Pecking Order Theory states that companies finance their investments in a certain hierarchy of funding sources where retained earnings are given the highest preference over external financing sources.
When the companies face adverse selection costs due to asymmetric information, they tend to rely more on their internal financing sources and equity financing over debt. This is because equity financing is perceived as more attractive by investors and creditors, and it helps the company to avoid the costs associated with debt financing.
The following is a question on Pecking Order Theory and a sample empirical model:
Amount of Investment = intercept + coefficient A * control variables + coefficient B * amount of internal funds
If there is NO Asymmetric Information, then Coefficient B should be POSITIVE. If there is Asymmetric Information, then Coefficient B should be NEGATIVE.The reason behind this is that if there is NO Asymmetric Information, the companies do not face any adverse selection costs, and they can easily access external financing sources such as debt and equity financing. Thus, they will be more inclined to invest in external financing sources rather than relying solely on their internal funds.
This indicates that the coefficient B will be POSITIVE as the investment will be positively associated with the amount of internal funds.On the other hand, if there is Asymmetric Information, the companies will prefer to use their internal financing sources instead of relying on external financing sources due to the high costs associated with debt financing. As a result, the coefficient B will be NEGATIVE as the investment will be negatively associated with the amount of internal funds.
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An accountant recognizes the impact of a business event when cash is teived or paid in which basis of accounting OA. Managerial OB. Cash-basis OC. Financial OD. Accrual Time Remaining: 00:41 17 Next
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An accountant recognizes the impact of a business event when cash is received or paid in cash-basis accounting.
The cash basis of accounting is a system of accounting in which income is accounted for when cash is collected, and expenses are accounted for when cash is paid out. It is a straightforward approach to accounting that is commonly used by small businesses who do not require financial statements that adhere to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Therefore, the answer to this question is Option B. Cash-basis accounting.
In cash-basis accounting, revenue and expenses are recorded when cash is received or paid, respectively. The system does not account for accounts receivable or accounts payable, and the recognition of revenue and expenses is postponed until payment is received or made.
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The OIC Fiqh Academy has ruled that preference shares are not permissible. Below are among the reasons why preference shares are not permissible, except:
A. Priority in liquidation, violates principle that losses should be borne by partners in proportion to their capital contribution
B. Fixed rate of dividend
C. Higher payout is acceptable
D. The issues regarding a hierarchy of capital suppliers is not in the spirit of Islamic partnership
The OIC Fiqh Academy has ruled that preference shares are not permissible. Option C: Higher payout is acceptable.
Preference shares are not permissible according to OIC Fiqh Academy due to some reasons mentioned below: Priority in liquidation, violates principle that losses should be borne by partners in proportion to their capital contribution. Fixed rate of dividend. The issues regarding a hierarchy of capital suppliers is not in the spirit of Islamic partnership. In Islamic finance, the concept of preference shares is not accepted. Equity investments in shares are considered as a partnership where investors become partners in the business, and as such they will share in both the profits and losses of the business, and cannot be fixed or guaranteed. This is why preference shares are not permissible according to OIC Fiqh Academy.
Preference shares are those types of shares that have the preference in the payment of dividend and/or return of capital when the company decides to return funds to its shareholders. Preference shares are those shares that have a fixed rate of dividend and/or preferential right over equity shareholders in respect of dividends and repayment of capital. Preference shares are those shares that have a preferential right over equity shares in respect of payment of dividend and repayment of capital. Preference shares are those shares that have a fixed rate of dividend. Preference shares are issued by the company to raise capital.
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Write an essay using Christian world view about payroll
management.
Payroll management is an essential part of running a business. It ensures that employees are paid accurately and on time. As a Christian, the way we manage our finances and treat our employees is an important reflection of our faith. Therefore, it is vital to approach payroll management with a Christian worldview.
Firstly, it is crucial to pay employees fairly. The Bible teaches that “the laborer deserves his wages” (1 Timothy 5:18). This means that employees should be compensated for the work they do, and it is our responsibility as employers to ensure that they receive what they deserve. It is also essential to avoid exploiting our employees for our own benefit. Instead, we should strive to be generous and fair in all aspects of our business, including payroll management.
Secondly, we should prioritize honesty and integrity when managing payroll. The Bible teaches us to “do unto others as you would have them do unto you” (Matthew 7:12). This means that we should treat our employees with honesty and transparency, especially when it comes to their pay. Payroll management should be done with the utmost integrity, ensuring that employees are paid what they are owed and that all transactions are recorded accurately.
Finally, as Christians, we should view payroll management as an opportunity to serve others. The Bible teaches that “whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me” (Matthew 25:40). Therefore, we should approach payroll management with a servant’s heart, seeking to serve our employees and meet their needs.
In conclusion, payroll management is an important aspect of running a business. As Christians, we should approach it with a worldview that emphasizes fairness, honesty, and service to others. By doing so, we can reflect our faith in all aspects of our business, including payroll management.
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Lawn mowers are sold mostly in the summer months but are manufactgured around the year to meet the heavy summer demand. what category of inventory would this exemplify?
This scenario exemplifies the concept of "seasonal inventory." Seasonal inventory refers to the inventory that is produced or stocked in advance to meet the anticipated demand during specific seasons or periods of high demand.
What inventory is this?In this case, lawn mowers are manufactured throughout the year to ensure an adequate supply is available during the summer months when the demand for lawn mowers is highest.
By producing lawn mowers year-round and building up inventory, manufacturers can meet the surge in demand during the summer season without experiencing shortages or delays. This practice helps ensure that retailers have sufficient stock to fulfill customer needs and take advantage of the peak selling period.
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1. Consider the Solow growth model without productivity growth. The production func- tion is K¹/3L2/3, population growth is n = .01, and depreciation is d = .05. Define the Golden Rule and find the saving rate s that achieves the Golden Rule. Show your work!
In the Solow growth model, capital accumulation is the main driver of economic growth. In this model, capital per worker increases with the saving rate, so the saving rate determines the long-term growth rate. The Golden Rule saving rate is the saving rate that maximizes consumption per worker. It is the saving rate that leads to the highest sustainable level of consumption per worker.
