Answer:
Both ionic bonds and covalent bonds (coordinate and non-coordinate) are present in crystalline [tex]\rm CuSO_4\cdot 5\, H_2O[/tex].
Explanation:
[tex]\rm CuSO_4\cdot 5\, H_2O[/tex] can be formed by adding water to the anhydrous salt [tex]\rm CuSO_4[/tex].
[tex]\rm CuSO_4[/tex] itself is an ionic compound consisting of [tex]\rm Cu^{2+}[/tex] ions and [tex]\rm {SO_4}^{2-}[/tex] ions. Ionic bonds are present between these ions. However, within each sulfate [tex]\rm {SO_4}^{2-}[/tex] ion, covalent bonds connect the central sulfur atom to each of the oxygen atoms.
Water molecules [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex] are highly polar. Partial negative charges surround the oxygen atom in each water molecule.
When water is added to anhydrous [tex]\rm CuSO_4[/tex], the negatively-charged portion of these [tex]\rm H_2O\![/tex] molecules would be attracted to the positively-charged [tex]\rm Cu^{2+}[/tex] ions in [tex]\rm CuSO_4\![/tex].
Lone pairs on oxygen atoms in [tex]\rm H_2O\!\![/tex] would form coordinate covalent bonds with [tex]\rm Cu^{2+}\![/tex] ions. (These bonds are considered "coordinate" because both electrons in each of these bonds come from the oxygen atom, not the [tex]\rm Cu^{2+}[/tex] ion.) That would produce coordination complexes with one [tex]\rm Cu^{2+}\!\![/tex] ion and five [tex]\rm H_2O\!\!\![/tex] "ligands" each.
Because the [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex] ligands carry no electric charge, each of these complexes would also carry a charge of [tex](+2)[/tex] (same as the charge on one [tex]\rm Cu^{2+}\!\![/tex] ion.) Ionic bonds would be present between the positively-charged coordination complexes and the negatively-charged [tex]\rm {SO_4}^{2-}[/tex] ions.
Summary:
Covalent bonds are present within [tex]\rm {SO_4}^{2-}[/tex] ions and [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex] ligands.Coordinate covalent bonds are present between [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex] ligands and [tex]\rm Cu^{2+}[/tex] ions.Ionic bonds are present between [tex]\rm {[Cu\, (H_2O)_5]}^{2+}[/tex] coordination complexes and sulfate ions [tex]\rm {SO_4}^{2-}[/tex].An electrochemical cell has an Eocell of 1.50 V and transfers 1 mole of electrons. The Faraday constant is 96,485 C/mol e-.
What is the value of delta G?
Answer:
ΔG° = -1.45 × 10⁵ J
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Standard cell potential (E°cell): 1.50 VMoles of electrons transferred (n): 1 mol e⁻Faraday constant (F): 96,485 C/mol e⁻Step 2: Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°)
We will use the following expression.
ΔG° = -n × F × E°cell
ΔG° = -1 mol e⁻ × 96,485 C/mol e⁻ × 1.50 V
ΔG° = -1.45 × 10⁵ J
By apply Gibbs's free energy, the value of delta G is equal to -144727.5 Joules.
Given the following data:
Faraday constant = 96,485 C/mol e-[tex]E^{ \circ}_{cell}[/tex] = 1.50 VoltsNumber of moles of electrons = 1 molTo determine the value of delta G, we would apply Gibbs's free energy:
Mathematically, Gibbs's free energy is given by the formula:
[tex]\Delta G^\circ = -nFE^{ \circ}_{cell}[/tex]
Where:
F is Faraday constant.n is the number of moles.[tex]E^{ \circ}_{cell}[/tex] is the electromotive force.Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]\Delta G^\circ = -1 \times 96485 \times 1.50[/tex]
[tex]\Delta G^\circ = -144727.5[/tex]
Delta G = -144727.5 Joules
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Aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide are mixed together, forming solid calcium hydroxide and aqueous sodium chloride. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Phases are optional.
