suppose a ray of light traveling in a material with an index of refraction na reaches an interface with a material having an index of refraction nb. which of the following statements must be true for total internal reflection to occur? check all that apply. suppose a ray of light traveling in a material with an index of refraction na reaches an interface with a material having an index of refraction nb. which of the following statements must be true for total internal reflection to occur?check all that apply. the angle of incidence must be less than the critical angle. na > nb the angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle. the angle of incidence must be equal to the critical angle. na

There have 3 forces acting on the helicopter.

There have 2 forces acting on the load.

Magnitude of net force = 200 N.

Magnitude of acceleration of the system = 0.0833  m/s².

The speed of the system is increasing.

Given parameters:

Mass of the helicopter, M = 2000 kg

Mass of the load; m = 400 kg

Thrust force; F =  26000 N.

Hence, there have 3 forces acting on the helicopter:  weight of the helicopter, weight of the load, and thrust.

There have 2 forces acting on the load: weight of the load and thrust.

Total mass of the system = M +m = 2000 kg + 400 kg = 2400 kg.

Magnitude of net force = Thrust - weight of the system

= F - (M + m)g

= 26000 - (2000 + 400) × 10

= 200 N.

Magnitude of acceleration of the system = Magnitude of net force / Total mass of the system

= 200/2400 m/s².

= 0.0833  m/s².

Hence, the speed of the system is increasing.

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We know duat Momentum is conserved during Collision

P(i) = P(t) - part (a)

Part(b) Momentum = P

K(i) = 1/2 m₁ v₁ (1)²

K = p²/2m

K(1) = p2/2x mi

Solve for Vf.

m₁ x v₁  (i) = (m₁  +m₂) Vf.

V+ M₁  x V₁ (1)/(m₁  +m2)

Kf = p2 / (2x (m, +m₂))/p2(2xm,)) P2

= m₁ /m1+m2 = K.E Ratio

When two objects collide their total momentum before the collision is equal to their total momentum after the collision. This is the law of conservation of momentum. where M is the mass of the pendulum, m is the mass of the sphere, and v is the velocity of the center of mass of the composite system after the collision. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the sum of the momentum of the two bodies before the collision equals the sum of the momentum after the collision.

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The change in momentum of the cart is 24 kg⋅m/s.

What is momentum?

A particle's linear momentum, p, when it is travelling at a certain speed is described as

                                                          p = mv

When two objects collide, a force is applied for a predetermined period of time, changing the momentum of the item. When a force acts for a predetermined period of time, the object's mass either increases or decreases (or changes direction).

Given in the question,

Mass of the cart = 1.0 kg

Initial velocity of the cart, vi = 12 m/s

Final velocity of the cart, vf = 12 m/s

The magnitude of the cart's momentum change is

      Δp= m∣νi − νf∣

           = (1 .0 kg)∣(12.0m/s)−(−12.0m/s)∣

           = 24 kg⋅m/s.

Hence, The change in momentum of the cart after collision with the wall is 24 kg⋅m/s.

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Using the theories of protonephridia, we got that  the statements about the protonephridia of freshwater flatworms which is accurate is e)Fluid from the body enters the protonephridia without first being filtered.

The flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms, rotifers, and the nemerteans. Bundles of the flame cells are called Protonephridia. Protonephridia helps in the osmoregulation or ion-regulation. They are also helpful in the excretion.

Protonephridium is the network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings found in the phyla Platyhelminthes, Nemertea

Hence, the  the statements about the protonephridia of freshwater flatworms is accurate is option e) Fluid from the body enters the protonephridia without first being filtered.

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Coulomb force, also known as electrostatic force or Coulomb interaction, is the electric charge of a particle or object's ability to attract or repel other particles or things.

The force of force of attraction between two like it or unlike charges is known as the Coulombic force or an electrostatic force. The two charges are spaced apart and have opposite charges with equal magnitude.

Comb and paper scraps When a comb is scraped against hair, charges are transferred to the teeth of the comb. Paper scraps with opposite charges or those with neutral charges are drawn to the charged comb. Coulomb's law is well shown by the electrical interaction between both the paper fragments and the comb.

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The most common injury related to electrical hazards are Electrical burns.

What are electrical hazards?

An electrical burn is a type of skin burn that develops when your body comes into contact with electricity. It is possible for electricity to pass through your body when it comes into contact with it. When this occurs, the voltage has the potential to harm tissues and organs.

Hence, The most common injury related to electrical hazards are Electrical burns.

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-20 mph is the the relative velocity of  vba

Va=30 mph

Vb=10 mph

Vab= Vb - Va = 20 mph

Vba=Va - Vb= -20 mph

An object's relative velocity is the speed at which it moves in relation to another object. It serves as a method of determining how swiftly two objects are traveling with respect to one another. Relative velocity is essential to comprehending physics because it helps us grasp how objects move and interact with one another. Relative velocity can be estimated for a variety of interactions. An object's relative velocity is the speed at which it moves in relation to another object. It serves as a method of determining how swiftly two objects are traveling with respect to one another. Relative velocity is essential to comprehending physics because it helps us grasp how objects move and interact with one another.

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The boats were closest together for approximately ;  22 minutes

What is velocity?

Velocity is the directional velocity of a moving object, observed from a given frame of reference and indicating the rate of change of position measured at a given time reference (eg 60 km/h northward). Velocity is a fundamental concept in kinematics, a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of bodies.

Velocity is a physical vector quantity. The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of velocity is called velocity, and its magnitude is a consistent derived unit measured in the SI (metric) system as meters per second (m/s or m⋅s−1). For example, "5 meters/second" is a scalar, but "5 meters/second east" is a vector. An object is said to be accelerating if its velocity, direction, or both change.

Time After 6 pm =  t

Speed  of boat 1 travelling south wards after 6 pm ( t ) = 20 t

Speed of  boat 2 traveling east after 6 pm = 15 t

Distance of Boat 2 from Dock = 15 - 15 t

Distance of Boat 1 = 20t

∴ The distance between the boats

= ( 15 - 15 t )² + ( 20t )² = D * 2  ----- ( 1 )

Differentiating  equation ( 1 )     ( note : make dD/dt = 0 )

2( 15 - 15 t )* (-15) + 2 (20t)*(20)

make t subject of the expression

t = 9 /25

= 0.36 h ≈  22 minutes

Hence we can conclude that The boats were closest together for approximately ;  22 minutes

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The magnitude of the charge on the particle q=  4.5 X 10 -2 C

What is the magnitude of charge on the particle?

Charge can be defined as a  physical property that leads matter to experience a force within an electromagnetic field

If a non-zero magnetic force acts on a charged particle, then the particle will  move along a circular or a helical path. It requires the presence of  centripetal force to act on the particle, provided by the magnetic force on the particle.

The radius of the circular or helical path of the particle will depend upon   the charge carried by the particle, the strength of the magnetic field, and the mass of the particle, and velocity will be perpendicular to the magnetic field.

The mass of the particle , m = 0.0090kg =

9.0 ×10 − 3kg

The speed of the particle, v = 3.0m/s

The magnitude of the magnetic field,

B = 6.0T

The radius of the circular path,

r = 0.10 m

The uniform magnetic field is given by the following equation:

r = mv /  qB

Here,

q = mv / rB

q = 9.0 x 10 -3 kg X 3.0 m/s / 0.10 X 6

q=  4.5 X 10 -2 C

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The density of the wood from the floor is 2.8 kg.

What is buoyancy force?

A thing's propensity to float in a liquid is called buoyancy. When there is gravity present, all liquids and gases pull anything submerged in them upward with a force known as the buoyant force. An object submerged in a static fluid will float because of the pressure differences acting on its opposing sides.

What is density?

The definition of density for a solid substance is its mass per unit volume. The equation for density is d = M/V and stands for density, mass, and volume. Density is commonly measured in grammes per cubic centimeter.

Apply particle in equilibrium model, to the system of the wood cube and lead block in the vertical direction.

∑fy= B-m wood* g-mg=0

we know

B(buoyant + force)d water L^3 g

Where L^3 is the volume of displaced water

d water L^3 g- m wood*g-mg=0

now density (d)= mass(m)/volume(v)

d water L^3- d wood  L^3- m =0

solve for m

m= d water  L^3- d wood L^3

m=(d water- d wood) L^3

m=(1-0.65)(20)^3

m=2.8 kg

Therefore, density of the wood from the floor is 2.8 kg.

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Option B is correct. Except where a sign expressly states that you may not turn left at a red light, we are permitted to do so.

Give way to oncoming traffic, including pedestrians, when making a turn. When the signal is switching from green to red, the amber light allows time for vehicles to clear the road. Make sure there is enough space for approaching cars to pass. Look both ways for oncoming traffic or pedestrians before making any turns. You should turn from the lane that is closest to the direction you want to go and into the lane that is closest to the one you came from if there are no signs or lane markings to control turning.

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Equal but in opposing directions, forces of the car and the force of the bus.

Given that both objects are moving, you can be sure that the collision is elastic and that the forces involved in the collision between the bus and the car will be equal.

Without force, objects cannot be moved, stopped, or changed direction. Force can be defined as the pushing or pulling of any object as a result of the object's interaction or movement. In nature, there are various types of forces that interact quantitatively between two physical bodies, such as an object and its surroundings. If an object is in motion or in a static state, the position of the object can only be changed by an external force—referred to as force—pushing or pulling against it. The various types of contact force include spring force, applied force, air resistance force, normal force, tension force, friction force, and others that are generated when we exert some effort on an object. Non-contact forces, which include electromagnetic, gravitational, and nuclear forces, are another category of forces that exist at a distance.

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The correct answer to Brewster’s angle is 48.8 degrees.

What is Brewsters's law?

The Brewster's angle is the angle of incidence at which polarised light travels perfectly through a clear dielectric surface without being refracted. The light that is reflected from the surface when unpolarized light is incident at this angle is therefore perfectly polarised.

This equation's name is Brewster's law, and the angle it specifies is Brewster's angle. For a glass medium in air, Brewster's angle for visible light is around 56° (n2 = 1.5), while it is roughly 53° for an air-water interface (n2 = 1.33)

Brewster's Angle is defined as the inverse tan of n 2 over n 1. The inverse tan of 1.52 divided by 1.33 is thus 48.8 degrees.

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The net work done on the weights is 700 joules.

What is net force?
The total of all forces acting on the object is known as the net force. A mass can accelerate due to net force. A body is subject to another force whether it is at rest or in motion. When there are a lot of forces acting on a system, the term "net force" is used. The total of all forces acting on an object is known as the net force. A mass can accelerate due to net force. A body is subject to another force whether it is at rest or in motion. When there are a lot of forces acting on a system, the term "net force" is used. When a force is applied to a body, numerous additional forces, such as gravitational force Fg, frictional force Ff, and the normal force, also work to balance the applied force.

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This statement is FALSE, the visible surface of the sun is composed of solid matter.

The sun is made totally out of plasma, the fourth nation of depending after gasoline, liquid, and strong, and the most energetic. As you could consider, the sun is tremendously hot. It varies among nine,900-27,000,000°F in temperature among the “surface” (the outer limb of its environment where it becomes obvious to light as opposed to opaque), and the middle.  

Unlike the gasoline massive planets, which probably have a strong middle, the sun is made nearly out of hydrogen and helium, the lightest of all the elements, and at no point, internal should either of those exist as a solid at the one’s temperatures, despite the awesome pressures that exist in the solar. It’s plasma all the way down, even at the center where the density is ten instances that of gold.

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Since the majority of objects in the world do not emit their own light, they must reflect light in order to be seen. The walls of the room you are in reflect the light from the overhead ceiling "lights," not producing any of their own light.

We can only see when light is emitted from the things and strikes our eyes. Some objects, which do not all have the ability to emit light on their own, reflect light. We perceive an object when light strikes it and is reflected back to us by the object's surface.

what is reflection?

Light rays' direction changes and they turn around when they hit an item. This is referred to as light reflection. Incident rays are any rays that land on a surface. The point of incidence is the location at which an incident ray falls.

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Since the majority of objects in the world do not emit their own light, they must reflect light in order to be seen. The walls of the room you are in reflect the light from the overhead ceiling "lights," not producing any of their own light.

What is reflection?

Light rays' direction changes and they turn around when they hit an item. This is referred to as light reflection. Incident rays are any rays that land on a surface. The point of incidence is the location at which an incident ray falls.

We can only see when light is emitted from the things and strikes our eyes. Some objects, which do not all have the ability to emit light on their own, reflect light. We perceive an object when light strikes it and is reflected back to us by the object's surface.

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Runaway greenhouse effect caused by Venus' sulfuric acid clouds and lack of surface winds.The majority of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen.The atmosphere of Mars is very thin.

The layers of gas that surround and are held in place by a planet's gravitational pull make up the atmosphere of that planet. When the atmosphere's temperature is low and its gravity is strong, a planet can maintain its atmosphere. The gaseous layers encircling a planet or other celestial body are known as its atmosphere. About 78% of the atmosphere on Earth is made up of nitrogen, 21% of it of oxygen, and 1% of other gases. Depending on temperature, the atmosphere is made up of layers. Tropospheric, stratospheric, mesospheric, and thermospheric layers make up this system. The exosphere is a further zone located around 500 kilometers above the surface of the Earth. The atmosphere is the name given to the cloud of air that envelops the planet.

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The proton would move in x direction with a force of 2.64 x 10 power minus 4

Force = q ( v x b)

q = 1.6 x 10 -19 C

v = 5 x 10 power 5

b = 0.33 t

F = 1.6 x 10 -19 x 5 x  10 power 15 x 0.33

F =2.64 x 10 power minus 4

What is a magnetic field?

The magnetic field can be defined as an area around a magnet which exerts magnetic force and is caused by moving electric charge. Field lines are a visual tool used to represent magnetic fields.

Properties of Magnetic field are;

Hence in the given question proton would move in x direction with a force of 2.64 x 10 power minus 4

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The statement that best describes the part of the graph where the classical (Kuiper Belt Objects)kbos are found is "nearly circular orbits that stay farthest from the sun".

What are Kuiper Belt Objects?

The Kuiper belt object is described as a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune at 30 astronomical units (AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun.

The Kuiper belt object like the asteroid belt, consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed "ices"), such as

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Both rod-shaped magnets will align in a parallel configuration as similar poles and the magnetic field will repel each other.

Anything that creates a magnetic field is considered to be a magnet. The most noteworthy characteristic of a magnet—a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic elements like iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, etc.—is caused by this invisible magnetic field, which also attracts or repels other magnets.

A piece of equipment built from a substance that has been magnetized and produces a consistent magnetic field is called a permanent magnet. A typical illustration is a fridge magnet used to keep notes on the door of the refrigerator. The term "ferromagnetic" refers to materials that can be magnetized and are also strongly attracted to a magnet. These comprise several naturally occurring minerals, some alloys of rare-earth metals, and the elements iron, nickel, and cobalt and their alloys.

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The larger the frequency of a photon the larger , the energy of the photon.

A phantom is a particle representing a quantum of light or another electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.

The reason why the larger the radiation e frequency the larger the energy of the photon is the photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.

The photon travels at the speed of light in a vacuum, it is said to be massless as it is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero.

Photons have no mass their kinetic energy is equals to their  total energy

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When the paint brush is dropped from the top the acceleration increases.

Gravity is a force that pulls objects down toward the ground. When objects fall to the ground, gravity causes them to accelerate.

An object in free fall experiences an acceleration of -9.8 m/s². Whether explicitly stated or not, the value of the acceleration in the kinematic equations is -9.8 m/s² for any freely falling object.

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The most likely correct about the three stars is: They do not have the same initial mass.

The Chandrasekhar limit is established at a mass where the gravitational field's self-attraction cannot be balanced by the pressure from electron decay.  The limit that has been established these days is 1.39 solar mass.

Hence,  stars of average masses ends by forming white dwarf or neutron star but massive stars ends their life by forming black hole. Hence, They do not have the same initial mass.

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One of the key areas of science is the study of acceleration and deceleration. Any object's rate of changing velocity is referred to as its acceleration, and a negative acceleration value is referred to as deceleration.

Using beginning velocity of 50 miles per hour,

It's going to

Final speed: 73.33 ft/s, v = 0, and a2: -22 ft/s2.

Utilize the formula: v2 = v0 + 2as

n 0 = 5377.29 + (-44) s

s =5377.29/44 = 122.21 ft

v2 = u2 + 2as is the third equation of motion. We are already aware that distance is equal to average velocity times time. Either v2 = u2 + 2as or 2as = v2 - u2. The third equation of motion connects the particle's final velocity (v), initial velocity (u), constant speed (a), and displacement (S).

Speed is defined as the ratio of distance travelled to the amount of time required to cover that distance.

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The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on an object traveling in a horizontal, circular path is  increases mass, velocity and radius of the path.

centripetal force:

It is a type of force which acting on a object on circular path that keeps the object moving on that path.

Centripetal force is calculated as:

F = 1/2(mv²)

where,

F = centripetal force

m = mass of the object

v = velocity of the object.

From the above relation centripetal force is directly proportional to the mass and velocity and inversely proportional to the radius.

The given question is incomplete. The complete question is

Which of the following would increase the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on an object traveling in a horizontal, circular path?

The magnitude of the centripetal force acting on an object traveling in a horizontal, circular path is  increases mass, velocity and radius of the path.

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1.08* is the inductance L of a coil connected to this capacitor if the oscillation frequency of the l-c circuit is 1.67 mhz.

A capacitor is a device that uses the accumulation of electric charges on two nearby surfaces that are electrically isolated from one another to store electrical energy in an electric field. It has two terminals and is a passive electrical component. Capacitance refers to a capacitor's effect.

An L-C circuit is a type of electric circuit that consists of a capacitor and an inductor coupled together. It is also known as a tuned circuit, tank circuit, or resonant circuit.

The inductance is found from the resonant frequency formula :

ω2= (2πf)2 =1/LC=L=1/(2πf)2C

So, L=1/(2π1.67*106hz)(4.14*10-12F)

L=1.08*[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

Hence, 1.08*[tex]10^{-5}[/tex] is the inductance L of a coil connected to this capacitor if the oscillation frequency of the l-c circuit is 1.67 mhz.

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According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, curved spacetime is what causes gravity.

However, gravity a force in the broadest sense since it defines the interaction that results when two masses are in close proximity to one another. The warping of spacetime and also the motion of things through the stretched spacetime are the primary causes of gravitational effects. It appears as though a force was exerted towards the end, though.

With the publication of his general theory of relativity in 1915, Albert Einstein provided the solution. All mass-bearing things, such as the Earth, really bend and curve spacetime, which is what causes gravity to draw you toward the earth. You experience gravity because of its curvature.

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There are other gases produced during fermentation such as carbon dioxide. There are other possible gases produced by the organism during fermentation.

There are different gases produced during fermentation such as carbon dioxide. Certainly the gasoline produced can not be considered from nitrate reduction. Seeing that, there are different viable gases produced via the organism at some stage in fermentation.

Fermentation is a metabolic method that produces chemical modifications in natural substrates via the motion of enzymes. In biochemistry, it's far narrowly defined as the extraction of strength from carbohydrates inside the absence of oxygen.

This is a -step method, the first step is the formation of ethyl alcohol from sugar anaerobically using yeast. Inside the second step, ethyl alcohol is similarly oxidized to shape acetic acid the use of acetobacter micro organism. Microbial oxidation of alcohol to acid is an aerobic manner.

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Three problems faced by Mark Watney are :

What did Mark Watney do on Mars?

Mark Watney was also selected to perform experiments on plant growth using Martian Soil and Martian gravity.

Why was Mark Watney left on Mars?

Watney gets stranded on the Red Planet when a massive dust storm gravely injures him and forces his crewmates to escape, leaving him dead.

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