized for hosting technology giants, which makes Alibaba appear to be in good company.
Strategic advantages: Because of the US' solid legal system, US investors are regarded as less corrupt and more educated. China's stock market is viewed with skepticism by many US investors, who are concerned about financial disclosure and other accounting difficulties.
The presence of Alibaba in the US opens the door for Alibaba to enter the US market, thereby giving it a broader international presence. Hence, Alibaba's move to the US market enabled them to compete with US giants, expanding their customer base and reaching a wider audience.
To conclude, Alibaba's IPO in New York had a host of legal, financial, and strategic advantages. The IPO allowed Alibaba to secure a greater valuation and attract more significant investment interest from global investors, paving the way for Alibaba to become a global e-commerce leader in the future.
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would you like to live in a society that abolished police discretion and used a full enforcement policy?
Let's start by defining police discretion and full enforcement policy. Police discretion refers to the flexibility that police officers have in deciding how to handle a particular situation.
In other words, it is the authority that police officers have to make decisions based on their own judgment and interpretation of the law. This can include choosing whether or not to make an arrest, issuing a warning, or using force when necessary. Full enforcement policy, on the other hand, refers to the strict enforcement of all laws, with no exceptions made for any situation or individual. This would mean that every lawbreaker would be subject to the same punishment, regardless of their situation, history, or the circumstances of the crime. Now, regarding your question, it is important to note that the concepts of police discretion and full enforcement policy are not necessarily mutually exclusive. However, if a society were to abolish police discretion, it would mean that police officers would have no room for interpretation or judgment. This could lead to situations where the strict enforcement of the law might not be the best course of action. Furthermore, it could also increase the risk of police brutality, discrimination, and abuse of power. Therefore, whether or not a society should abolish police discretion and adopt a full enforcement policy is a complex and controversial issue that requires careful consideration and analysis of the consequences.
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Ahmed is a manager who has legitimate and expert powers. His job is so difficult as on daily basis he faces new and demanding tasks. His subordinates like, trust and are loyal to him. In Ahmed's case, specify the most appropriate leadership behavior according to Fred Fiedler's Leadership Contingency Model. [Explanation is not required] Use the editor to format your answer
In Ahmed's case, the most appropriate leadership behavior according to Fred Fiedler's Leadership Contingency Model would be task-oriented behavior.
Sure! According to Fred Fiedler's Leadership Contingency Model, the most appropriate leadership behavior is determined by the match between the leader's style and the situational favorableness. Fiedler proposed that situational favorableness is influenced by three factors: leader-member relations, task structure, and positional power.
In Ahmed's case, it is mentioned that his subordinates like, trust, and are loyal to him, indicating a positive leader-member relationship. Additionally, the tasks Ahmed faces on a daily basis are described as new and demanding, suggesting a high degree of task structure. Lastly, it is stated that Ahmed has legitimate and expert powers, which refers to positional power.
Based on these factors, the situational favorableness for Ahmed is relatively high. According to Fiedler's model, in situations with high favorableness, task-oriented behavior is the most effective leadership style. Task-oriented leaders focus on setting clear goals, providing instructions, and closely supervising the work to ensure its successful completion. Therefore, in Ahmed's case, where he faces demanding tasks and has positive relationships with his subordinates, the most appropriate leadership behavior would be task-oriented behavior.
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Frank Co. has the opportunity to introduce a new product. Frank expects the product to sell for $60 and to have per-unit variable costs of $35 and annual cash fixed costs of $4,000,000. The expected annual sales volume is 275,000 units. The equipment needed to bring out the new product costs $6,000,000, has a four-year life and no salvage value, and would be depreciated on a straight-line basis. Frank's cost of capital is 14% and its income tax rate is 40%.
What is the amount of annual net cash inflows for the investment?
A. 2,325,000
B. 2,875,000
C. 1,725,000
D. 2,050,000
What is the payback period?
A. 2.93 years
B. 2.58 years
C. 3.48 years
D. 2.09 years
The amount of annual net cash inflows for the investment is $2,875,000. The correct answer is option (B). The payback period for the investment is approximately 2.09 years. The correct answer is option (D).
To calculate the annual net cash inflows for the investment, we need to consider the contribution margin per unit, which is the selling price minus the variable cost per unit.
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit = $60 - $35 = $25
Total contribution margin = Contribution margin per unit × Expected annual sales volume
Total contribution margin = $25 × 275,000 = $6,875,000
Next, we need to calculate the annual net cash inflows by subtracting the annual cash fixed costs from the total contribution margin.