Answer:
CaCl₂ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
Explanation:
The equation for the reaction is given below:
CaCl₂ (aq) + NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + NaCl (aq)
The above equation can be balance by as follow:
CaCl₂ (aq) + NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + NaCl (aq)
There are 2 atoms of Cl on the left side and 1 atom on the right side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front NaCl as shown below:
CaCl₂ (aq) + NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
There are 2 atoms of Na on the right side and 1 atom on the left side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of NaOH as shown below:
CaCl₂ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
Now, the equation is balanced.
An insulated container is used to hold 47.0 g of water at 23.5°C. A sample of copper weighing 10.3 g is placed in a dry test tube and
heated for 30 minutes in a boiling water bath at 100.0°C. The heated test tube is carefully removed from the water bath with laboratory
tongs and inclined so that the copper slides into the water in the insulated container. Given that the specific heat of solid copper is
0.385 J/(g.°C), calculate the maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container after the copper metal is added.
Answer:
[tex]T_f=25.0\°C[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello.
In this case, considering that the sample of hot copper is submerged into the water and the container is isolated, the heat lost by the copper is gained by the water so we can write:
[tex]Q_{Cu}=-Q_w[/tex]
In terms of mass, specific heat and temperature we write:
[tex]m_{Cu}C_{Cu}(T_f-T_{Cu})=-m_wC_w(T_f-T_w)[/tex]
Whereas the final temperature is the same for both copper and water because they are in contact until thermal equilibrium is reached. In such a way, the required maximum temperature no more than the equilibrium temperature and is computed as shown below:
[tex]T_f=\frac{m_{Cu}C_{Cu}T_{Cu}+m_wC_wT_w}{m_{Cu}C_{Cu}+m_wC_w}[/tex]
Thus, plugging the given data in the formula, we obtain:
[tex]T_f=\frac{10.3g*0.385\frac{J}{g\°C}*100\°C +47.0g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C}*23.5\°C }{10.3g*0.385\frac{J}{g\°C}+47.0g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C}}\\\\T_f=25.0\°C[/tex]
Which is a small change considering the initial one, because the mass of water is greater than the mass of copper as well as for the specific heats.
Best regards!
The maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container after the copper metal is added is 25 °C
From the question given above above, the following data were obtained:
Mass of water (Mᵥᵥ) = 47 g
Temperature of water (Tᵥᵥ) = 23.5°C
Specific heat capacity of water (Cᵥᵥ) = 4.184 J/gºC
Mass of copper (M꜀) = 10.3 g
Temperature of copper (M꜀) = 100 °C
Specific heat capacity of copper (C꜀) = 0.385 J/gºC
Equilibrium temperature (Tₑ) =?The equilibrium temperature of the mixture can be obtained as follow:
Heat loss by copper = Heat gained by water
Q꜀ = Qᵥᵥ
M꜀C꜀(M꜀ – Tₑ) = MᵥᵥCᵥᵥ(Tₑ– Mᵥᵥ)
10.3 × 0.385 (100 – Tₑ) = 47 × 4.184 (Tₑ – 23.5)
3.9655 (100 – Tₑ) = 196.648 (Tₑ – 23.5)
Clear bracket
396.55 – 3.9655Tₑ = 196.648Tₑ – 4621.228
Collect like terms
396.55 + 4621.228 = 196.648Tₑ + 3.9655Tₑ
5017.778 = 200.6135Tₑ
Divide both side by 200.6135
Tₑ = 5017.778 / 200.613
Tₑ = 25 °CThus, the equilibrium temperature of the mixture is 25 °C. Therefore, the maximum temperature of the water in the insulated container is 25 °C
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If an atom has a neutral charge, it must have
Answer:
Proton or electron. I think, not sure.
Explanation:
A proton and an electron have an equal amount but an opposite type of charge. Thus, if an atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons, the atom is described as being electrically neutral.
eletrons I'm pretty sure
where in water is being converted into a gaseous form?
evaporation
condensation
transportation
precipitation
Answer:
It's called Evaporation.
If 1.02 g of nickel reacted with 750. mL of 0.112 M hydrobromic acid, how much of each will be present at the end of the reaction if you captured the gas in a 2.50 L vessel at 30 C
Answer:
35.1% is percent yield
Explanation:
Full question: Assume no volume change. If you formed 0.0910 atm of gas, what is the percent yield?
