The fluid-filled interior compartment of the thylakoid network is referred to as the: Lumen
The thylakoid lumen is an aqueous phase that is continuously enclosed by the thylakoid membrane. It is essential for photophosphorylation during photosynthetic activity. Protons are hyped across the thylakoids into the lumen during the light-dependent reaction, making it acidic down to pH 4. The lumen in the chloroplast is referred to as the stroma. The stroma is the whitish fluid that surrounds the grana (thylakoids stacks) within the chloroplast. A lumen is the chloroplast membrane that surrounds space. Light energy is captured by photosystems found in thylakoid membranes. The thylakoid membrane contains enzymes required for photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions. Hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoid space, or lumen, during these reactions.The thylakoid space has an acidic pH due to the high concentration of hydrogen ions.
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For each of the following molecules, would you expect greater solubility in water or in hexane?
a. toluene
b. sucrose (table sugar)
c. isobutene
d. ethylene glycol
Answer:
a
Explanation:
boiling point of 111ºC and hexane, with a boiling point of 69ºC, is 42ºC, making these two substances most easily separated
Which of the following is the strongest type of interaction that occurs between the atoms within the circled areas of the two molecules represented above? A) Polar covalent bond B) Nonpolar covalent bond C) Hydrogen bond D) London dispersion forces
The strongest type of interaction that occurs between the atoms is hydrogen bond.(option c)
A hydrogen atom that is bound to a highly electronegative atom and another highly electronegative atom that is close by interact with one another to form hydrogen bonds, which are an unique kind of attractive intermolecular interactions. This process is known as hydrogen bonding.
As a result of hydrogen bonding, a hydrogen atom simultaneously forms a covalent bond with one electronegative atom and a hydrogen bond with the other. These are the prerequisites for hydrogen bonding:
1.A strongly electronegative atom connected to the hydrogen atom must be present in the molecule. The degree of polarization of the molecule increases with increasing electronegativity.
2.The electronegative atom should have a tiny size. The strength of the electrostatic attraction increases with decreasing size.
So, the hydrogen bonding is the strongest bond.
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Balance the following double displacement reaction and determine the coefficients of all of the reactants and products.
___ BaCl2 +___ Na2CO3 --> ___ BaCO3 + ___ NaCl
This double displacement reaction and the coefficients of all the reactants and products in this balanced chemical reaction is Bacl₂ + Na₂CO₃ = BaCO₃ + 2Nacl.
What is a double displacement reaction?A double displacement reaction is a particular type of reaction in which two reactants swap ions to produce two new molecules. Water-soluble ionic compounds interact with one another in a number of double displacement processes.
What is the meaning of coefficients?Coefficients are the numbers or expressions put in front of a chemical symbol or formula to balance chemical equations. It provides information on the number of atoms or molecules of the drug or chemical that are a part of the reaction.
What is a chemical reaction?When two or more compounds come into touch with one another and create a new substance, the process is known as a chemical reaction (s). Reactants or reagents are the name(s) for the substance(s) or substances that are initially incorporated into the chemical process. Chemical reactions typically involve a chemical change and produce one or more products, which typically differ from the reactants in some ways.
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A 70g chunk of metal at 180C was dropped in a bucket containing 400g of water at 25C. The final temperature of the mixture was 28C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal
Thus, the metal has a mhm specific heat capacity of 2.472 Joel program degrees Celsius.
To calculate the temperature change (T), subtract the end temperature from the initial temperature. Multiply the temperature change by the sample's mass. Share the product's energy and heat output. The equation is C = Q / (T m). The amount of heat energy per unit mass needed to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius is known as the specific heat. The form given below, where c is the specific heat, is typically used to express the relationship between heat and temperature change. Let S represent the water's specific heat capacity. Consequently, the combined temperature of 50g of water at 20°C and 50g of water.
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Identify one advantage to each of the following models of electron configuration: Dot structures Arrow and line diagrams Written electron configurations Type in your answer below.
Simple Lewis dot structures make it easy to see how many valence electrons are present in an atom. Valence electrons are shown as dots surrounding the atom that are organized in pairs in Lewis dot formations.
Electron spin direction is displayed using arrow and line diagrams, along with each orbital. The electron configuration of atoms is shown using arrow and line diagrams or orbital diagrams, which use boxes and arrows to indicate the different orbitals and the pairing arrangement of electrons. This model has the benefit of displaying each orbital as well as the electrons' spin polarity.
Written electron configurations are concise and also depict how the electrons are distributed throughout the sublevels. The number of electrons in a specific sublevel is indicated by superscripts in written electron configuration notation. Written electronic configuration has the advantage of being more compact due to the removal of boxes and arrows. It also displays how electrons are distributed among sublevels.
The arrangement of electrons within an atom's orbitals, shells, and subshells is known as electron configuration.
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Answer:
Dot structures make it easy to count electrons and they show the number of electrons in each electron shell.
Arrow and line diagrams show the spin of electrons and show every orbital.
Written configurations require minimal space and show the distribution of electrons between subshells.
Explanation:
correct on edg 2023
What forces are acting on a meter stick?
Whenever the meter stick stood by itself, two forces were acting on it: some upward pressure of the fulcrum as well as the descending gravity force.
To demonstrate that the resultant force was zero when the metre stick has been in equilibrium, you must balance forces acting on it in the first section. To figure out the mass of the meter stick, you should balance the metre stick's weight against with a known weight inside the second section.
In the event that the ruler was balanced, the support which it is resting applies a force equal in strength to that of the weight's opposite force. Therefore, the ruler is being acted upon by its weight as well as the friction coefficient somewhere at support.
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What is the occurrence of elements properties in which it repeats every after the eight elements?
The occurrence of elements properties in which it repeats every after the eight elements named a periodicity.
Periodicity would be the reappearance of identical features in an element's behavior when it is organized in atomic number-increasing at frequent intervals.
The repeating of a comparable electronic configuration of an element's atoms in its outermost electron shell after such a predetermined regular interval that's what causes periodicity in its properties.
The elements were organized by chemist John A. R. Newland in order of increasing their atomic weight. He gave it the name "the principle of Octaves" and described how a particular collection of qualities recurs every eight places.
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If 0.40 mole of H2 and 0.15 mole of O2 were to react as completely as possible to produce H2O, what mass of reactant would remain
The remaining mass of hydrogen that is present in the reaction is 0.20 grams.
The balanced chemical reaction can be depicted as follows:
2H2+O2---->2H2O
1 mole of Oxygen reacts with 2 moles of Hydrogen in order to produce two moles of water i.e., H2O.
0.15 moles of O2 reacts with 2 * 0.15 = 0.30 moles of H2
The moles of H2 are given i.e., 0.40 moles.
So remaining = 0.40 moles - 0.30 moles = 0.10 moles
Thus, the mass of H2 can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles with the molar mass that is expressed as follows:
Mass = moles * molar mass
Molar mass of H2= 2 g/mol
Mass of H2 remained in the reaction = 0.10 moles * 2 g/mole = 0.20 grams.
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Classify each amino acid according to whether its side chain is predominantly protonated or deprotonated at a pH of 7. 40. The p K a values of the Asp, His, and Lys side chains are 3. 65 , 6. 00 , and 10. 53 , respectively
His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.
What is amino acids?Organic substances that possess both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups are known as amino acids. Although hundreds of amino acids occur in nature, the alpha-amino acids that constitute proteins are by far the most significant. The genetic coding contains only 22 alpha amino acids. Amino acids are chemicals that make proteins when they combine. The building blocks of life are amino acids and proteins. Amino acids are left over after proteins are digested or broken down. To support the body, the human body utilizes amino acids to build proteins: Food should be broken down.
Here,
As the pH is given as 7.4 and pK of His is given as 6.00. There will occur a positive charge on His when it's pH < pK therefore, it is neutral at the given pH.
As the pK value of Lys is 10.53 that is greater than the pH of 7.40. Therefore, charge on Lys is positive.
As the pK value of Asp is 3.65 which is less than the pH value of 7.40. Hence, Asp has a negative charge.
Therefore, we can conclude that His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.
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Analysis of a 10.150 grams sample of a compound known to contain only phosphorus and oxygen indicates a phosphorus content of 4.433 grams. What is the empirical formula of this compound
A 10.150 grams sample of a compound containing only phosphorus and oxygen which indicates a phosphorus content of 4.433 grams has the empirical formula P₂O₅.
An Empirical formula is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of different atoms present in the molecule of a compound.
given,
mass of the unknown compound= 10.150 g
mass of phosphorus= 4.433 g
therefore, mass of oxygen
=mass of the unknown compound - mass of phosphorus
=10.150-4.433 g
=5.717 g
we know that
molar mass of oxygen = 16 g/mol
molar mass of phosphorus = 31 g/mol
number of moles of oxygen
=mass/molar mass
=5.717g/16gmol⁻¹
=0.357
number of moles of phosphorus
= mass/molar mass
= 4.433g/31gmol⁻¹
=0.143
Now, we will divide the moles by the smallest number of moles (0.143)
O= 0.357 / 0.143 =2.49≈ 2.5
P= 0.143 /0.143 = 1
now, we will multiply both numbers by 2 to get the simplest whole number ratio
O= 2.5×2= 5
P= 1×2= 2
Thus, the empirical formula is P₂O₅.
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Help please brainliest, I promise
According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation,2.66 moles of aluminium oxide are formed when 4 moles of oxygen reacts.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
As 3 moles of oxygen gives 2 moles of aluminium oxide, thus, 4 moles of oxygen will give 4×2/3=2.66 moles.
Thus, 2.66 moles of aluminium oxide are formed when 4 moles of oxygen reacts.
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Draw the structure of maleic acid ((Z)-but-2-enedioic acid).
The structure of maleic acid is H2C=CH2 with a double bond between two hydrogen atoms and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms in the three carbon chain.
H3C-C=C-COOH
\ /
H2C=CH2
1. Draw a three carbon chain with a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms
H3C-C=C-COOH
2. Add two hydrogen atoms to the second carbon atom
H3C-C=CH2-COOH
3. Draw a double bond between the two hydrogen atoms
H2C=CH2-COOH
H2C=CH2
\ /
H3C-C=C-COOH
The structure of maleic acid is H2C=CH2 with a double bond between two hydrogen atoms and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms in the three carbon chain.
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Where does the linkage between the -COOH group on one end of one molecule and the -NH2 group at the end of another molecule occur
The peptides amino acids form peptide linkages between -COOH and -NH2 groups in protein.
What do you mean by peptides?
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. They are found in all living organisms and play important roles in many biological processes, such as cell signaling, hormone production, and metabolism. Peptides can range in size from two to hundreds of amino acids and can be made up of different combinations of amino acids.
Peptide bonds are formed when the carboxyl group (COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group (NH2) of another amino acid. This creates a peptide bond, which is a covalent bond between the two amino acids. As proteins are made up of many amino acids, this process of forming peptide bonds is what links the amino acids together to form a protein.
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What happens to the reactivity when we move from left to right in the periodic table?
The metallic qualities drop and the non-metal characteristics rise as we progress from left to right, which results in a decrease inside the reactivity of such elements.
Metal reactivity is influenced by their propensity to lose electrons. The valence electrons could be simply eliminated as the atomic size grows, resulting in the formation of positive ions. As we proceed down the periodic table, the atomic size of metals gets bigger. The propensity to acquire electrons determines how reactive non-metals are.
Metal fosters strong down groups and declines across intervals from left to right. Indicators of nonmetallic properties rise from left to right and fall down groupings. Nonmetal reactivity goes up groups as well as down groups, increasing from left to right.
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In old western cowboys often would put their ear to a train track to listen for a oncoming train what benefit would this method provide over listening for a train by listening for sound throug air
Answer:the vibrations of the train moving on the tracks goes farther on the tracks than the sound of the train
Explanation:i think
S3o5 chemical compound
Answer:
Stainless SteelExplanation:
Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless SteelAnswer:
Sulfure 3
Oxygen 5
Explanation:
The S stands for Sulfure. And the stands for Oxygen. If you meant the name then its Trisulfur Pentoxide
hopefully that's what you meant.
Please help, would be greatly appreciated!
According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation 102.03 g of Al₂O₃ is formed from 54 g of aluminium.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample. As per stoichiometry of the given chemical equation, 107.92 g aluminium gives 203.92 g Al₂O₃, thus 54 g aluminium will give 54×203.92/107.92=102.03 g.
Thus, 102.03 g of Al₂O₃ is formed from 54 g of aluminium.
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(05.04 LC)
How many moles of sulfuric acid (H₂SO4) are needed to react completely with 6.8 moles of lithium hydroxide (LiOH)?
2LIOH + H₂SO4 → Li2SO4 + 2H₂O
O 3.4 mol H₂SO4
O 6.8 mol H₂SO4
O 10.2 mol H₂SO4
O 13.6 mol H₂SO4
3.4 mole of H₂SO₄ are needed to react completely with 6.8 moles of lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
Is lithium hydroxide harmful to humans?When breathed in, lithium hydroxide monohydrate can have an impact on you. Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate is a HIGHLY CORROSIVE CHEMICAL, and contact with it can cause serious skin irritation, eye damage, and burning. Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate inhaled can irritate the throat and nose.
From the stichiometry of the reaction: 2 LiOH + H2SO4 → Li2SO4 + 2H2O
It is evident that 2.0 moles of LiOH reacts with 1.0 mole of H2SO4 to produce 1.0 mole of Li2SO4 and 2.0 moles of H2O.
Using cross multiplication:
1.0 mole of H2SO4 reacts completely with → 2.0 moles of LiOH
x mole of H2SO4 are needed to react completely with → 6.8 moles of LiOH
since number of moles of H2SO4 = ( 1.0 x 6.8 ) / (2.0) = 3.4 mole of H2SO4.
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From the information on the table, determine the Mass of
the alloy, Volume of alloy, then the density of the alloy. Be
sure to follow the rules of significant figures in calculations.
Mass of Alloy _____g Bolume of the alloy ______mL. Density of the alloy: ____g/mL.
Answer:
mass of alloy=165.36g
volume of alloy=21.2ml
density of alloy=7.8g/ml
Predict the immediate effect of the following changes on the observed cell voltage, E.
H2(g) + PbCl2(s) <–> Pb(s) + 2HCl (aq)
Delta H standard rxn > 0
Match
a) Dissolve NaOH into solution
b) Increase the temperature
c) Increase the amount of PbCl2
d) Dilute the solution by adding H2O
i) Increased E
ii) Decreased E
iii) No change in E
Dissolve NaOH into the Solution will - Increased E
Increase the temperature - Increased E
Increase the amount of [tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex] - No change in E
Dilute the solution by adding [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] - Increased E
E= Voltage or the electromotive force generated in the cell
Dissolving NaOH will increase the conductivity and number of ions in the cell and Increases E . Adding water also increases the presence of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in the solution and Increases E.
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select all that apply. please i will mark you brainliest.
Answer:
The 2nd option
Can you describe , using full sentence , a car trip : o include distance , speed ,velocity and acceleration
Answer: Distance : The length of the space between two points.
Speed:The rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate.
Velocity: Velocity is the directional speed of an object in motion as an indication of its rate of change in position as observed from a particular frame of reference and as measured by a particular standard of time.
Accerelation: Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities. The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net force acting on that object.
Explanation: Hope it helps!
A 467. 8 ng sample of unknown radioactive substance was placed in storage and its mass measured periodically after 47 days the amount of radioactive substance had decreased 58. 48 ng how many half-lives of the non-radioactive substance have occurred
The amount of radioactive substance has decreased from 467.8 ng to 58.48 ng after 47 days, so 2.5 half-lives have occurred.
A radioactive isotope's half-life is the amount of time it takes for one half of the radioactive isotope to decay. A specific radioactive isotope's half-life is constant; it is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of that isotope.
Half-life = 47/2.5 = 18.8 days
Decrease in Radioactive Substance = 467.8 - 58.48 = 409.32
Half-life amount = 409.32/2.5 = 163.728
Number of half-lives = 409.32/163.728 = 2.5
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Prior to making your first extrication cut, you must first stabilize the vehicle. What tool will you use
Cribbing is the tool we use prior to making your first extrication cut in the vehicle
Before making the first extrication cut, it is important to stabilize the vehicle to prevent it from moving and to ensure the safety of the individuals involved in the extrication process. One tool that is commonly used to stabilize a vehicle during extrication is a set of stabilizing struts, also known as cribbing. Cribbing is a set of wooden or composite blocks that are placed under the vehicle to support it and prevent it from moving. The cribbing is typically placed at strategic points, such as the frame of the vehicle or the wheels, to provide a stable base for the vehicle.Additionally, other tools like wheel chocks, jacks, and air bags may be used to provide additional support and stability. The extrication team will assess the situation and choose the most appropriate tool to stabilize the vehicle.