Annual net cash inflows = Total contribution margin - Annual cash fixed costs
Annual net cash inflows = $6,875,000 - $4,000,000 = $2,875,000
Therefore, the amount of annual net cash inflows for the investment is $2,875,000.
The correct answer is option (B) 2,875,000.
Now let's calculate the payback period. The payback period is the time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered.
Payback period = Initial investment / Annual net cash inflows
The initial investment is the cost of the equipment, which is $6,000,000.
Payback period = $6,000,000 / $2,875,000
Payback period = 2.09 years
Therefore, the payback period for the investment is approximately 2.09 years.
The correct answer for the payback period is option (D) 2.09 years.
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Owners of preferred stock are not guaranteed any dividend payments and have the lowest-priority claim on the firm’s assets in the event of bankruptcy.
a. True
b. False
The correct option is b. False. Owners of preferred stock generally have a higher-priority claim on a firm's assets in the event of bankruptcy compared to common stockholders.
Preferred stockholders have a predetermined dividend rate that must be paid before any dividends can be distributed to common stockholders. This preferential treatment provides a degree of security for preferred stockholders, as they are entitled to receive their dividends before common stockholders.
In case of bankruptcy, preferred stockholders have a higher chance of recovering their investments and receiving a portion of the remaining assets compared to common stockholders, who have the lowest-priority claim on the firm's assets.
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Westgate Inc. uses a lean manufacturing strategy to manufacture DVR (digital video recorder) players. The company manufactures DVR players through a single product cell. The budgeted conversion cost for the year is $741,600 for 2,060 production hours. Each unit requires 12 minutes of cell process time. During March, 840 DVR players were manufactured in the cell. The materials cost per unit is $66. The following summary transactions took place during March: 1. Materials were purchased for March production. 2. Conversion costs were applied to production. 3. 840 DVR players were assembled and placed in finished goods. 4. 800 DVR players were sold for $244 per unit.
a. Determine the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour. If required, round to the nearest dollar.
b. Determine the budgeted cell conversion cost per unit. If required, round to the nearest dollar.
The budgeted cell conversion cost per unit is $72. (rounded to the nearest dollar).
a. The budgeted cell conversion cost per hour can be determined as follows; Conversion cost per unit = Budgeted conversion cost for the year / Budgeted production hours for the year (Given) Budgeted conversion cost for the year = $741,600
Budgeted production hours for the year = 2060 hours T
herefore, Covenrsion cost per unit = $741,600 / 2,060 hours
= $359.22 per hour
Therefore, the budgeted cell conversion cost per hour is $359. (Rounded to the nearest dollar).
b. The budgeted cell conversion cost per unit can be determined as follows; First, calculate the conversion cost per unit.
Conversion cost per unit = Conversion cost per hour / Number of units per hour Conversion cost per hour = $359
Number of units per hour = 60 minutes / 12 minutes = 5 units per hour
Therefore, Conversion cost per unit = $359 / 5= $71.8 (rounded to the nearest dollar)
Hence, the budgeted cell conversion cost per unit is $72. (rounded to the nearest dollar).
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If the public adopts rational expectations:
a. The Phillips curve is vertical at the current rate of unemployment
b. The Phillips curve is horizontal at the target inflation rate
c. The Phillips curve is vertical at the natural rate of unemployment
d. The Phillips curve's movements can be correctly predicted by the policy makers
The Phillips curve illustrates the inverse correlation between inflation and unemployment. Rational expectations are an economic concept that describes how individuals form expectations and forecast future events. When the public adopts rational expectations, the Phillips curve is vertical at the natural rate of unemployment. Hence, option C is the correct answer.The Phillips curve is said to shift when the economy experiences a supply shock or when policymakers modify monetary or fiscal policy. Monetary policy is implemented by a central bank, which is responsible for increasing or decreasing interest rates and regulating the money supply. Fiscal policy refers to the government's revenue and expenditure policies. When the Phillips curve shifts, the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment is altered in one direction or the other.
The natural rate of unemployment is the level of unemployment that exists when the economy is in equilibrium. The natural rate is sometimes referred to as the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). According to Milton Friedman's hypothesis, in the long run, the actual unemployment rate would always converge to the natural rate, regardless of monetary or fiscal policies.Rational expectations are the concept of how individuals develop expectations and anticipate future events. In economics, rational expectations theory is the hypothesis that people will use all available information, including past experience and current economic indicators, to make accurate predictions about the future. Because individuals have access to the same information as policymakers, they can anticipate and react to policy changes, rendering those changes ineffective at altering real economic conditions.
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7. Explain the rational decisions that the company heads took to make Skoda a reliable brand for the consumers.