The reaction that is occurring is:
Ni + 3HBr → NiBr₃ + 3/2H₂(g)
First, we will determine moles of Ni and HBr to determine limiting reactant and theoretical yield
Using ideal gas law, we can determine the moles of hydrogen formed. Thus, we can find percent yield:
Moles Ni (Molar mass: 58.69g/mol):
1.02g * (1mol / 58.69g) = 0.01738moles Ni
Moles HBr:
0.750L * (0.112mol/L) = 0.084 moles of HBr.
For a complete reaction of the 0.084 moles of HBr you need:
0.084mol HBr * (1 mole Ni / 3 moles HBr) = 0.028 moles of Ni.
As there are just 0.01738 moles of Ni, the Ni is limiting reactant. Assuming a theoretical yield, moles of H₂ produced are:
0.01738moles Ni * (3/2 H₂ / 1 mol Ni) = 0.02607 moles H₂
Now, moles of H₂ produced are:
PV = nRT
PV/RT = n
Where P is pressure (0.0910atm)
V is volume (2.50L)
R is gas constant (0.082atmL/molK)
T is absolute temperature in Kelvin (30°C + 273.15 = 303.15K)
And n are moles
PV/RT = n
0.0910atm*2.50L/0.082atmL/molK*303.15K = n
0.00915 moles = n
And percent yield (Produced moles / Theoretical moles * 100) is:
0.00915 moles / 0.02607moles =
35.1% is percent yieldwhy ice melt into water
A graduated cylinder is filled to an initial volume of 25mL. A solid object is dropped into the graduated cylinder. The final volume of the graduated cylinder is 60mL. The mass of the object is 140g. What is the density of the solid object?
Answer:
The answer is 4 g/mLExplanation:
The density of a substance can be found by using the formula
[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ [/tex]
volume = final volume of water - initial volume of water
volume = 60 - 25 = 35 mL
From the question we have
[tex]density = \frac{140}{35} \\ [/tex]
We have the final answer as
4 g/mLHope this helps you
Which of these is the term for the rate of flow of energy in a circuit?
velocity
electricity
resistance
current
1. Determine the electron-domain geometry and molecular geometry for each of the following.a. SBr2b. PI4+c. IBr2−2. The following three compounds all have the same general formula, XF4. Compare the electron-domain geometries of these three compounds and explain what characteristic(s) of the central atom causes differences in geometry.a. SiF4:b. SeF4:c. XeF4:
Answer:
SBr2
Electron geometry-tetrahedral; molecular geometry-trigonal pyramidal
PI4+
Electron geometry-tetrahedral; moleculargeometry-tetrahedralr
IBr2
Electron geometry - tetrahedral ; molecular shape - bent
Explanation:
We have to carefully consider the issues in question 2.
First of all, the compound SiF4 is an AX4 molecule so both it's electron domain geometry and molecular geometry are tetrahedral. The molecule has no lone pairs.
For SeF4, the compound is a molecule of the type AX4E, its molecular geometry is trigonal bipyramid but its molecular geometry is see-saw because of the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the central atom, selenium.
For XeF4, the electron domain geometry is octahedral but its molecular geometry is square planar. The molecule is of the type AX4E2 and the two lone pairs are positioned above and below the plane of the square.
What is the mass/volume percent of a solution with 7.5g of Na2CO3 dissolved in 20.0 g of water?
9.3 %
27%
7.5%
Answer:
7.5%
Explanation:
I just know it's that
What two particles make up matter?
Answer:
Protons,electrons,and neutrons make up matter
Explanation:
i studied this so hope it helps
What processes are related to metamorphism
Answer:
Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change). The change occurs primarily due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids.
Explanation:
i hope this helps :)
Predict which of the following metals reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Check all that apply.
-Sn
-Hg
-Cr
-Ni
Answer:
Pb, Cr, Fe
Explanation:
The metals that can react with hydrochloric acid are; Sn, Cr and Ni.
The electrochemical series shows the reactivity of elements. An element can only replace another element in solution when that element is higher in the electrochemical series.
The metals that can replace hydrogen in a solution of hydrochloric acid must be metals that are above hydrogen in the electrochemical series. These metals are; Sn, Cr and Ni. Hg is a noble metal hence it does not replace hydrogen in an acid solution.
