Human x and y chromosomes are called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex.
Somatic cells in human females contain two X chromosomes, and all of the somatic cells in human males contain one X and one Y chromosome. Many genes are unique to the Y chromosome, but genes in areas known as pseudo autosomal regions are present on both sex chromosomes.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells out of which one member of each pair is paternal that comes from the father and one maternal that comes from the mother. There are 22 matched pairs of autosomal chromosomes, plus one pair of sex chromosomes X and Y.
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student observed that the seeds of peas in the same pod were of different sizes.he wondered if all the seeds in the same pod would grow at the same rate.help the student to plan and design an experiment to find out about the growth of peas from same pod.
The student can design the experiment to measure the growth rate of the seed as follows:
place the seeds in different potted plants containing the same type of soilprovide the same amount of water, nutrients, and sunlight exposure timemeasure the growth of each plant at the same time intervalHow can the rate of growth of seeds be measured?The rate of growth of seeds can be measured by taking measurements of the increase in length of the shoots of the seed over a specified period of time.
This increase can be measured using a meter rule or measuring tape.
Mathematically;
Growth rate = increase in length / time taken (in days)
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Phycobiliproteins are a complex of accessory pigments and proteins found in cyanobacteria but not in green algae. A researcher claims that the phycobiliprotein pigments in cyanobacteria allow the cyanobacteria to survive in certain aquatic niches better than green algae can.
The phycobiliprotein pigments in cyanobacteria allow them to survive in certain aquatic niches better than green algae can because: (4)The additional pigments absorb light at wavelengths that green algae cannot absorb; this may allow cyanobacteria to capture more light energy for photosynthesis than green algae can in certain areas.
Phycobiliprotein are the water-soluble proteins found in the cyanobacteria nd some species of algae. They are the accessory pigment that absorb the sunlight energy and then transfer it to the chlorophyll. Phycobiliproteins are unique because they have broad absorption in the visible light spectrum.
Cyanobacteria are the photosynthetic bacteria, which are also called the blue-green algae. They belong to the category os Gram-negative bacteria.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Phycobiliproteins are a complex of accessory pigments and proteins found in cyanobacteria but not in green algae. A researcher claims that the phycobiliprotein pigments in cyanobacteria allow the cyanobacteria to survive in certain aquatic niches better than green algae can.
Which of the following statements best justifies the researcher’s claim?
The additional pigments allow the cyanobacteria to store light energy so that it can be used at night to continue photosynthesis.The additional pigments block light and prevent it from reaching photosynthetic organisms at greater depths, so no photosynthetic organisms can live below the surface waters containing cyanobacteria.The additional pigments require energy and cellular resources to produce, so they can be used as an energy source during times of insufficient light.The additional pigments absorb light at wavelengths that green algae cannot absorb; this may allow cyanobacteria to capture more light energy for photosynthesis than green algae can in certain areas.To know more about cyanobacteria, here
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The graph on the right is the blood oxygen graph. Using that and your knowledge of cellular respiration and the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide, what can you say about the rate of carbon dioxide production when you exercise?(did it increase or decrease? Did it stay the same? Did it change quickly? Did it change very slowly?)why do you think this happens? Please help me
The rate of carbon dioxide production increases when you exercise because of the process of cellular respiration.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process in which glucose combines with oxygen forming waste products such as carbon dioxide and water along with the energy in the form of ATP molecules which are used by the cell. We know that cell is the structural and functional unit of life and every cell requires energy to perform its activities. Respiration takes place at the smallest level of our body i.e. at the cellular level. Respiration is the opposite process of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, food is produced from the combination of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light.
So we can conclude that due to the process of cellular respiration, the rate of carbon dioxide production increases when you exercise.
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Which statement is supported by the student's observations?
O The cell wall becomes permeable in an aqueous environment.
O The cell wall allows only water to be transported in and out of cells.
O The cell membrane restricts the movement of substances into the cell.
O The cell membrane allows the selective transport of substances in and out of cells
Answer: The cell membrane allows the selective transport of substances in and out of cells
Explanation:
1. if humans are responsible for environmental changes that cause increases in the populations of native species, under what conditions should we work to reverse these population increases?
Humans can reverse population increases through a species' food supply, culling, administering contraceptives, and a healthier living.
By reducing the number of unwanted children and implementing family planning programs that provide access to contraception, good sex education programs and family planning initiatives improve the lives of family members by enabling them to make the most of their resources and stay out of situations where they face poverty, hunger, or disease.
In addition, smaller families are also a result of lower child mortality brought on by better access to healthcare and economic opportunities. Global justice, ethical trade, and international assistance are all tools for reducing the world's population to levels that can be sustained. In this way, humans can control population and reverse environmental changes that they have caused.
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Gregor Mendel contributed to genetic theory by concluding all of the following except?
A.
alleles for each gene usually segregate independently of each other.
B.
alleles may be dominant or recessive.
C.
each adult has six copies of each gene.
D.
inheritance is determined by genes.
Answer:b
Explanation:it is not right
Earth experienced a ‘global warming’ event 55 million years ago. What is the likely cause of the final, dramatic pulse of warming during this time?.
The cause of the last dramatic pulse of warming so far has been the greenhouse effect.
How do the greenhouse effect and global warming occur?The process of greenhouse effect occurs when solar radiation hits the earth's atmosphere. The heat radiation reflected by the earth will be blocked so that the heat is trapped in the earth. The process of trapping heat, then causes the earth's temperature to increase.
The greenhouse effect is caused by the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) and other gases in the atmosphere. The increasing concentration of CO₂ gas is due to the large use of fuel oil, coal, and other organic fuels which exceed the ability of plants and the sea to absorb them.
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How does the water cycle affect the world's oceans and marine life?
Answer:
Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean, mostly in warm, cloud-free subtropical seas. This cools the surface of the ocean, and the large amount of heat absorbed the ocean partially buffers the greenhouse effect from increasing carbon dioxide and other gases.
the evolution of photosynthesizing organisms on earth and the development of an oxygen-rich environment led to a rapid diversification of life. explain why there is an evolutionary advantage to an organism that requires oxygen to live compared to one that does not require oxygen.
A quick diversity of life was triggered by the emergence of an oxygen-rich environment. Much more energy can be produced by them.
What is an example of an organism?A living item is considered an organism if it has an organised approach, can respond to stimuli, reproduces, grows, adapts, and maintains homeostasis. So every living thing on Earth that is an animal, plant, mushroom, protist, microbe, or archaeon qualifies as an organism.
Is the human body a living thing?A live item is understood to be an organism. The definition of a living entity is consequently anything that has cells as its fundamental unit of organization and is capable of sustaining life. Various types of living things include: Humans.
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a gene’s product is always a protein.
a. true
b. false
Answer:b. false
Explanation:
as dna replication continues and the replication bubble expands, the parental double helix is unwound and separated into its two component strands. this unwinding and separating of the dna requires three different types of proteins: helicase, topoisomerase, and single-strand binding proteins.
The helicase binds at the replication fork by breaking the H-bonds between the bases. The topoisomerase binds ahead of the replication fork, breaks covalent bonds in DNA backbone. And the single-strand binding proteins bind after the replication fork, prevents H-bonds between bases.
The replication fork is the region of DNA where the DNA unwinds so as to make the replication of DNA possible. Two replications forks are formed one on each side when the DNA is in unwound state. Replication fork is Y-shaped structure.
Topoisomerase is the enzyme required for relaxation of the supercoiling of DNA during its formation of the replication fork.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
As DNA replication continues and the replication bubble expands, the parental double helix is unwound and separated into its two component strands. This unwinding and separating of the DNA requires three different types of proteins: helicase, topoisomerase, and single-strand binding proteins. Write down the site of binding of the three proteins.
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creation of an opening between the skin and kidney to drain urine to an external receptacle when ureters are unable to do so is called
The creation of an opening between the skin and kidney to drain urine to an external receptacle when ureters are unable to do so is called nephrostomy.
What is nephrostomy?The kidneys аre mаde up by three externаl lаyers, which include the renаl fаsciа (the outermost lаyer), the perirenаl fаt cаpsule, аnd lаstly, the innermost lаyer, the renаl cаpsule, which then surround the spаce of the renаl cortex.
А nephrostomy is аn opening between the kidney аnd the skin. А nephrostomy tube is а thin plаstic tube thаt is pаssed from the bаck, through the skin аnd then through the kidney, to the point where the urine collects. Its job is to temporаrily drаin the urine thаt is blocked. This аllows the kidney to function properly аnd protects it from further dаmаge. It аlso helps cleаr аny infection.
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Through which process do producers
make food?
A. decomposition
B. photosynthesis
C. fertilization
D. cropping
Answer:
B. photosynthesis
Explanation:
Plants are producers, they make their own food by way of photosynthesis and supply the rest of the food web with food after being eaten. Given that they are producers, they make food, and they do so through photosynthesis, the answer is B.
select the cell types that are actively phagocytic. most phagocytes are types of white blood cells, but not all white blood cells participate in this process.select the cell types that are actively phagocytic. eosinophil erythrocyte dendritic cell b lymphocyte t lymphocyte neutrophil macrophage basophil
White blood cells make up the majority of phagocytes, although not all white blood cells take part in this process.
What cells are actively phagocytic?The most efficient phagocytic cells in humans and other animals are two different types of white blood cells called neutrophils and macrophages (giant phagocytic cells) (a type of granulocyte).They play a significant role in the innate immune system. Monocytes and macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells are the three primary types of phagocytes, and each has a unique role to play in the body.A specific kind of immune cell that can encircle and eliminate bacteria, consume foreign objects, and eliminate dead cells. It may also strengthen immunological reactions. Phagocytes include monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.To Learn more About phagocytes refer to:
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the names of the muscles can indicate all of the following except group of answer choices structural characteristics of the muscle action of the muscle the region of the body where the muscle is located fat content of the muscle the direction of the muscle relative to the long axis of the body
Fat content muscle is the muscle that is positioned in relation to the long axis of the body.
Which three names do muscles go by?There are several ways to name muscles, including based on their shape, size in relation to nearby muscles, position within the body or where they attach to the skeleton, number of sources, or function.
What names do muscles go by?Numerous physical characteristics, such as the number of heads a muscle possesses, or the muscle's real physical shape are frequently the source of a muscle's name. Examples: Back muscle with rhomboid shape known as the rhomboideus. Face muscle that has a triangular shape is called the triangularis.
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what is the study of the placement of setae on the fly called what is the study of the placement of setae on the fly called arbovirology chaeototaxy taxonomy culicidology
The study of the placement of setae on the fly is called : Chaetotaxy.
What do you understand by chaetotaxy?Arrangement of bristles or macrochaetae on an arthropod or annelid, or taxonomy based on the position and size is called chaetotaxy.
The chaetotaxy of a fly include :- acrostichal, dorsocentral, humeral, mesopleural, scutellar bristles on the thorax; dorsal, anteroventral bristles on the legs and ocellar, orbital,outer vertical and inner vertical bristles on the head.
Flies belong to the order Diptera and they have two, membranous forewings and vestigial hind wings that are reduced to knobs called halteres that helps the insect in balancing. They have mouthparts that can be adapted for piercing, lapping or sponging.
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Which molecule is critical for getting the maximum energy yield per molecule of glucose from cellular respiration?.
Answer: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate): Adenosine triphosphate
Explanation: The major energy currency of the cell. ATP is a high-energy molecule that stores and transports energy within cells. NADH: High energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.
a chromosome has undergone a translocation mutation that has completely deleted its centromere region, preventing association with spindle fibers. what will be the fate of this cell?
The centromere region of a chromosome has been totally destroyed by a translocation, prohibiting interaction with spindle fibres.
A single chromosome becomes two after DNA replication when it has experienced?A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has undergone replication ahead of cell division. The two "sister" chromatids are connected at the centromere, a constricted region of the chromosome.
A crossing over in meiosis is when genetic material is exchanged between cells?When it comes to genetics and genomics, the term "crossing over" describes the DNA exchange that takes place between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) during the formation of egg and sperm cells (meiosis).
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As part of his voyage on the beagle, darwin spent about 5 weeks off the coast of ecuador making observations on the?.
As part of his voyage on the beagle, darwin spent about five weeks off the coast of Ecuador making observations at the Galapagos Islands.
Charles Darwin read and turned into a great deal inspired by, Lyell's standards of Geology even aboard HMS Beagle. This frontispiece photo illustrates the main point of the ebook: that proof of the forces of geological exchange that have been shaping Earth for millennia is observable these days.
Darwin's observations that brought about his idea of herbal selection are Overproduction - all species will produce more offspring than will live on to maturity. variant - there are variations between contributors of identical species. adaptation traits that grow suitability to a species' environment will be exceeded.
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based on the passage, which metabolic pathways are upregulated during the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine environment? a glycogenesis followed by glycogenolysis b glycogenolysis followed by gluconeogenesis c gluconeogenesis followed by glycogenolysis d gluconeogenesis followed by glycogenesis
The initial source of energy replenishment is from hepatic glycogen, which indicates elevation of glycogen breakdown, hence the answer to the question is B. (glycogenolysis).
What is glycogenolysis simple explanation?
The biochemical process by which glucose-1-phosphate and glucose are generated from glycogen is known as glycogenolysis. Hepatocytes and myocytes are where the reaction occurs. Two important enzymes—phosphorylase kinase and glycogen phosphorylase—control the process.
What is a perfect demonstration of a glycogenolysis?
Glycogenolysis is faulty in a number of rare inherited diseases that cause glycogen accumulation. For instance, glycogen phosphorylase is deficient in McArdle illness, which hinders glycogen breakdown and restricts muscles from supplying the energy needed for exercise.
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If you wanted to define an individual by its observable traits, you would be describing the _________ of that individual.
Answer:
Phenotype
Explanation:
Phenotypes are the observable traits of a person. Examples of this include eye color, blood type, height, skin color etc.
So if you wanted to define an individual by their observable traits, you would be describing the phenotype of the person.
Imagine other traits that could have been received from parents: maybe one parent has brown hair and the other has blond hair, but the child has brown hair. Explain to the best of your abilities why a certain hair color or other traits may come from parents, but other traits may not be exhibited.
A person may have a gene for brown hair and a gene for blond hair. He would give one of those traits to his child.
Each of two parent transfer two alleles for hair color. Blonde hair is a recessive gene and brown hair is a dominant gene.
Even though the gene passed down from parents to child determine hair color, variations in alleles can result in different hair color than both parents. In Human DNA has millions of on and off switches and networks that control how genes function. Genes responsible for hair color come from both parents.
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I'm trying to come up with a science fair project surrounding the bubonic plague and autoimmune diseases per some of the new research that's come out. What could be some potential draft titles/angles at which I could approach a project relating to this? Thank you!
Potential draft titles/angles at which I could approach a project relating to this that plague has been caused by the bacillus form of bacterium called Yersina pestis. The bacterium found mainly in rodents and their fleas. This bacteria transmitted through the bite of infected fleas and rodents.
In which year serious outbreak of plague takes place?
In various parts of the world this plague bacterium still exists as reported in 2003 in Africa killing 180 people. The last reported serious outbreak of this plague was in 2006 in Congo, when at least 50 people died. In recent years, the United States, China, India, Vietnam, and Mongolia have confirmed human plague cases. The bacterium found mainly in rodents and their fleas. This bacteria transmitted through the bite of infected fleas and rodents.
Therefore, Potential draft titles/angles at which I could approach a project relating to this that plague has been caused by the bacillus form of bacterium called Yersina pestis. The bacterium found mainly in rodents and their fleas. This bacteria transmitted through the bite of infected fleas and rodents.
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How do legumes plants help to reduce green house gases in the environment ?
Legumes such as peas, beans, soybeans, clover, and alfalfa can thus help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide as well as nitrous oxide in comparing to nitrogen-fertilized crops. Reduced use of fossil energy in food and feed production.
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases (also known as GHGs) are gases that trap heat in the earth's atmosphere.
The sun shines through the atmosphere during the day, warming the earth's surface. The earth's surface cools at night, releasing heat back into the atmosphere.
In comparison to nitrogen-fertilized crops, legumes such as peas, beans, soybeans, clover, and alfalfa can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Reduced reliance on fossil fuels in food and feed production.
Thus, this way, legumes plants help to reduce green house gases in the environment.
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on this graph, the black curve represents actual temperature measurements, the red curve represents models of the climate that include human emissions of greenhouse gases, and the blue curve represents models of the climate that include only natural factors but do not include human emissions of greenhouse gases. what is the key message that can be read from this graph?
Presents actual temperature measurements, the red curve represents models of the climate that include human emissions of greenhouse gases, and the blue curve represents models of the climate that include only natural factors but not include human emissions of greenhouse gases Venus.
Human sports are accountable for almost all the growth in greenhouse gases inside the environment over the last hundred and fifty years. the largest supply of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities within the united states of America is from burning fossil fuels for energy, warmth, and transportation.
Most human-made air pollutants come from burning fossil fuels for transportation, power, and industry. not unusual pollution produced via engines that burn fossil fuels is carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, risky organic compounds (VOCs), and particulates.
The arena is increasingly more controlled in a way that maximizes the drift of cloth from nature, to meet growing human demands for sources like meals, strength, and wood. As a result, human beings have at once altered a minimum of 70% of Earth's land, particularly for growing flora and keeping animals.
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(HELP QUICK !!!!).
What type of results in genetic expression do you think may occur if even one nucleotide is not correctly transcribed from the DNA to the RNA? explain your answer.
If one nucleotide is the incorrect one that means that it is a transition or a transversion. Transition or transversion mutants may lead to no change in the protein sequence (known as silent mutations), change the amino acid sequence (known as missense mutations), or create what is known as a stop codon (known as a nonsense mutation). Genetic expression may remain the same if the mutation does not occur in the promoter region however a pre-mature stop codon would cause a truncated protein to be created.
What do you mean by genetic expression?Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect.
Moreover, some simple examples of where gene expression is important are: Control of insulin expression so it gives a signal for blood glucose regulation.
Therefore, gene expression is primarily controlled at the level of transcription, largely as a result of binding of proteins to specific sites on DNA.
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. which parable describes the problem of wild animals that are hunted to the point of extinction? a. coase theorem b. tragedy of the commons c. cost-benefit analysis d. clean air act
The perimeter that describes the problem of wild animals that are hunted to the point of extinction is option B: tragedy of the Commons.
The tragedy of the commons is a philosophical idea that emphasizes the tension between individual and group rationality. Natural resources, such as water and biodiversity, are vulnerable to overexploitation when people use them for their own personal gain without taking society as a whole into account. This is further threatening the wild life to extinction due to the limitation of common resources.
In both economics and environmental science, it is problematic when people use a shared resource for their own benefit at the expense of others, known as the tragedy of the commons. This may lead to excessive consumption, underinvestment, and resource depletion.
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A ______ is synthesized from cholesterol and can diffuse across the plasma membrane.
A steroid hormones is synthesized from cholesterol and can diffuse across the plasma membrane.
Due to the fact that steroid hormones were made of cholesterol, they can easily diffuse past the lipid bilayer on the cell membrane to enter the cytoplasmic receptor.
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, as well as sex hormones are all subclasses of steroid hormones that are derived from cholesterol. The placenta, reproductive organs (estrogens as well as progestins), testicles (testosterone), as well as adrenal cortex all undergo synthesis (cortisol, aldosterone, as well as androgens)
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The external brain structure found between the pre-central gyrus and the post-central gyrus is the.
Central sulcus is the brain structure that is found between the pre-central gyrus and the post-central gyrus.
Central sulcus is considered to be the prominent landmark on the brain that acts as a barrier between the parietal lobe and the frontal lobe, as well as primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex. Sulcus is actually a groove in the brain surface.
Gyrus is the ridge or the surface convolution on the brain surface. The pre-central gyrus at the frontal lobe controls voluntary motor movement on the body's contralateral side. The post-central gyrus is located at the parietal lobe and is responsible for proprioception.
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Label the four extant classes of arthropods and match the appropriate characteristics to each group Mouthparts are pincers or fangs Mandibular mouthparts and a body consisting of a head followed by numerous similar segments Myriapoda Hexapoda Mandibular mouthparts and a body consisting of three unique regions Crustacea Chelicerata Mandibular mouthparts with biramous appendages TABLE 34.1 Class Major Groups of the Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics
Four classes of arthropods and their characteristics:
Chelicerata - Mouthparts are pincers or fangsCrustacea - Mandibular mouthparts with biramous appendagesHexapoda - Mandibular mouthparts and a body consisting of three unique regionsMyriapoda - Mandibular mouthparts and a body consisting of a head followed by numerous similar segmentsThe general characteristic of arthropods is a body that has segments with a pair of legs on each body segment. The sections are grouped into two or three rather distinct areas. Arthropod body shape is bilateral symmetry. The exoskeleton of a chitinous arthropod sheds and renews periodically. Arthropods have an open circulatory system. Arthropod blood vessels are tubular, located dorsal to the alimentary canal with lateral openings in the abdominal region.
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