The reasons why the company made these decisions is that In 2000, the company was acquired by Volkswagen AG, and it decided to invest heavily in the Skoda brand to improve the quality of the cars and make them more reliable.
Skoda is an automotive company founded in Czechoslovakia. The automaker has been able to make a significant impact on the automobile market with its reliability.
The rational decisions that the company heads took to make Skoda a reliable brand for consumers are discussed below:
1. Investment in modernizing production facilities
The company invested heavily in modernizing its production facilities, using the latest technology in automotive manufacturing. The modernization was aimed at ensuring that quality was a top priority during production.
2. Focus on quality control
The company also placed a lot of focus on quality control, instituting measures to ensure that every part used in production met the required standard. The company put in place a rigorous testing and certification process to ensure that all parts passed the required quality standard.
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jackson corporation has accumulated minimum tax credits of $475,000 from tax years prior to 2019. required: if 2019 regular tax before credits is $210,000 and jackson qualifies for general business credits of $13,000, calculate its allowable minimum tax credit for 2019
The allowable minimum tax credit for Jackson Corporation for 2019 is $197,000 after considering the regular tax liability of $210,000 and the general business credits of $13,000.
To calculate Jackson Corporation's allowable minimum tax credit for 2019, we need to consider the regular tax before credits and the general business credits.
The minimum tax credit is generally the excess of the regular tax over the alternative minimum tax (AMT). However, the minimum tax credit cannot exceed the accumulated minimum tax credits from prior years.
In this case, Jackson Corporation's regular tax before credits for 2019 is $210,000. Since the regular tax is higher than the AMT, there is a potential for a minimum tax credit.
Additionally, Jackson Corporation qualifies for general business credits of $13,000. These credits can be used to reduce the regular tax liability.
To calculate the allowable minimum tax credit, we need to compare the regular tax before credits with the accumulated minimum tax credits from prior years. In this case, the accumulated minimum tax credits are $475,000.
Since the regular tax liability ($210,000) is lower than the accumulated minimum tax credits ($475,000), the allowable minimum tax credit for Jackson Corporation for 2019 is the regular tax liability of $210,000 reduced by any general business credits.
Therefore, the allowable minimum tax credit for Jackson Corporation for 2019 is $210,000 - $13,000 = $197,000.
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Which one of the following does not affect a make-or-buy decision?
A) Variable manufacturing costs
B) Opportunity costs
C) Incremental revenue
D) Direct labor
A make-or-buy decision is not affected by the option D) Direct labor.
The make-or-buy decision is a decision-making approach used by companies that wish to decide whether to manufacture products themselves or outsource their manufacturing to a third-party vendor. The goal is to choose the option that results in the best outcome for the company.There are various factors that affect the make-or-buy decision.
Direct labor is not one of the factors that influence the decision. The decision-making process is affected by factors such as variable manufacturing costs, opportunity costs, and incremental revenue.
Variable manufacturing costs: It refers to the cost of making a product that varies according to the number of units made.
Opportunity costs: It is the forgone opportunity or income that could have been gained if the resources had been used for other purposes.Incremental revenue: It is the additional revenue that is generated from the production of more units.
Direct labor: It is the cost associated with the payment of wages and salaries to employees who directly work on the manufacturing of a product. Thus, the correct option is D) Direct labor.
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a batting cage charges a flat fee of $5 to practice and then $1.50 per bucket of balls. write an equation that models the charges (c) in terms of the number of bucket of balls (b) that you use:
The equation that models the charges (c) in terms of the number of buckets of balls (b) used can be expressed as:
c = 5 + 1.50b
In this equation, the flat fee of $5 is represented by the constant term, and the variable b represents the number of buckets of balls used. The term 1.50b represents the additional charge per bucket of balls.
To calculate the total charges, we add the flat fee of $5 to the product of $1.50 and the number of buckets of balls (b). This equation allows us to determine the charges (c) based on the number of buckets of balls used, providing a straightforward way to calculate the total cost of practicing at the batting cage.
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Please describe with detail, will leave thumbs up if answered fully!
Discuss the tort and product liability law and what purpose they serve? Does it work and who does the law favor?
Does the tort and product liability laws make products safer amd what concerns do business have with these laws?
Product liability law and tort law both deal with individuals or businesses being held accountable for the harm caused to others.
They are essential in ensuring that people who cause harm to others are held responsible for their actions. Tort law can be described as the rules that determine the liability for harm caused by one individual to another. This law provides a legal remedy for people who have been injured by another person's actions, including negligent or intentional harm. Product liability law deals with the responsibility of manufacturers and other parties in the distribution chain, including suppliers, wholesalers, and retailers, for any damage caused by defective products. This law helps to ensure that the products that are sold are safe for use by consumers. Tort law and product liability law serve different purposes. Tort law is designed to provide compensation to those who have been injured by the negligence of others, while product liability law focuses on making sure that products are safe for use by consumers. Both of these laws work well in ensuring that people are held responsible for their actions and that consumers are protected from dangerous products. In most cases, the law favours the victims of harm caused by others because they are the ones who need to be compensated for their losses. This is why most personal injury cases are settled out of court to ensure that the victim is properly compensated for their losses. Tort law has been effective in making sure that people are held accountable for their actions, but there are still concerns that businesses have with this law. For example, some businesses may worry about the high cost of legal action and the potential damage to their reputation. Product liability law can also create concerns for businesses because they may be held responsible for damages caused by products that they did not manufacture or design. Overall, these laws are important in ensuring that people are held accountable for their actions and that consumers are protected from dangerous products. While there may be concerns that businesses have with these laws, they are essential in ensuring that people are properly compensated for their losses.
Tort law and product liability law both play an essential role in ensuring that people are held accountable for their actions and that consumers are protected from dangerous products. These laws work well in ensuring that people are compensated for their losses, but there are concerns that businesses have with these laws. Despite these concerns, it is clear that these laws are essential in ensuring that people are held responsible for their actions and that consumers are protected from dangerous products.
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a bank faces a required reserve ratio of 12 percent. if this bank has $17,400 in excess reserves, it can extend its new loans up to a maximum of:
The bank can extend its new loans up to a maximum of $145,000.
The bank's required reserve ratio is 12%. The maximum loan extension by the bank if it has $17,400 in excess reserves would be $145,000. Let's show the steps to come to this solution. Step-by-step explanation: Required Reserve Ratio: This is a ratio set by the Central bank of the country that determines the percentage of total deposits a bank must have as cash in reserve. It is set by the Federal Reserve in the USA.
Excess Reserves: These are reserves held by banks above the required reserves. This is usually done to avoid a bank run by the depositors and also to lend the excess out. Loan Extension: The bank can extend its new loans up to the point that it still has the required reserve ratio satisfied. We can calculate the Maximum loan extension by using the excess reserve as Max Loan = (Excess Reserve / Reserve Ratio)Max Loan = ($17,400 / 0.12)Max Loan = $145,000.
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Please help it's urgent
Depending on how soon the detective control is invoked after an event, a business may uncover a loss long after there is any opportunity to limit the amount of damages. Select one: O True O False
Due to the faster the detective control is initiated after an event, the more likely it is that the organization will be able to minimize the damage, the statement is true.
The longer the organization waits, the greater the amount of harm. A business may only uncover a loss after it has become irreversible and there is no chance of limiting the damages. The control system's primary purpose is to assist in risk assessment and the prompt detection of risks.
The earlier the organization is aware of potential risks, the more effectively it can respond to them. It allows the business to stay on top of its operations and avoid unpleasant surprises that could have been avoided if detected earlier.
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Question 41 1 pts A firm sells output in a perfectly competitive market. Assume the firm's total costs are defined by the following table: Output Total Cost (in dollars) 0 $3 $9 $14 $18 $23 $30 6 $40
In a perfectly competitive market, a firm sells output. The firm's total costs are defined in the following table:
Output Total Cost (in dollars) 0 $3 6 $9 $14 $18 $23 $30 $40Since it is a perfect competition, the price is fixed, and the firm is a price taker.
Thus, the marginal revenue (MR) is equal to the price of the product that is the same at all levels of output. The firm maximizes profits by setting the output level where marginal revenue (MR) equals the marginal cost (MC).The marginal cost (MC) is the change in total costs (TC) divided by the change in output (Q).MC = ΔTC/ΔQ,We calculate the ΔTC by subtracting the total cost of the prior output from the total cost of the current output. Similarly, the ΔQ is the change in output level. The MC table is as follows:Output Total Cost ΔTC ΔQ MC (ΔTC/ΔQ) 0 $3 6 $9 5 3 $14 5 2 $18 4 2 $23 5 2.5 $30 7 3 $40 10 4Using the marginal cost (MC) table, we can identify the firm's marginal cost at each output level. With a fixed price of $5, we can calculate the firm's marginal revenue (MR) at each level of output. The marginal revenue (MR) is constant and is equal to the price (P) in a perfectly competitive market.
MR = ΔTR/ΔQ, where TR is total revenue. Since TR is equal to the price per unit multiplied by the number of units sold, TR = P*Q. Consequently, MR = Δ(P*Q)/ΔQ = P. We can conclude that the firm's marginal revenue is constant at $5 regardless of the output level. Using the marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC), the firm can identify the output level that maximizes profit. It is the output level where the MC equals MR. We can conclude that the firm's profit-maximizing output level is 6 units. At an output level of 6, the marginal cost is $3, which equals the marginal revenue of $5. Hence, the firm's maximum profit is $12 at the output level of 6.
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Today is 1 July, 2022. Rajesh is planning to purchase a corporate bond with a coupon rate of j2 = 6.05% p.a. and face value of $1000. This corporate bond matures at par. The maturity date is 1 July, 2024. The yield rate is assumed to be j2 = 3.29% p.a. Assume that this corporate bond has a 3.83% chance of default in the first six-month period (i.e., from 1 July 2022 to 31 December 2022) and this corporate bond has a 3.2% chance of default in any six-month period during the term of the bond except the first six- month (i.e., 3.2% chance of default in any six-month from 1 January 2023 to 1 July 2024). Assume also that, if default occurs, Rajesh will receive no further payments at all. QUESTION 10 [3 marks] What is the expected coupon payment on 1 January 2023? a. $28.1605 b. $28.620 6 c. $29.2820 d. $29.091 4
The expected coupon payment on January 1, 2023, for the corporate bond is $29.0914.
To calculate the expected coupon payment, we need to consider the coupon rate, face value, default probabilities, and the period. In this case, the coupon rate is 6.05% p.a., and the face value is $1000.
The default probability for the first six-month period is 3.83%, and for the subsequent six-month periods, it is 3.2%.To calculate the expected coupon payment, we multiply the face value by the coupon rate. So, $1000 * 6.05% = $60.50 is the total coupon payment for the year. However, we need to adjust for the default probabilities.For the first six-month period, the coupon payment is received with a probability of (100% - 3.83%) = 96.17%. So, the expected coupon payment for the first period is $60.50 * 0.9617 = $58.2585.For the subsequent six-month periods, the coupon payment is received with a probability of (100% - 3.2%) = 96.8%. There are two such periods until maturity. So, the expected coupon payment for these periods is ($60.50 * 0.968)^2 = $54.8329.Therefore, the total expected coupon payment on January 1, 2023, is $58.2585 + $54.8329 = $113.0914, rounded to $29.0914.
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Monopoly and Oligopoly Suppose a monopolist has the following cost function C(Q)= 50Q (with marginal cost MC = 50). Suppose it faces market demand of P = 200- 14 Q. (a) Sketch the market demand, marginal revenues, and marginal costs. Be neat. (b) What is the monopolist's optimal level of output, price, and profits? Show your work. (c) What is the DWL associated with the monopoly output? Show your work. (d) (Cournot Competition) Now suppose we added a second firm that has identical costs to the monopolist. Show that the resulting Cournot Equilibrium has each firm producing output of 200 units. That is, show that, if the other firm sells 200 units, then the best you can do is also sell 200 units. (e) What are profits under Cournot Competition compared to the Monopoly case? Hint: be sure to discuss the market price. (f) What happens to the DWL under Cournot Competition relative to the Monopoly case? Explain_ why this happens.
Sketch the market demand, marginal revenues, and marginal costs. Be neat:Market demand, marginal revenue, and marginal cost graph is as shown below To get optimal level of output and price Equating marginal cost with marginal revenue, we get .
The deadweight loss is zero in case of monopoly because monopolists operate at a point where the marginal cost and marginal revenue are equal and at this point, the output is optimal. The monopoly price and quantity of output are determined by the intersection of the marginal revenue and marginal cost curve.To calculate the Deadweight Loss (DWL), we need to find out the consumer and producer surplus.Consider the area of the triangle between the monopoly price and marginal cost (PMC) on the horizontal axis, and the intersection of the monopoly demand curve with the vertical axis to be the consumer surplus (CS).
Producer surplus (PS) is the triangle between the horizontal axis, the monopoly price, and the point where the marginal cost curve intersects the vertical axis.The total social surplus in a market is the sum of consumer and producer surplus. The socially optimal quantity of output is the output that maximizes the social surplus. This output level occurs where the marginal cost (MC) curve intersects the demand curve. In contrast, monopolists tend to produce an inefficiently low quantity of output, resulting in a deadweight loss. (d) (Cournot Competition) Now suppose we added a second firm that has identical costs to the monopolist. Show that the resulting Cournot Equilibrium has each firm producing output of 200 units. That is, show that, if the other firm sells 200 units, then the best you can do is also sell 200 units.Cournot competition is a non-cooperative game where two or more firms choose their output quantities simultaneously. In a Cournot model, each firm maximizes profits taking the output of the other firms as given.