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is used to locate and track severe storm
Answer:
Weather radar is used to locate and track severe storm.
what particular distribution you share in earth?
Answer:
trees
Explanation:
we plant trees hindi sure kung tama to hihi
The natural abundance for boron isotopes is 19.9% 10B and 80.1%
11B Calculate boron's atomic mass.
Answer:
10.801 amu
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Isotope A (¹⁰B):
Mass of A = 10
Abundance (A%) = 19.9%
Isotope B (¹¹B):
Mass of B = 11
Abundance (B%) = 80.1%
Atomic mass of Boron =?
The atomic mass of boron can be obtained as illustrated below:
Atomic mass = [(Mass of A × A%)/100] + [(Mass of B × B%)/100]
= [(10 × 19.9)/100] + [(11 × 80.1)/100]
= 1.99 + 8.811
= 10.801 amu
Thus, the atomic mass of boron is 10.801 amu
The atomic mass of boron with natural abundance of 19.9% of 10 B and 80.1% of 11 B is 10.801 amu
Boron has 2 isotopes.
First isotopes
mass = 10
% abundance = 19.9%
Second Isotopes
mass = 11
% abundance = 80.1%
Therefore,
Atomic mass = (19.9% of 10) + (80.1% of 11)
Atomic mass = (19.9 / 100 × 10) + (80.1 / 100 × 11)
Atomic mass = 199 / 100 + 881.1 / 100
Atomic mass = 1.99 + 8.811
Atomic mass = 10.801
Atomic mass = 10.801 amu
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How does ionic bond forms?
Answer:
Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.
Explanation: i took the same test
Answer:
it forms where a metal element and a non metal element react together to form a now compound
iron (III) oxide pentahydrate formula
Answer:
Molecular Formula Fe2O12S3·5H2O
IUPAC Name iron(3+);tri sulfate;pentahydrate
Explanation:
What is the acceleration of a 7 kg mass if a force of 68.6 N is used to move it toward earth
Answer:
acceleration = force/mass
= (68.6+mg)/7
= 19.6 m/s²
Explanation:
9.8 m/s² is the acceleration acting on 7 kg mass if force of 68.6 N is used to move it towards earth.
What is force?Force is defined as a cause which is capable of changing the motion of an object. It can cause an object which has mass to change it's velocity. It is also simply a push or a pull . It has both magnitude as well as direction.Hence, it is a vector quantity.
It has SI units of Newton and is represented by'F'.Newton's second law states that force which acts on an object is equal to momentum which changes with time. If mass of object is constant, acceleration is directly proportional to net force acting on an object.
The concepts which related to force are thrust and torque .Thrust increases the velocity of an object and torque produces change in rotational speed of an object.
Learn more about force,here:
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which one of these best defines climate
please help i will mark brainlest answer if correct asap
Answer:
Long term condition of the atmosphere
Explanation:
I think this is right.
I hope this helps! (✿◕‿◕✿)
In chemistry, one often uses a unit of charge known as the Faraday, F, which has the magnitude of the charge of 1 mole of electrons. How many faradays of charge does that correspond to
Answer:
1 Faraday
Explanation:
This question seeks to test proper understanding of Faraday's second law of electrolysis which states when the same quantity electricity passes through a solution of different electrolytes, the mass of the substance deposited is directly proportional to there chemical equivalence.
This law hints at the charges of ions being the chemical equivalence and also been represented as the unit for the quantity of electricity in faraday, F. Hence, a metal with the charge of 1+ can be displaced by 1F (which is equal to 96, 500 coloumbs). This charge also represents one molecule of electron, thus 1 faraday corresponds to one mole of electrons.
NOTE: It should be noted that a metal with the charge of 2+ can be displaced by 2F and so on.
What is the particle behavior of an liquid?
Answer: The particles are moving fast but close together.
Answer:
its in the explanation.
Explanation:
1.In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion throughout the container. Particles move rapidly in all directions but collide with each other more frequently than in gases due to shorter distances between particles.
2.It assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another.
Hope this helps. :)
Selenium has six valence electrons. What is the valence of selenium?
HELP ILL MARK BRAINLEST
Soil is an example of a:
a. solution
b. heterogeneous mixture
c. solid solution
Answer:
Heterogeneous mixture
Explanation:
Soil is composed of small pieces of a variety of materials, so it is a heterogeneous mixture.