In Solow growth model without productivity growth, the production function is K¹/³L²/³, population growth is n = .01, and depreciation is d = .05. We can find the Golden Rule saving rate that achieves maximum consumption per worker by following the steps below:-
The per-worker production function is given byf(k) = k¹/³ (A L)²/³ = (A/4) (kL)²/³where k = K/L and A is a constant representing technology. We can write the steady-state equation as:sf(k) – (n + d)k = 0where s is the saving rate. In the absence of technological progress, the saving rate determines the long-run growth rate.In the steady state, we havek* = [s/(n + d)]¹/1–αf(k*) = sf(k*) = (n + d)k*We want to find the Golden Rule saving rate that maximizes consumption per worker. Since consumption per worker is given byc = (1 – s)f(k*)we can write the per-worker consumption function as:c = (1 – s) (A/4) (k*)²/³The first-order condition for maximizing consumption per worker with respect to the saving rate isdc/ds = – (A/4) (k*)²/³ = 0s* = 1/3 and the second-order condition isd²c/ds² = (2A/27) (k*)⁴/³ < 0Therefore, s* = 1/3 is the Golden Rule saving rate that achieves maximum consumption per worker.
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quare test Of-test Question 30 2 pts R2 = .42 in a standard multiple regression with four predictor variables. How should this value be interpreted? O 17.6% (i.e., .42 x .42) of the variance in the cr
R-squared is the regression squared value which is a statistical measure that describes the proportion of the variation in a dependent variable that is explained by the independent variables of a regression model.
If an R-squared is 0.42 in a standard multiple regression with four predictor variables, it can be interpreted to mean that 42% of the variance in the criterion variable can be predicted by the predictors in the model.Square the R-squared value to get the percentage of the variance explained by the model.
R-squared = 0.42, therefore 0.42 squared = 0.1764 or 17.64%.Thus, the correct answer is: 42% of the variance in the criterion variable can be predicted by the predictors in the model.
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You expect General Motors (GM) to have a beta of 1.3 over the next year and the beta of Exxon Mobil (XOM) to be over the next year. Also, you expect the volatility of General Motors to be 40% and that of Exxon Mobil to be 30% over the next year. Which stock has more systematic rok? Which stock has more total nok? ОА. см, хом OD. XOM, GM OC. GMGM OD. XOM. XOM
The stock that has more systematic risk and the stock with more total risk respectively, are C. GM GM
How to find the more risky company ?Since GM has a higher beta of 1.3 compared to XOM's beta of 0.9, it suggests that General Motors has more systematic risk. A beta greater than 1 indicates that the stock is expected to be more volatile than the overall market, while a beta less than 1 suggests lower volatility compared to the market.
Regarding total risk, it combines both systematic risk (measured by beta) and unsystematic risk (company-specific factors). The volatility of GM is higher than that of Exxon Mobil so GM has higher total risk.
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what negative external costs may exist when air pollution and water pollution are introduced into the environment?
More land is available for development Property values will increase Loss of wildlife habitat also impacting wildlife populations
When air pollution and water pollution are introduced into the environment, the negative external costs can include health problems, environmental damage, economic losses, and ecosystem disruptions.
Air pollution and water pollution have numerous detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The direct and indirect consequences of these types of pollution can lead to negative external costs, which are costs borne by society as a whole rather than by the polluting entities.
In the case of air pollution, it can contribute to respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and other health problems. These health impacts result in increased medical expenses, reduced productivity, and a burden on healthcare systems, representing negative external costs.
Water pollution poses risks to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Contaminated water sources can lead to waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, causing health problems and additional healthcare costs. Additionally, polluted water bodies harm aquatic life, disrupt ecosystems, and reduce biodiversity, leading to negative external costs associated with the degradation of the environment and its resources.
The negative external costs associated with air pollution and water pollution encompass health impacts, environmental damage, economic losses, and ecosystem disruptions. These costs extend beyond the polluters themselves and affect society as a whole, highlighting the importance of addressing and mitigating these forms of pollution for the well-being of individuals and the sustainability of the environment.
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Some say the value is driven entirely by feelings. Do you agree or disagree?
Is the valuation of a scenario in risk assessment objective or subjective?
Define the term "disutility." Is disutility an absolute or relative value?
Discuss the connection between value and the "asset" part of the security context.
1. The statement that "value is driven entirely by feelings" is subjective because it assumes that people's perceptions and emotions are the only determining factors in an item's worth. 2. The valuation of a scenario in risk assessment can be both objective and subjective.3. Disutility is a term used in economics to refer to the negative effects of consuming a good or service. 4. The asset is a critical component of the security context because it is what is being evaluated and protected. Value is directly related to the asset because it represents the worth or significance of the asset.
While emotions and feelings may influence a person's perception of an item's value, there are also objective factors such as scarcity, utility, and demand that contribute to an item's worth. Therefore, one can disagree with the statement that value is driven entirely by feelingsObjective risk assessment is a mathematical method of determining risk based on data and evidence. This can include calculating probabilities and using other quantitative measures. Subjective risk assessment, on the other hand, is based on personal judgments and experiences. It involves assessing risk based on one's own perceptions of the likelihood and severity of an event. So, the valuation of a scenario in risk assessment can be both objective and subjective.It is the dissatisfaction, discomfort, or inconvenience that a person experiences as a result of consuming a good or service. Disutility can be an absolute value, meaning that it is a fixed, measurable amount of discomfort or dissatisfaction. Alternatively, it can be a relative value, meaning that it varies depending on the individual and their circumstances.In security terms, the value of an asset is often based on its importance to an organization or its market value. The security measures put in place to protect an asset are directly related to its value. The more valuable an asset is, the more security measures are likely to be put in place to protect it. In summary, the value of an asset is an essential part of the security context because it determines the extent of the protection that is required to safeguard it.Learn more about Risk assessment: https://brainly.com/question/1224221
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QUESTION 4 Economic fluctuations are largely a result of changes in aggregate demand. True False QUESTION 5 Potential GDP growth is relatively smoother than aggregate demand growth. True False
Economic fluctuations are largely a result of changes in aggregate demand. Answer: True Potential GDP growth is relatively smoother than aggregate demand growth. Answer: True
Economic fluctuations are largely a result of changes in aggregate demand. Economic fluctuations are caused by changes in aggregate demand. Changes in aggregate demand cause changes in output, which causes fluctuations in the economy.
Potential GDP growth is relatively smoother than aggregate demand growth. True FalseAnswer: TrueExplanation: Potential GDP growth is relatively smoother than aggregate demand growth. Potential GDP growth is relatively stable and smoother over time. It is a measure of the growth of the economy if the labor, capital, and technology are used to the fullest extent possible. The rate of potential GDP growth is determined by the growth rate of labor, capital, and technology.
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The standard time for producing 260 articles is 75 hours. The rate of wages is R3.00 per hour. The actual time taken for producing 260 articles is 65 hours. What are the earnings of the worker under the Rowan plan?
The earnings of the worker under the Rowan Plan would be found to be R 221.
How to find the earnings ?The total earnings under the Rowan Plan would be:
= Hours worked × Rate per hour + ( Time saved/ time allowed × hours worked × rate per hour )
The hours worked = 65 hours
Rate per hour = 3 per hour
Time allowed is 75 hours
The total earnings are:
= ( 65 x 3 ) + ( 10 / 75 x 3 )
= 195 + ( 1, 950 / 75 )
= 195 + 26
= R 221
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Supplier Reliability: Ingrid shows data for total deliveries per year and on-time deliveries per year. What is an actionable metric that Ingrid could develop from these two pieces of data? That is, what is a metric that could be measured on a periodic basis (monthly, quarterly, annually) to show if the supplier is improving or not?
Supplier Manageability: Ingrid is using distance from headquarters as a metric for supplier manageability. Do you think that distance from headquarters is a good metric for supplier manageability? In other words, does distance from headquarters measure what is important to FarmCo in a way that shows whether the supplier is improving or not? How might suppliers respond to orders (manage lead times) even though they are located a far distance?
Supplier Importance: Ingrid is measuring supplier importance based on the number of product variants using parts from a supplier. Is this really a scorecard measure (ie, a measure of the supplier’s performance) or is this more like a dimension that could be used in the Supplier Segmentation Matrix (Kraljic Matrix)? In other words, as currently measured, is supplier importance something suppliers can actually do well at? Or improve on? Explain why or why not?
Supplier Dispensability: We will discuss a similar metric (recovery time) when we discuss supply chain risk. If a supplier has a low supplier dispensability rating, would this be something that a supplier would need to take action on? Or would it make more sense that FarmCo would take action here? Again, the question here is – should supplier dispensability actually be on a performance scorecard? Or should it be part of a broader discussion about how FarmCo manages risk in its supply chain?
Describe the main issue that FarmCo is having in this case.
FarmCo should consider revising their scorecard to include more appropriate metrics that accurately reflect supplier performance.
A metric that Ingrid could develop from these two pieces of data is the percentage of on-time deliveries. This metric could be measured on a periodic basis (monthly, quarterly, annually) to show if the supplier is improving or not.Supplier Manageability: Distance from headquarters may not be the best metric to measure supplier manageability.
This is because suppliers may respond to orders (manage lead times) even though they are located a far distance. Instead, metrics like lead time, response time, and flexibility may be better indicators of supplier manageability. Suppliers could respond to orders (manage lead times) even though they are located a far distance.
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Which of the following is true of ownership changes in a partnership? O O O O A. Admitting a new partner does not change the core structure of the old partnership B. Any time the partner mix changes, the old partnership ceases to exist and a new partnership begins C. A person can become a partner by purchasing an existing partner's interest, even without the approval of the other partners. D. The purchase of an existing partner's interest is a transaction between the new partner and the partnership firm.
Any time the partner mix changes, the old partnership ceases to exist and a new partnership begins is true of ownership changes in a partnership. Option B is correct.
A partnership is an official agreement between two or more people to run a business and share profits. There are many different kinds of partnerships. Specifically, in an organization business, all accomplices share liabilities and benefits similarly, while in others, accomplices might have restricted risk.
A partnership has the following advantages: More than one head is better than none at all. Your company is simple to start, and starting costs are low. The company now has access to more capital. You'll be able to borrow more money.
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Shockley Co.reported the following amounts in its financial statements Financial Statements for Year Ended December 31. 2020 2021 2022 720,000 852,000 $ 775,000 225,000 280,000 236,000 1,165,000 1,275,000 1,110,000 1,297,000 1,440,000 1,242,000 a) Cost of goods sold b Profit (c) Total current assets d Equity In making the physical cdonts of inventory, the following errors were made: Inventory on December 31,2020:understated $71.000 Inventory on December 31,2021:overstated $31,000 Required: For each of the preceding financial statement items-a),b),(c),and(d-prepare a schedule similar to the following and show the adjustments that would have been necessary to correct the reported amounts.(Negative answers should be indicated by a minus sign.)
In the financial statements provided for Shockley Co. for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022, certain inventory errors were identified. The inventory on December 31, 2020 was understated by $71,000, and the inventory on December 31, 2021 was overstated by $31,000.
Cost of goods sold:
Adjustment for 2020:
Original reported amount: $720,000
Adjustment: Understated inventory by $71,000
Corrected amount: $720,000 + $71,000 = $791,000
Adjustment for 2021:
Original reported amount: $852,000
Adjustment: Overstated inventory by $31,000
Corrected amount: $852,000 - $31,000 = $821,000
Adjustment for 2022:
Original reported amount: $775,000
No adjustment needed since it is the current year's amount.
Profit:
Profit is calculated using the formula: Revenue - Cost of goods sold
Adjustment for 2020:
Original reported amount: $225,000
Adjustment: Corrected cost of goods sold is $791,000 (from part a)
Corrected amount: $225,000 - $791,000 = -$566,000
Adjustment for 2021:
Original reported amount: $280,000
Adjustment: Corrected cost of goods sold is $821,000 (from part a)
Corrected amount: $280,000 - $821,000 = -$541,000
Adjustment for 2022:
Original reported amount: $236,000
No adjustment needed since it is the current year's amount.