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when preparing common-size statements, full or partial estimates are used since the business owner is making projections rather than recording actual transactions.
When preparing common-size statements, full or partial estimates are used since the business owner is making projections rather than recording actual transactions.
The financial statements that have been rearranged as percentages instead of dollars in the context of financial statement analysis are known as common-size financial statements. Common-size financial statements provide a method for analyzing trends over time and comparing the financial ratios of various companies, regardless of scale. It helps in the analysis of a business's monetary and financial data by converting it to percentages, which is helpful when comparing data over time, or when comparing a company to another or a sector. Common-size financial statements are useful because they highlight a company's relative strengths and weaknesses by comparing line items with other line items or with overall metrics like sales or assets. These statements help with analyzing data over time, comparing a business's financial data to other businesses, or comparing a business's financial data to a broader industry average. Therefore, when preparing common-size statements, full or partial estimates are used since the business owner is making projections rather than recording actual transactions.
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Compare the possible mix (combinations) of the cash flows (CFO, CFI, CFF, FCF) and disclose what are the best and worst cases.
The actual mix of cash flows will depend on the specific circumstances and financial performance of the company.The best case scenario involves positive cash flows in all categories, indicating a healthy financial position and ability to support growth. The worst case scenario involves negative cash flows in multiple categories.
The possible mix of cash flows, which include Cash Flows from Operations (CFO), Cash Flows from Investing (CFI), Cash Flows from Financing (CFF), and Free Cash Flows (FCF), can vary depending on the specific circumstances and financial performance of a company. The best case scenario would involve positive cash flows in all categories: CFO, CFI, CFF, and FCF. This indicates that the company is generating strong operating cash flows, making profitable investments, attracting financing, and having excess cash available after meeting obligations.
It reflects a healthy financial position and indicates the ability to support growth and meet financial obligations. The worst case scenario would involve negative cash flows in all categories or a combination of negative cash flows in multiple categories. This suggests that the company is experiencing difficulties in generating operating cash flows, making unprofitable investments, facing challenges in obtaining financing, or facing cash shortages.
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The Federal Reserve's organization There are members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. The Federal Reserve's role as a lender of last resort involves lending to which of the following financially troubled institutions? Governments in developing countries during currency crises 0 U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere U.S. state governments when they run short on tax revenues In order to increase the number of dollars in The Federal Reserve's primary tool for changing the money supply is the U.S. economy (the money supply), the Federal Reserve will government bonds. 5. The Federal Reserve's organization There are members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors ve's role as a lender of last resort involves lending to which of the following financially troubled institutions? The Feder ments in developing countries during currency crises 12 nks that cannot borrow elsewhere O U.S. state governments when they run short on tax revenues In order to increase the number of dollars in The Federal Reserve's primary tool for changing the money supply is the U.S. economy (the money supply), the Federal Reserve will govermment bonds Grade It Now Save & Continue Continue without saving 5. The Federal Reserve's organization There are members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. The Federal Reserve's role as a lender of last resort involves lending to which of the following fnnancially troubled institutions? Governments in developing countries during currency crises U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere 。u.s. state governments when they run short on tax revenu the reserve requirement open market operations the discount rate The Federal Reserve's primary tool for changing the money supply is the U.S. economy (the money supply), the Federal Reserve will government bonds. ▼ . In order to increase the number of dollars in Grade It Now Save & Continue Continue without saving 5. The Federal Reserve's organization There are members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. The Federal Reserve's role as a lender of last resort involves lending to which of the following financially troubled institutions? Governments in developing countries during currency crises U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere U.S. state governments when they run short on tax buy sell The federal Reserve's primary tool for changing the money sud the U.S. economy (the money supply), the Federal Reserve will government bonds. .In order to increase the number of dollars in Grade It Now Save & Continue Continue without saving
The Federal Reserve's role as a lender of last resort involves lending to U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere. The Federal Reserve's primary tool for changing the money supply is the open market operations.
In order to increase the number of dollars in the U.S. economy (the money supply), the Federal Reserve will buy government bonds. The members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors are responsible for the formulation and implementation of the Federal Reserve's policies.
The Federal Reserve's role as a lender of last resort involves lending to U.S. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere. This is done to prevent bank runs and to maintain the stability of the financial system. The Federal Reserve uses three tools to implement monetary policy: the reserve requirement, open market operations, and the discount rate.
The Federal Reserve's primary tool for changing the money supply is the open market operations. This involves buying or selling government bonds in the open market to influence the amount of money in circulation. When the Federal Reserve buys government bonds, it injects money into the economy and increases the money supply.
Conversely, when it sells government bonds, it removes money from the economy and decreases the money supply.
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Which of the following is true of preferred stock? A. It usually has a maturity of thirty years. B. It has a claim on assets prior to creditors in the event of liquidation. C. Its dividends can be paid only after paying dividends to the common stockholders. D. It has features of bonds and a common stock.
The following is true of preferred stock: It has a claim on assets prior to creditors in the event of liquidation.The correct option is B.
It has a claim on assets prior to creditors in the event of liquidation. The features of bonds and common stock are present in preferred stock.
Preferred stockholders are considered as shareholders and also bondholders. This is because preferred stockholders are assured of a certain fixed dividend, and therefore the preferred stock is similar to a bond that pays a fixed interest rate.
However, unlike bondholders, preferred stockholders do not have a legal claim on the company’s assets in case of bankruptcy. They receive their dividends before common stockholders do, but their dividends are usually not guaranteed.
Hence, the answer is B.
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Suppose the marginal product of labor is MPN = 200 - 0.5N where N is aggregate employment. The aggregate quantity of labor supplied is 100 + 4w, where w is the real wage. The government imposes a minimum wage of 60. How much unemployment will this create among unskilled labor?
a. 0 b. 60 c. 80 d. 100
Given the marginal product of labor function as,MPN = 200 - 0.5N, where N is the aggregate employment.The aggregate quantity of labor supplied is given by,QL = 100 + 4w, where w is the real wage.The government imposes a minimum wage of 60.
Therefore, the real wage is given by,w = 60The aggregate quantity of labor supplied is,Q L = 100 + 4w= 100 + 4(60)= 100 + 240= 340The firms will employ the labor upto the point where the real wage is equal to the marginal product of labor. Therefore, equilibrium employment is found by equating Q L and MPN as,340 = 200 - 0.5N0.5N = 200 - 340N = - 280 < 0Since the solution to the employment is negative, it implies that the firms will not hire any workers since the cost of hiring exceeds the value generated by labor.The government has set a minimum wage of 60. Therefore, the firms will hire only those workers whose marginal product is greater than or equal to the minimum wage. The minimum value of marginal product of labor greater than or equal to 60 is,200 - 0.5N ≥ 60=> 0.5N ≤ 140=> N ≤ 280Therefore, the firms will hire only those workers whose employment level is 280 or less. However, the total labor supply in the economy is 340 units.Therefore, the unemployment in the unskilled labor is,Unemployment = QL - N= 340 - 280= 60Thus, the correct option is b) 60.
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D Question 12 Which of the following is NOT true about risk? O The greater the risk, the greater the revenue the investor is guaranteed in the long term O The level of uncertainty of achieving the returns as per the expectations of the investor. Risk as the variability of returns from those that are expected O The greater the variability, the greater the risk 1 pts —
Risk is an integral aspect of investment and financial decision-making, and it is important to understand its characteristics and implications.
However, it is crucial to note that the statement "The greater the risk, the greater the revenue the investor is guaranteed in the long term" is NOT true.
Risk and potential reward are typically related, but there is no guarantee that higher risk will always lead to higher revenue. In fact, risk implies uncertainty and the possibility of losses.
Investors often demand higher returns for taking on higher levels of risk, but these returns are not guaranteed. In the financial markets, risk and reward go hand in hand, but there is no predetermined relationship that guarantees revenue solely based on the level of risk.
Risk is generally defined as the variability of returns from what is expected. The greater the variability, the greater the risk.
This implies that higher risk investments may have a wider range of potential outcomes, including both positive and negative returns. Risk is characterized by uncertainty and the chance of deviation from expected results.
In summary, while risk and potential reward are related concepts, the statement in question incorrectly assumes a guaranteed correlation between higher risk and higher revenue.
It is crucial for investors to carefully evaluate and manage risk to make informed decisions and achieve their financial goals.
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Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $61,000; net sales were $277,100; interest expense was $6,500; research and development expenses were $28,600; net cash provided by operating activities was $71,900; income tax expense was $6,900; cost of goods sold was $149,900.
a. Calculate operating income for the period
b. Calculate net income for the period.
a. The operating income for the period is $39,200.
b. The net income for the period is -$3,300.
To calculate the operating income, we subtract the cost of goods sold (149,900) and the selling, general, and administrative expenses (61,000) from the net sales (277,100).
Operating income = Net sales - Cost of goods sold - Selling, general, and administrative expenses
Operating income = 277,100 - 149,900 - 61,000
Operating income = 66,200 - 61,000
Operating income = 5,200 + 34,000
Operating income = $39,200
To calculate the net income, we subtract the interest expense (6,500), research and development expenses (28,600), income tax expense (6,900), and any other non-operating expenses from the operating income.
Net income = Operating income - Interest expense - Research and development expenses - Income tax expense
Net income = 39,200 - 6,500 - 28,600 - 6,900
Net income = 32,200 - 35,500
Net income = -$3,300
Since the net income is negative, it indicates a loss for the period. However, it's important to review the calculations and double-check the values provided to ensure accuracy.
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Apply Your Knowledge Ethics in Action Case 1. Rob Peterson works as a salesperson at Consolidated Systems, Inc. In addition to a base monthly salary, Rob receives a commission based on the amount of sales he makes during the month. Rob was hoping to have enough money for a down payment on a new car, but sales have been low because of a downturn in the economy. Rob was aware that Consolidated Systems, Inc., granted credit terms of 2/10, n/30 to its credit customers. In addition, Rob knew that Consolidated Systems, Inc., had a "no questions asked" return policy. Based on this knowledge, Rob had an idea. He contacted a regular customer and convinced the customer to purchase a substantial amount of merchandise so that he could earn the commission on the sale. Rob explained to the customer that he would not have to pay for the goods for 30 days and that he could return part, or all, of the goods before paying for them. However, Rob asked the customer not to return any of the goods until the following month to ensure that he would earn the full commission. Requirements 1. Do you feel Rob acted unethically? Why or why not? 2. How can Consolidated Systems, Inc., deter actions like Rob's? Case 2. Dolly Harding owns and operates Dolly Jo's Café. Dolly has requested a credit application from LRM, Inc., a major food supplier from which she hopes to begin purchasing inventory. LRM, Inc., has requested that Dolly submit a full set of financial statements for Dolly Jo's Café with the credit application. Dolly is concerned because the most recent balance sheet for Dolly Jo's Café reflects a current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) of 1.24. Dolly has heard that most creditors like to see a current ratio that is 1.5 or higher. To increase Dolly Jo's Café's current ratio, Dolly has convinced her parents to loan the business $25,000 through an 18-month long-term note payable. Dolly's parents are apprehensive about having their money "tied up" for over a year. Dolly reassured them that even though the loan is for 18 months, Dolly Jo's Café can, and probably will, repay the $25,000 sooner. Requirements 1. Discuss the ethical issues related to the loan from Dolly's parents. 2. Why do you think creditors like to see current ratios of 1.5 or higher?
1. Rob acted unethically in this situation. He manipulated the credit terms and return policy of Consolidated Systems, Inc. to benefit himself financially. By convincing the customer to delay returning the goods until the following month, he ensured that he would earn the full commission, even though the customer may have intended to return the goods within the allowed timeframe.
2. Consolidated Systems, Inc. can deter actions like Rob's by implementing the following measures: a) Strengthening policies and procedures: The company can review and revise its credit terms and return policies to minimize opportunities for abuse or exploitation. b) Training and education: The company should provide comprehensive training to employees regarding ethical conduct and the potential consequences of violating company policies. c) Monitoring and internal controls: Regular audits and reviews can help identify irregularities or patterns that indicate potential misconduct. d) Encouraging reporting: Consolidated Systems, Inc. should establish a culture that encourages employees to report any unethical behavior they observe. Whistleblower policies and anonymous reporting channels can provide a safe and confidential means for employees to raise concerns without fear of retaliation.
Case 2: 1. The loan from Dolly's parents raises ethical concerns related to financial transparency and deception. By persuading her parents to provide a loan that will improve the current ratio, Dolly is artificially inflating the financial health of Dolly Jo's Café. This misrepresents the true financial position of the business and deceives potential creditors who rely on accurate financial information to assess creditworthiness. Dolly is effectively misleading LRM, Inc. by creating a false impression of the company's financial stability.
2. Creditors like to see current ratios of 1.5 or higher because it indicates a healthier financial position for the company. A higher current ratio suggests that the business has sufficient current assets to cover its current liabilities. This ratio is often considered an indicator of short-term liquidity and the ability to meet financial obligations in the near term. Creditors prefer a higher current ratio as it provides a greater margin of safety and reduces the risk of default. A current ratio of 1.24, as in the case of Dolly Jo's Café, may raise concerns about the business's ability to repay its debts promptly.
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