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7.92g of FeSO4 • 6H2O is equal to how many molecules?
7.92g of FeSO4 • 6H2O is equal to 1.55 x 10^23 molecules.
What is molecules?Molecules are the smallest units of matter that can exist by themselves. They are composed of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. Molecules can be found in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. They can also be found in living organisms, like plants and animals. Molecules can be made of a variety of different atoms, such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. They also come in different shapes and sizes, depending on the types of atoms they are composed of.
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what point is swift makihng in a modest proposel by discounting other people and more humane solutions
Making people aware of how terrible hunger and poverty are in contemporary society is the aim of A Modest Proposal.
These kinds of problems are still important in today's culture and are not only confined to Swift's day. Jonathan Swift wrote an article titled "A Modest Proposal" that discusses hunger and poverty. Swift created it in 1729 as a means of drawing attention to how terrible these issues were.Most likely, this idea did seem excessive to many of his contemporaries, especially if they failed to grasp the text's satirical and sarcastic tone. Swift is trying to make a point about how things between the rich English and the poor Irish have gotten out of hand.
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How do you make the balanced equation of making ammonia?
__ N² + __ H² → __ NH³
(with steps to solve)
Answer:
1, 3, 2
Explanation:
1 mole of N^2 so you have 2 N.
3 mole of H^2 so you have 6 H.
2 mole NH^3 so you have 2 N and 6 H
2N + 6H = 2N + 6H
at ph=0, the net charge on a polypeptide will be negative.
a. true
b. false
False. A polypeptide will have a negative net charge at ph=0.
A polypeptide is what?A peptide is a small, chemically bound chain of amino acids, usually between two and fifty amino acids (called peptide bonds). A polypeptide is a longer (51 or more amino acids) chain of connected amino acids. One or more polypeptides are used to create the proteins that are produced inside of cells.
What role does the polypeptide play?Polypeptides. Proteins are created by joining several amino acids together to form polypeptides. The coupling of two or so more polypeptides results in the formation of proteins, after which they are folded into the appropriate shape.
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Why did the scientists only add earthworms to half of the pipes?
...
An annelid can regenerate to some extent after being split in half, and in some species, you may even get two worms. However, the common earthworm only regenerates from the tail end; Every time, the head end dies.
Can worms withstand being divided in half?The Washington Post reports that many earthworms can lose several segments from their head end and grow back, and that almost all worms can regrow their tails if they are amputated. However, for some worms, the likelihood of fully regenerating decreases with the number of segments removed.
What substance does the earthworm secrete to stabilize the tunnel walls?Coelomic fluid, which is secreted by many earthworms, makes it easier for them to move through the soil. This fluid forms a cement-like substance that lines the burrows of some burrowing species to prevent the walls from falling down.
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N2+ 3H2= 2NH3+ energy Design criteria are the desired features of a design. Identify at least two criteria for the design of the ammonia-making process. Explain why these criteria are important.
Efficiency and safety are important criteria for the design of ammonia production processes, as they consume less energy and reliably produce large amounts of ammonia with minimal risk of accidents.
What are Design Criteria?Design criteria are specific characteristics or requirements that a design must meet in order to be successful. They provide clear and measurable criteria for evaluating designs, ensuring that the final product meets the needs and expectations of customers or users. Design criteria include not only technical specifications such as size, weight and materials, but also performance requirements such as safety, efficiency and durability. It can also include cost-related criteria such as manufacturing cost, ease of maintenance, and environmental aspects. The process of identifying and defining design criteria is an important step in the design process as it helps ensure that the final product meets user needs and is fit for purpose. This is important because as much of the reactants (nitrogen and hydrogen) as possible are converted to ammonia, thereby maximizing the yield of the process. This is important to make the process economical and produce large amounts of ammonia.
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