Total current assets:
Adjustment for 2020:
Original reported amount: $1,165,000
Adjustment: None since it is not affected by inventory errors.
Adjustment for 2021:
Original reported amount: $1,275,000
Adjustment: None since it is not affected by inventory errors.
Adjustment for 2022:
Original reported amount: $1,110,000
No adjustment needed since it is the current year's amount.
Equity:
Adjustment for 2020:
Original reported amount: $1,297,000
Adjustment: None since it is not affected by inventory errors.
Adjustment for 2021:
Original reported amount: $1,440,000
Adjustment: None since it is not affected by inventory errors.
Adjustment for 2022:
Original reported amount: $1,242,000
No adjustment needed since it is the current year's amount.
Cost of goods sold: The adjustments for each year involve correcting the reported amounts by considering the inventory errors. In 2020, the inventory was understated by $71,000, so the cost of goods sold needs to be increased by that amount. In 2021, the inventory was overstated by $31,000, so the cost of goods sold needs to be decreased by that amount. No adjustment is needed for 2022 since it is the current year's amount.
Profit: Profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the revenue. To determine the corrected profit, we need to adjust the reported cost of goods sold by considering the inventory errors. In both 2020 and 2021, the adjustments to the cost of goods sold result in negative profits, indicating losses. No adjustment is needed for 2022 since it is the current year's amount.
Total current assets: The total current assets are not affected by the inventory errors. Therefore, no adjustments are necessary for any of the years.
Equity: Similarly to total current assets, equity is not affected by the inventory errors. Therefore, no adjustments are required for any of the years.
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a manufacturer's operating budgets consists of the: (check all that apply.)
The main components of a manufacturer's operating budgets typically include: Sales Budget , Production Budget , Sales Budget and Labor Budget:
Sales Budget: This budget estimates the expected sales revenue for a specific period. It takes into account factors such as market demand, pricing strategy, and sales projections to determine the anticipated sales volume and sales value.
Production Budget: The production budget outlines the quantity of goods that the manufacturer plans to produce during a given period.
It considers factors such as sales forecast, desired inventory levels, and production capacity to determine the optimal production volume.
Direct Materials Budget: This budget focuses on estimating the quantity and cost of direct materials required for production. It considers factors such as the production volume, desired inventory levels, and material costs to determine the quantity of materials to be purchased and the associated costs.
Direct Labor Budget: The direct labor budget estimates the labor costs associated with the manufacturing process. It considers factors such as the production volume, labor requirements, labor rates, and any anticipated changes in workforce to determine the labor costs.
Manufacturing Overhead Budget: This budget accounts for the indirect costs of production, such as factory utilities, equipment maintenance, and other overhead expenses.
It estimates the expected overhead costs based on historical data, projected activity levels, and any anticipated changes in overhead expenses.
These budgets are interrelated and provide a comprehensive framework for planning and controlling the manufacturing operations of a company. They help in aligning production activities with sales targets, managing costs, and ensuring efficient resource allocation.
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Use the following for questions 9-11 - The income statement of Dolan Corporation for 2018 included the following items:
Interest revenue $131,000
Salaries and wages expense 170,000
Insurance expense 15,200
The following balances have been excerpted from Dolan Corporation's balance sheets:
December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Interest receivable $18,200 $15,000
Salaries and wages payable 17,800 8,400
Prepaid insurance 2,200 3,000
9. *99. The cash received for interest during 2018 was
a. $112,800. b. $127,800. c. $131,000. d. $134,200.
10.*100. The cash paid for salaries during 2018 was
a. $179,400. b. $160,600. c. $161,600. d. $187,800.
11.*101. The cash paid for insurance premiums during 2018 was
a. $13,000. b. $12,200. c. $16,000. d. $14,400.
From Dolan Corporation's income statement and balance sheet:
9. the cash received for interest during 2018 was $127,800. Therefore, the correct option is B.
10. The cash paid for salaries during 2018 was $160,600. Therefore, the correct option is B.
11. The cash paid for insurance premiums during 2018 was $14,400. Therefore, the correct option is D.
9. Since Interest Revenue is recorded on the income statement, and interest receivable is recorded on the balance sheet. Therefore, cash received for interest will be:
Interest Revenue - increase in interest receivable
$131,000 - ($18,200 - $15,000)
Cash received for interest = $127,800
Therefore, the cash received for interest during 2018 was $127,800 which corresponds to option B.
10. Since Salaries and Wages Expense is recorded on the income statement and Salaries and Wages Payable is recorded on the balance sheet. Therefore, cash paid for salaries will be:
Salaries and Wages Expense - Increase in Salaries and Wages Payable
$170,000 - ($17,800 - $8,400)
Cash paid for salaries = $160,600
Therefore, the cash paid for salaries during 2018 was $160,600 which corresponds to option B
11. Since Insurance Expense is recorded on the income statement and Prepaid Insurance is recorded on the balance sheet. Therefore, cash paid for insurance premiums will be:
Insurance Expense - Decrease in Prepaid Insurance
$15,200 - ($3,000 - $2,200)
Cash paid for insurance premiums = $14,400
Therefore, the cash paid for insurance premiums during 2018 was $14,400 which corresponds to option D.
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TRUE / FALSE. "Within the design shipment network, the buyer structures
transportation so that all shipments come directly from each
supplier to each buyer location.
In the design shipment network, the buyer organizes transportation in a way that ensures every shipment is delivered directly from each supplier to the respective buyer's location.
This means that there are no intermediate stops or transfers between suppliers and buyers. This direct shipping approach minimizes handling and potential delays, streamlining the supply chain and improving overall efficiency.
By eliminating unnecessary transit points, the buyer can maintain better control over the transportation process, enhance visibility, and reduce the risk of errors or damages during shipment.
Ultimately, this design ensures a seamless and direct flow of goods from suppliers to buyers, optimizing the distribution process.
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The demand function for a high-end car manufacturer takes the form P = ✓(a - bQ) where a and b are both positive. If the manufacturer makes 70 cars, the total and marginal revenues are 700 and 20 respectively. Find the values of a and b rounded to nearest integer. The values are a = and b=
Given,The demand function for a high-end car manufacturer takes the form P = √(a - bQ) where a and b are both positive.The manufacturer makes 70 cars.Total revenues (TR) = PQMarginal revenues (MR) = d(TR)/dQ = d/dQ (PQ) = P + Q dP/dQNow, we will find the values of 'a' and 'b' :Total revenue, TR = P × Q700 = √(a - 70b) × 70 ...(1)Marginal revenue, MR = 20 = (√(a - 70b)/2√(a - 70b)) × 70 + dP/dQLet's solve for dP/dQ dP/dQ = -b/√(a - bQ)Now, we will substitute the values of P, MR, Q, and dP/dQ in the above equation to get:20 = (√(a - 70b)/2√(a - 70b)) × 70 - b/√(a - 70b)Simplifying the above equation:40√(a - 70b) = 70√(a - 70b) - 2b(a - 70b)⇒ 2b(a - 70b) + 30√(a - 70b) - 35 × 2√(a - 70b) = 02b(a - 70b) - 40√(a - 70b) = 0b(a - 70b) = 20√(a - 70b) ...(2)
Multiplying equations (1) and (2) and squaring both sides:490000 = 140b(a - 70b)Now, dividing both sides by 2 and simplifying, we get:3500 = 99ab - 7b³∴ a = (3500 + 7b³)/99, b > 0Substituting the value of a in equation (2):b[(3500 + 7b³)/99 - 70b] = 20√[(3500 + 7b³)/99 - 70b]Simplifying the above equation:7b⁴ - 2310b² - 9800b + 122500 = 0Solving the above equation using synthetic division:Possible factor = 5| 7 0 -2310 -9800 122500 5 35 175 -1065 6975 5 40 -2490 -12250 61250 5 45 -2025 -8000 61375We can see that b = 45 satisfies the equation.∴ a = (3500 + 7(45³))/99 ≈ 303.96 ≈ 304 (rounded to nearest integer) and b = 45 (rounded to nearest integer).Hence, the required values are: a = 304, b = 45.
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Given the following data: E₁=Y105 = $1.00 Et+1=Y90 = $1.00 (one year later) Japan = 12% annually lus. = 15% annually Calculate the future value of a $1,000 investment. If the $1000 is invested in the U.S., the future value is $ 1150. (Round your response to two decimal places.) If the $1000 is invested in Japan (and repatriated back to dollars), the future value is $. (Round your response to two decimal places.)
If the $1000 is invested in Japan (and repatriated back to dollars), the future value is $869.57.
To calculate the future value of an investment, we need to consider the interest rates in both countries. In the U.S., the interest rate is 15% annually, while in Japan, it is 12% annually.
Step 1:
In the U.S., the future value of the $1000 investment can be calculated using the formula for compound interest:
Future Value = Principal * (1 + interest rate)^time
Here, the principal is $1000, the interest rate is 15% (0.15), and the time is one year. Plugging these values into the formula:
Future Value = $1000 * (1 + 0.15)^1 = $1000 * 1.15 = $1150
Step 2:
On the other hand, if the $1000 is invested in Japan and then repatriated back to dollars, we need to take into account the exchange rate between the Japanese yen (JPY) and the U.S. dollar (USD). Let's assume the exchange rate is 1 USD = 105 JPY initially and 1 USD = 90 JPY after one year.
To calculate the future value in dollars, we need to convert the final amount in yen back to dollars using the exchange rate.
First, we calculate the future value in yen using the compound interest formula:
Future Value in yen = Principal * (1 + interest rate)^time
= ¥1000 * (1 + 0.12)^1
= ¥1000 * 1.12
= ¥1120
Next, we convert the future value in yen to dollars using the exchange rate:
Future Value in dollars = Future Value in yen / Exchange rate
= ¥1120 / 90 JPY/USD
≈ $12.44
Therefore, if the $1000 is invested in Japan and repatriated back to dollars, the future value is approximately $12.44.
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Which of the following represent tools that the Central Bank uses to conduct monetary policy? (mark all that are correct)
O Changing the interest rate of households mortgages
O Changing the interest rate paid on excess reserves
O Buying and selling government bonds from/to private banks
O Lending directly to large non-financial corporations
O Lending directly to banks at the discount rate
Using the quantity equation of money describe what would happen to prices and to the real output after an expansionary monetary policy: What would happen in the long run if the money supply increases by 8%? (mark all that are correct) O Price level increases by about 8% O Output increases by about 8% O The growth rate of output will be close to 0% O The growth rate of prices will be close to 0%
1. Monetary policy refers to the actions and measures implemented by the central bank to regulate and control the money supply and interest rates in an economy to achieve specific economic goals. Therefore option (A), (B) ,(E) is the correct answer.
The correct tools that the Central Bank uses to conduct monetary policy are:
Changing the interest rate paid on excess reserves. The central bank pays interest on the excess reserves held by commercial banks.Buying and selling government bonds from/to private banks. The central bank buys or sells government securities (bonds) in the open market to influence the money supply. Lending directly to banks at the discount rate. The discount rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks can borrow funds directly from the central bank. Option (A), (B) ,(E) is the correct answer.2. According to the quantity equation of money (MV = PQ), where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and Q represents real output, we can analyze the effects of an expansionary monetary policy. Therefore option (A) is correct answer.
Regarding the quantity equation of money (MV = PQ), an expansionary monetary policy that increases the money supply would have the following effects in the long run:
Price level increases by a proportionate amount to the increase in the money supply.
Real output (Q) is determined by factors such as technology, labor, and capital, and it is not directly affected by changes in the money supply. Therefore, the growth rate of output will not necessarily be close to the growth rate of the money supply.
The growth rate of prices will not be close to 0% as the increase in the money supply leads to inflationary pressures. Price level increases by about 8%. Option (A) is correct answer.
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Which sentence uses numbers correctly?
A. Musashi is leaving work at 4 o’clock today to go to a doctor’s appointment.
B. Musashi is leaving work at 4:00 o’clock today to go to a doctor’s appointment.
C. Musashi is leaving work at four-o-clock today to go to a doctor’s appointment
The sentence that uses numbers correctly is:
B. Musashi is leaving work at 4:00 o’clock today to go to a doctor’s appointment.
In this sentence, the number "4" is written as a numeral, indicating the hour. The colon (:) is used to separate the hour and minutes, and the additional "o'clock" after the numeral "4" is not necessary. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.
Option A includes the numeral "4" but adds the unnecessary "o'clock" after it. The correct way to represent the time would be "4 o’clock" without the additional "o'clock."
Option C, "four-o-clock," uses the spelled-out form of the number "four" instead of the numeral "4." While spelling out numbers is acceptable in certain contexts, when indicating time, it is more common and appropriate to use numerals.
Therefore, the correct sentence that uses numbers correctly is option B: "Musashi is leaving work at 4:00 o’clock today to go to a doctor’s appointment."
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eBook Print References Below are certain events that took place at Hazzard, Inc., last year: a. Collected cash from customers. b. Paid cash to repurchase its own stock. c. Borrowed money from a creditor. d. Paid suppliers for inventory purchases. e. Repaid the principal amount of a debt. f. Paid interest to lenders. g. Paid a cash dividend to stockholders. h. Sold common stock. 1. Loaned money to another entity. J. Paid taxes to the government. k. Pald wages and salaries to employees. 1. Purchased equipment with cash. m. Paid bills to insurers and utility providers. Required: Indicate how each of the transaction would be classified on a statement of cash flows. Place an X in the Operating, Investing, or Financing column as appropriate. Transaction a. Collected cash from customers b. Paid cash to repurchase its own stock c. Borrowed money from a creditor d. Paid suppliers for inventory purchases e. Repaid the principal amount of a debt f. Paid interest to lenders g. Paid a cash dividend to stockholders h. Sold common stock i. Loaned money to another entity j. Paid taxes to the government k. Paid wages and salaries to employees 1. Purchased equipment with cash m. Paid bills to insurers and utility providers Activity Operating Investing Financing
Operating activities: a, d, f, j, k, m
Investing activities: i, l
Financing activities: b, c, e, g, h
Classifications of the transactionsHere's the classification of each transaction on a statement of cash flows:
a. Received payment from customers: Operating
b. It paid cash to buy back its own stock: financing
c. Borrowed money from a creditor: Financing
d. Paid suppliers for inventory purchases: Operating
e. Repaid a debt's principal: Financing
f. Paid interest to lenders: Operating
g. Distributed a cash dividend to stockholders: financing
h. Sold common stock: financing Financing
i. Loaned money to another entity: Investing
j. Paid government taxes:
k. Wages and salaries paid to employees:
l. Purchased equipment with cash: Investing
m. Insurance and utility bills paid: Operating
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Solbridge Venture, Inc. has developed software tools that help hotel chains solve application integration problems. Solbridge’s Application Integration Server (AIS) provides a two-way interface between central reservations systems (CRS) and property management systems (PMS). At least two important trends in the hotel industry are relevant. First, hotels are shifting away from the manual booking of room reservations and electronic bookings will continue to increase as more bookings are made over the Internet. Second, competitive pressures are forcing hotels to implement yield management programs and to increase customer service. By integrating the CRS and PMS through Solbridge’s AIS, inventories can be better managed, yields improved, and customer service enhanced.
All reservation traffic is routed from the CRS to individual hotel properties. This allows Solbridge Venture to create a database that can be used to track customers and to facilitate marketing programs, such as frequent stay or VIP programs, as a way of increasing customer satisfaction. Solbridge forecasts application integration expenditures in the hospitality industry exceeding $1 billion by 2016.
Bruce Willis founded Solbridge Venture in 2010 and developed the firm’s middleware software and hospitality applications. He has twelve years of systems applications experience and currently is Solbridge’s Chief Technology Officer. Matt Daemon joined Solbridge in early 2013 as President and CEO. Prior to that time, he worked in sales and marketing in the software industry for more than twenty years.
Solbridge Venture’ AIS software development which began in 2010 went through several design changes in 2011. The first product was sold and installed in 2012. Sales were only $500,000 in 2012. However, now that the firm has dependable market-tested AIS products ready to be shipped, revenues are expected to reach $20.8 million in 2016.
Bruce Willis founded Solbridge Venture with $50,000 of his own savings plus $50,000 from friends. Two private investors provided an additional $200,000 in 2011. In addition, $1 million was obtained from a venture capital firm, Katile Capital Partners, in early 2013 in exchange for an equity position in Solbridge. The firm currently is seeking an additional $5 million to finance sales growth.
A. Describe how Solbridge Venture’ AIS software is to help hotels improve customer satisfaction.
B. Describe the life cycle stages that Solbridge Venture has progressed through to date.
C. What types of venture financing have been obtained, or are being sought, by Solbridge?
D. If internal sales growth projections are revised downward after the current financing round, what, if any, disclosure to stakeholders (investors, employees, customers, etc.) should occur? Why?
Solbridge Venture's AIS software offers various benefits to hotels in improving customer satisfaction. It enables the creation of a database for tracking customers and implementing marketing programs like frequent stay or VIP programs to enhance satisfaction.
Additionally, integrating the Central Reservations Systems (CRS) and Property Management Systems (PMS) through Solbridge's AIS allows for better inventory management, improved yields, and enhanced customer service.
The software also facilitates a two-way interface between CRS and PMS, simplifying reservation and booking management for hotels.
Solbridge Venture has progressed through several life cycle stages.
It started with the Founding Stage in 2010 when Bruce Willis established the company with personal savings and funding from friends.
In the Seed Financing Stage in 2011, two private investors provided an additional $200,000.
The Startup Stage began in 2012 with the first product sale and installation, generating $500,000 in sales that year. During the Growth Stage from 2013 to 2016, the company secured $1 million in venture capital funding and projected revenues of $20.8 million in 2016. It is currently seeking an additional $5 million for sales growth financing.
Solbridge Venture has obtained venture financing through seed financing from private investors in 2011 and venture capital funding of $1 million from Katile Capital Partners in 2013.
The company is currently in the process of seeking an additional $5 million in venture capital financing to support its sales growth.
In the event that internal sales growth projections are revised downward following the current financing round, it is essential for Solbridge Venture to disclose this information to stakeholders.
Stakeholders, including investors, employees, and customers, have the right to be informed if the company fails to meet its projected sales growth targets, especially after raising funds from investors.
Failure to disclose such information can undermine stakeholder confidence and harm the company's reputation.
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A firm has preferred stock that pays an 8 percent dividend on a $75 par value. If a new issue is offered, flotation costs will be 3 percent of the current market price of $80. The firm's marginal tax rate is 35 percent. What is the firm's cost of preferred stock financing? a. 8.0% b. 7.7% c. 6.7% d. 5.0% e. 74%
The firm's cost of preferred stock financing is approximately 5.55%, which is closest to option d) 5.0%.
To calculate the firm's cost of preferred stock financing, we need to consider the dividend payment, flotation costs, and the tax rate.
The dividend payment on the preferred stock is 8% of the $75 par value, which is $75 * 0.08 = $6 per share.
The flotation costs are 3% of the current market price of $80, which is $80 * 0.03 = $2.40 per share.
Since the flotation costs are tax-deductible, we need to adjust the cost by the tax rate. The after-tax flotation costs are $2.40 * (1 - 0.35) = $1.56 per share.
The net cost of preferred stock financing is the dividend payment minus the after-tax flotation costs, which is $6 - $1.56 = $4.44 per share.
To calculate the percentage cost, we divide the net cost by the market price and multiply by 100: ($4.44 / $80) * 100 = 5.55%.
Therefore, the firm's cost of preferred stock financing is approximately 5.55%, which is closest to option d) 5.0%.
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in a small country, the adult population equals 500. there are 400 people in the labor force and 300 people are employed. the labor force participation rate equals
The labor force participation rate in the small country is 80%. This is calculated by dividing the labor force (400) by the adult population (500) and multiplying the result by 100.
The labor force participation rate is a measure of the proportion of the working-age population that is actively participating in the labor force. In this case, the labor force consists of 400 people, which is the total number of individuals either employed or actively seeking employment. The adult population is 500, representing the total number of adults in the country. To calculate the labor force participation rate, we divide the labor force by the adult population (400/500) and multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage. Therefore, the labor force participation rate in this small country is 80%.
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On January 1, 2017, Beyonce Company leased a music studio from Simon company on a 5-year lease term at P150,000 annual rental payable in advance. Simon offered Beyonce the option to purchase the asset at a bargain price of P200,000 at the end of the lease contract. The estimated economic life of the asset is 15 years, and its estimated residual value is P4,000. the interest implicit in the lease is 12%. (Please round off present value factors to 4 decimal places.) At the end of the lease term, Beyonce did not purchase the right of use asset. How much loss on failure to exercise the bargain purchase option is to be reported by Beyonce in its 2021 financial statement?
Present value of lease payments was already calculated above and it is P540,720 and loss is P342,989.60.
The first step in solving the problem is to calculate the present value of the lease payments. To determine the present value of the lease payments, the following formula is used:
PV (present value) = Annuity factor * Rental payment
PV = Annuity factor * P150,000
Calculate the annuity factor:
Annuity factor = PV of annuity due of 1 for n = 5 at 12%
Annuity factor = 3.6048 (to 4 decimal places)
Then, calculate the present value of the lease payments for 5 years:
P = 3.6048 * P150,000
P = P540,720
Since Beyonce did not purchase the asset at the end of the lease term, they lost the opportunity to acquire it at a bargain price of P200,000.
Thus, they incurred a loss on failure to exercise the bargain purchase option. The loss is calculated as follows:
Loss = Fair value - Option priceFair value = PV of the asset's cash flows
Fair value = Present value of lease payments + present value of residual value
Present value of residual value = FVIF at 12%, 5 years * Residual value
Present value of residual value = 0.5674 * P4,000
Present value of residual value = P2,269.60
Present value of lease payments was already calculated above and it is P540,720So,
Fair value = P540,720 + P2,269.60
Fair value = P542,989.60
Loss = P542,989.60 - P200,000
Loss = P342,989.60
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Milo Company manufactures beach umbrellas. The company is preparing detailed budgets for the third quarter and has assembled the following information to assist in the budget preparation:
The Marketing Department has estimated sales as follows for the remainder of the year (in units):
July 36,500 October 26,500
August 83,000 November 13,000
September 52,000 December 13,500
The selling price of the beach umbrellas is $10 per unit.
All sales are on account. Based on past experience, sales are collected in the following pattern:
30% in the month of sale
65% in the month following sale
5% uncollectible
Sales for June totaled $320,000.
The company maintains finished goods inventories equal to 15% of the following month’s sales. This requirement will be met at the end of June.
Each beach umbrella requires 4 feet of Gilden, a material that is sometimes hard to acquire. Therefore, the company requires that the ending inventory of Gilden be equal to 50% of the following month’s production needs. The inventory of Gilden on hand at the beginning and end of the quarter will be:
June 30 86,950 feet
September 30 ? feet
Gilden costs $0.80 per foot. One-half of a month’s purchases of Gilden is paid for in the month of purchase; the remainder is paid for in the following month. The accounts payable on July 1 for purchases of Gilden during June will be $60,920.
Required:
1. Calculate the estimated sales, by month and in total, for the third quarter.
2. Calculate the expected cash collections, by month and in total, for the third quarter.
3. Calculate the estimated quantity of beach umbrellas that need to be produced in July, August, September, and October.
4. Calculate the quantity of Gilden (in feet) that needs to be purchased by month and in total, for the third quarter.
5. Calculate the cost of the raw material (Gilden) purchases by month and in total, for the third quarter.
6. Calculate the expected cash disbursements for raw material (Gilden) purchases, by month and in total, for the third quarter.
Calculate the quantity of Gilden (in feet) that needs to be purchased by month and in total, for the third quarter. Calculate the cost of the raw material (Gilden) purchases by month and in total, for the third quarter. (Round your Unit cost of raw materials to 2 decimal places.)
Calculate the estimated quantity of beach umbrellas that need to be produced in July, August, September, and October.
July August September October
Required production in units 43,475 78,350 48,175 24,475
July August September Quarter
Total units of raw materials to be purchased 253,050
Cost of raw materials to be purchased $202,440
Calculate the expected cash disbursements for raw material (Gilden) purchases, by month and in total, for the third quarter.
July August September Quarter
Total cash disbursements
Estimated sales for the third quarter: July - 36,500 units, August - 83,000 units, September - 52,000 units, October - 26,500 units.
Expected cash collections for the third quarter: July - $109,500, August - $539,500, September - $338,000, October - $172,250.
The Estimated sales for the third quarter:
July: 36,500 units
August: 83,000 units
September: 52,000 units
October: 26,500 units
November: 13,000 units
December: 13,500 units
The Expected cash collections for the third quarter:
July: (36,500 * $10 * 0.3) = $109,500
August: (83,000 * $10 * 0.65) = $539,500
September: (52,000 * $10 * 0.65) = $338,000
October: (26,500 * $10 * 0.65) = $172,250
November: (13,000 * $10 * 0.65) = $84,500
December: (13,500 * $10 * 0.65) = $88,250
The Estimated quantity of beach umbrellas to be produced:
July: 43,475 units
August: 78,350 units
September: 48,175 units
October: 24,475 units
The Quantity of Gilden (in feet) to be purchased for the third quarter:
July: (43,475 * 4) = 173,900 feet
August: (78,350 * 4) = 313,400 feet
September: (48,175 * 4) = 192,700 feet
October: (24,475 * 4) = 97,900 feet
Total: 777,900 feet
The Cost of raw material (Gilden) purchases for the third quarter:
July: (173,900 * $0.80) = $139,120
August: (313,400 * $0.80) = $250,720
September: (192,700 * $0.80) = $154,160
October: (97,900 * $0.80) = $78,320
Total: $622,320
The Expected cash disbursements for raw material (Gilden) purchases:
July: ($139,120 * 0.5) = $69,560
August: ($250,720 * 0.5) = $125,360
September: ($154,160 * 0.5) = $77,080
Total: $272,000
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Finance leases under US GAAP or all leases under IFRS have front-loaded expenses because the interest expense of each period is determined based on the present value of remaining lease liability. As a result, interest expense is higher in earlier years than later years. In contrast, an operating lease under US GAAP has straight-line lease expense (i.e., the same expense for every period).
Comparing the two income statements you completed under US GAAP (Operating Leases) and IFRS, what is the difference in total expenses (before rounding) after five years?
The total expenses under IFRS for leases will be higher than under US GAAP for operating leases after five years.
Under US GAAP for operating leases, the lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis, resulting in the same expense amount for each period. However, under IFRS or US GAAP for finance leases, the interest expense is determined based on the present value of the remaining lease liability, resulting in front-loaded expenses with higher interest expense in earlier years. Over a period of five years, the cumulative interest expense for finance leases will be higher than the expense recognized under US GAAP for operating leases. Therefore, the total expenses under IFRS will be higher than under US GAAP for operating leases after five years.
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which type of real option allows a firm to postpone a project until it can gather more information? a. Investment timing option b. Flexibility option c. Growth option d. Abandonment option
Investment timing option real option allows a firm to postpone a project until it can gather more information. Option A is the correct answer.
The option to invest right away, postpone investment for a while, or refrain from investing altogether is included in the time flexibility. With the timing option, you may make an investment at the ideal time. Option A is the correct answer.
The timing option does, however, also provide the management a reason to time the investment such that he benefits from greater latitude. The ideal investment strategy consists of a series of goal costs, below which investment occurs and beyond which it does not, supposing that investment costs are dispersed independently across time. In comparison to the situation when there is no time option, the timing option lowers ideal cost objectives.
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If Francois spends all of his time cooking, he is able to cook 40 hamburgers or 60 hotdogs an hour. What is his opportunity cost of cooking 1 hamburger? hotdogs What is his opportunity cost of cooking 1 hotdog? hamburgers Question 7 4 pts If Gerta spends all day. her time washing vehicles, she is able to wash 15 cars or 25 motorcycles each What is her opportunity cost of washing 1 car? motorcycles What is her opportunity cost of washing 1 motorcycle? cars
For Francois opportunity cost of cooking 1 hamburger is 1.5 hotdogs and Opportunity cost of cooking 1 hotdog = 0.67 hamburgers, while For Gerta, Opportunity cost of washing 1 car is 1.67 motorcycles and Opportunity cost of washing 1 motorcycle is 0.6 cars.
For Francois:
Opportunity cost of cooking 1 hamburger = Number of hotdogs forgone / Number of hamburgers produced
Opportunity cost of cooking 1 hamburger = 60 hotdogs / 40 hamburgers
Opportunity cost of cooking 1 hamburger = 1.5 hotdogs
Opportunity cost of cooking 1 hotdog = Number of hamburgers forgone / Number of hotdogs produced
Opportunity cost of cooking 1 hotdog = 40 hamburgers / 60 hotdogs
Opportunity cost of cooking 1 hotdog = 0.67 hamburgers
For Gerta:
Opportunity cost of washing 1 car = Number of motorcycles forgone / Number of cars washed
Opportunity cost of washing 1 car = 25 motorcycles / 15 cars
Opportunity cost of washing 1 car = 1.67 motorcycles
Opportunity cost of washing 1 motorcycle = Number of cars forgone / Number of motorcycles washed
Opportunity cost of washing 1 motorcycle = 15 cars / 25 motorcycles
Opportunity cost of washing 1 motorcycle = 0.6 cars
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