23994Pu + 10n → BCBa + 9138Sr + 3 10n
B=??
a
150
b
100
c
140
d
146
Answer:
the answer to this question is c 140
You need to make 700 mL of a 2.8 M KOH solution. How many grams of KOH should you measure out to make the solution?
Please show steps solution for this question to get the answer.
Answer:
The answer is 109.76 gExplanation:
In order to find out the mass of KOH to be used we use the formula
m = c × M × vwhere
m is the mass
c is the concentration in mol/dm³
M is the molar mass
v is the volume in dm³
From the question
c = 2.8 M
v = 700 mL = 0.7 dm³
Mr( K) = 39 , Mr(O) = 16 , Mr(H) = 1
we have
Molar mass of KOH = 39 + 16 + 1
= 56 g/mol
So we have
m = 2.8 × 56 × 0.7
We have the final answer as
109.76 gHope this helps you
What do you need to measure the amount of energy in food
Answer:
u measure how much power it has
Explanation:
for example u can power a light bulb woth it if u can it was 100eg energy
What are the signs that you are getting nervous 18 POINTS )
liquid containing a mixture of neon and xenon was cooled down. One gas solidified at -249 °C and the other at –112 °C. Identify which noble gas solidified at -249 °C and which at -112 °C. Justify your answer.
Answer:
The noble gases (Group 18) are located in the far right of the periodic table and were previously referred to as the "inert gases" due to the fact that their filled valence shells (octets) make them extremely nonreactive. The noble gases were characterized relatively late compared to other element groups.
The History
The first person to discover the noble gases was Henry Cavendish in the late 180th century. Cavendish distinguished these elements by chemically removing all oxygen and nitrogen from a container of air. The nitrogen was oxidized to NO2 by electric discharges and absorbed by a sodium hydroxide solution. The remaining oxygen was then removed from the mixture with an absorber. The experiment revealed that 1/120 of the gas volume remained un-reacted in the receptacle. The second person to isolate, but not typify, them was William Francis (1855-1925). Francis noted the formation of gas while dissolving uranium minerals in acid.
Argon
In 1894, John William Strutt discovered that chemically-obtained pure nitrogen was less dense than the nitrogen isolated from air samples. From this breakthrough, he concluded that another, unknown gas was present in the air. With the aid of William Ramsay, Strutt managed to replicate and modify Cavendish's experiment to better understand the inert component of air in his original experiment. The researchers' procedure differed from the Cavendish procedure: they removed the oxygen by reacting it with copper, and removed the nitrogen in a reaction with magnesium. The remaining gas was properly characterized and the new element was named "argon," which originates from the Greek word for "inert."
Helium
Helium was first discovered in 1868, manifesting itself in the solar spectrum as a bright yellow line with a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers. This discovery was made by Pierre Jansen. Jansen initially assumed it was a sodium line. However, later studies by Sir William Ramsay (who isolated helium on Earth by treating a variety of rare elements with acids) confirmed that the bright yellow line from his experiment matched up with that in the spectrum of the sun. From this, British physicist William Crookes identified the element as helium.
Neon, Krypton, Xenon
These three noble gases were discovered by Morris W. Travers and Sir William Ramsay in 1898. Ramsay discovered neon by chilling a sample of the air to a liquid phase, warming the liquid, and capturing the gases as they boiled off. Krypton and xenon were also discovered through this process.
Radon
In 1900, while studying the decay chain of radium, Friedrich Earns Dorn discovered the last gas in Group 18: radon. In his experiments, Dorn noticed that radium compounds emanated radioactive gas. This gas was originally named niton after the Latin word for shining, "nitens". In 1923, the International Committee for Chemical Elements and International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) decided to name the element radon. All isotopes of radon are radioactive. Radon-222 has the longest half-life at less than 4 days, and is an alpha-decay product of Radium-226 (part of the U-238 to Pb-206 radioactive decay chain).
The Electron Configurations for Noble Gases
Helium 1s2
Neon [He] 2s2 2p6
Argon [Ne] 3s2 3p6
Krypton [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
Xenon [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
Radon [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p
Explanation: