Answer: to protect the economic freedom of all of its citizens
Explanation:
The above quote by Adam Smith was him criticizing the common practice in those days of nations trying to control the spending habits of their citizens by passing restrictive laws and limiting the importation and production of certain goods and services.
It would therefore support the U.S. policy of protecting the economic freedom of her citizens such that they may trade whatever it is that they want - so long as it is legal - without restrictions by the government.
Which of the following is NOT a reason to extend credit to
customers you are trying to sell to?
O Selling on credit was a long-established industry practice before you
entered the market and it is expected.
O You are selling an intangible asset with fat margins and customer's
struggle to find financing and if the customer doesn't pay, you have not
lost much
You feel like you can sell more product by accommodating customers and
you have a high level of knowledge about the industry you sell into and
you can make informed decision quicker than a generic bank.
It is the end of the quarter, and all of the sales people are trying to hit
their quota but you don't have anybody available to check credit or do
financial reviews of new customers. You are selling a low margin product
with a high amount of C.O.G.S.
The following is a list of various costs of producing T-shirts. Classify each cost as either a variable, fixed, or mixed cost for units produced and sold.
a. Ink used for screen printing Variable
b. Warehouse rent of $8,000 per month plus $0.50 per square foot of storage used Mixed
c. Thread Variable
d. Electricity costs of $0.038 per kilowatt-hour Variable
e. Janitorial costs of $4,000 per month Fixed
f. Advertising costs of $12,000 per month
g. Accounting salaries
h. Color dyes for producing different colors of T-shirts Variable
i. Salary of the production supervisor
j. Straight-line depreciation on sewing machines Fixed
k. Salaries of internal pattern designers
l. Hourly wages of sewing machine operators Variable
m. Property taxes on factory, building, and equipment Fixed
n. Cotton and polyester cloth
o. Maintenance costs with sewing machine company (the cost is $2,000 per year plus $0.001 for each machine hour of use.) Mixed
Solution :
a. Ink used for screen printing --- Variable
b. Warehouse rent of $8,000 per month plus $0.50 per square foot of storage used --- Mixed
c. Thread --- Variable
d. Electricity costs of $0.038 per kilowatt-hour --- Variable
e. Janitorial costs of $4,000 per month ---- Fixed
f. Advertising costs of $12,000 per month ---- FIXED
g. Accounting salaries --- FIXED
h. Color dyes for producing different colors of T-shirts ----- Variable
i. Salary of the production supervisor ---- FIXED
j. Straight-line depreciation on sewing machines ----- Fixed
k. Salaries of internal pattern designers ----- FIXED
l. Hourly wages of sewing machine operators ------ Variable
m. Property taxes on factory, building, and equipment ----- Fixed
n. Cotton and polyester cloth ---- VARIABLE
o. Maintenance costs with sewing machine company (the cost is $2,000 per year plus $0.001 for each machine hour of use.) ---- Mixed
XYZ Office Supplies is about to introduce a new customer service program that will affect all its 355 sales and service employees. Job duties will be changed, and the employee rewards system will be altered to fit this new customer focus. Moreover, the company wants to improve the efficiency of work processes, thereby removing some of the comfortable (and often leisurely) routines that employees have followed over the years. Top management is concerned about the different types of forces resisting change that the company will potentially experience during this change process. The employees at XYZ discreetly weaken the new customer service program to prove that the decision is wrong and that the new program is not effective. Which of the following reasons to resist change is depicted in this scenario?
a. induce organizational learning.
b. negotiate with the employees.
c. use the stress management technique.
d. create an urgency for change.
Answer: d. Create an urgency for change.
Explanation:
Based on the information given, the reason to resist change that is depicted in this scenario is creating an urgency for change.
The urgency for change can be seen in situations such as the shifting of the reward system towards the new customers, getting employees closer to the customers and also by making job roles to be more focused towards customer.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
Why do they say Accounting Equation is the basis for the preparation of statement of financial position in accordance to IFRS financial statement presentation ?
Answer:
The Statement of Financial Position (SFP) or Balance Sheet, shows the assets of the company on one side and then the way the funding that enabled these assets to be acquired on the other.
This is the basis of the Accounting equation which is:
Assets = Equity + Liability
One one side of the (SFP), you have the assets shown. These assets are added up to find the Net Total Assets.
The other side of the (SFP) will have the Equity and the liabilities listed. These are then added up too and they are to be equivalent to the amount of Assets.
This would therefore prove the equation that when you add up Equity and Liabilities, you get Assets.
George is responsible for examining the heating and air conditioning system of an upcoming hotel. So, George is a mechanical____
Answer:
a mechanical inspector
Is gender pay gap logical ? If so, kindly explain.
Thanks.
Answer:
yes (logically but in my opinion no)
Explanation:
The reason why is because some jobs required you to lift heavy stuff and some women can't lift very heavy things.
The following income statements are provided for Li Company's last two years of operation: Year 1 Year 2 Number of units produced and sold 4,500 4,100 Sales revenue $ 69,750 $ 63,550 Cost of goods sold 41,700 38,000 Gross margin 28,050 25,550 General, selling, and administrative expenses 17,500 16,300 Net income $ 10,550 $ 9,250 Assuming that cost behavior did not change over the two-year period, what is Li Company's contribution margin in Year 2?
Answer:
$13,325
Explanation:
Calculation to determine Li Company's contribution margin in Year 2
First step is to calculate the Variable cost per unit
Using this formula
Variable cost per unit = Change in costs ÷ Change in activity Cost of goods sold
Let plug in the formula
Variable cost per unit = (41,700 − 38,000) ÷ (4,500 units − 4,100 units)
Variable cost per unit =3,700/400
Variable cost per unit = $9.25 per unit
Second step is to calculate the Selling and administrative expense
Variable cost per unit = (17,500- 16,300) ÷ (4,500 units − 4,100 units)
Variable cost per unit =1,200/400 units
Variable cost per unit = $3.00 per unit
Now let calculate the Contribution margin in Year 2
Using this formula
Contribution margin = Sales revenue − Variable costs
Let plug in the formula
Contribution margin= $ 63,550 − [4,100 units × ($9.25 per unit + $3.00 per unit)]
Contribution margin=$ 63,550-(4,100 units×$12.25)
Contribution margin=$ 63,550-$50,225
Contribution margin = $13,325
Therefore Li Company's contribution margin in Year 2 is $13,325
Choose one of the management or leadership theories (you may know of one not listed below) and three of the characteristics listed below. You want to research what details for each characteristic you chose applies to the selected management or leadership theory. You should write at least 100-word minimum for each characteristic.
Management and leadership theories include :_____.
a. Contingency theory
b. Systems theory
c. Chaos theory
d. Theory X and Theory Y
e. Human relations theory
f. Transactional leadership theory
g. Transformational leadership theory
h. Path-goal theory
i. Charismatic leadership theory
j. Situational leadership theory.
Different types of characteristics to consider for each management or leadership theory are :_______.
a. Traits
b. Values, integrity and moral development
c. Confidence and optimism
d. Skills and expertise
e. Behavior
f. Influence tactics
g. Attributes about followers
h. Beliefs and assumptions.
Explanation:
Theory: d. Theory X and Theory Y
Characteristics:
a. Traits
b. Values, integrity, and moral
h. Beliefs and assumptions.
The Theory X and Theory Y management theory was developed by Douglas McGregor. According to McGregor, there are two types of managers;
theory X: who takes pride in viewing his employees in a negative sense, that assuming they unmotivated and do not like work, hence believes they should be forced to work.theory Y: this manager has a positive view of his employees. He is the direct opposite of theory X manager since he believes his employees are happy to work. In other words, he believes his employees are self-motivated.Indicate which activities of Stockton Corporation violated the rights of a stockholder who owned one share of common stock. (You may ch mooosere than one answer.
a. Did not allow the stockholder to sell the stock to her brother.
b. Rejected the stockholder's request to be put in charge of its retail store.
c. When additional common stock was later issued, the company did not give the shareholder the preemptive right to protect her proportionate interest.
d. The company did not provide all stockholders with timely financial reports.
e. In liquidation, paid the common shareholder after all creditors were already paid.
Answer and Explanation:
The explanation is as follows;
a. In this, the corporation has violated the right to sell off the stock.
b. Here no rights of the shareholder would be violated as the stockholder do not have the interfere right
c. Here the right is violated with respect to the purchase their proportional common stock share prior made available to the public
d. Here also the right is violated for receiving the timely financial reports
e. Here no rights of the stockholder is violated because the common stockholder is paid at the last when the creditors payment has been done
A construction company is considering investing $80,000 in a dump truck. The truck will last 5 years, at which time it will be sold for $15,000. The maintenance cost at the end of the first year is estimated to be $9,000. Maintenance costs for the truck are estimated to increase by $1000 per year over its life. As an alternative, the company may lease the truck from a dealership for $X per year, including maintenance.
Required:
a. Draw a cash flow diagram of both alternatives.
b. For what value of X should the company lease the truck if the company does business with a MARR of 7%. Assume end-of-year lease payments.
Answer:
a) attached below
b) X < 2.7767.8
Explanation:
Working with the information available
a) Diagram of the cash flow of both alternatives ( Buying and leasing alternatives )
attached below
b) Determine the value of X if the company leases the truck
Given that : MARR = 7%
assuming end-of-year lease payments
Note : The company will only lease the truck if the cost of buying the truck is higher than the cost of leasing in the long term
∴ we will calculate for The cost of buying ( equivalent annual cost )
= -8000( A/P, 7%, 5 ) - 9000 - 1000 (A/G, 7%, 5 ) + 15000 (A/F, 7%, 5 )
= - 27767.8
Hence the value of X that the company should lease instead of buying will be : X < 2.7767.8
Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) (LO 7.4) Mike purchases a new heavy-duty truck (5-year class recovery property) for his delivery service on April 30, 2017. No other assets were purchased during the year. The truck is not considered a passenger automobile for purposes of the listed property and luxury automobile limitations. The truck has a depreciable basis of $39,000 and an estimated useful life of 5 years. Assume half-year convention for tax. .
a. Calculate the amount of depreciation for 2017 using financial accounting straight-line depreciation (not the straight-line MACRS election) over the truck's estimated useful life.
b. Calculate the amount of depreciation for 2017 using the straight-line depreciation election, using MACRS tables over the minimum number of years with no bonus depreciation or election to expense
c.Calculate the amount of depreciation for 2017, including bonus depreciation but no election to expense, that Mike could deduct using the MACRS tables
d. Assume no income limit on the expense election. Calculate the amount of depreciation for 2017 including bonus depreciation and the election to expense that Mike can deduct.
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
a. The amount of depreciation for 2017 using financial accounting straight-line depreciation will be:
= $39000 × 8months/5 years
= $39000 × 8months / 60months
= $39000 × 8/60
= $5200
b. The amount of depreciation for 2017 using the straight-line depreciation election will be:
= $39000 × 10%
= $39000 × 0.1
= $3900
c. The amount of depreciation for 2017, including bonus depreciation but no election to expense, that Mike could deduct using the MACRS tables will be:
= ($39000/2) + $3900
= $19500 + $3900
= $23400
d. If there is no income limit on the expense election, the amount of depreciation for 2017 including bonus depreciation and the election to expense that Mike can deduct will be:
= $25000 + $7000 + $1400
= $33400
Crane Company had 190000 shares of common stock, 19000 shares of convertible preferred stock, and $1490000 of 4% convertible bonds outstanding during 2021. The preferred stock is convertible into 39000 shares of common stock. During 2021, Crane paid dividends of $0.80 per share on the common stock and $2 per share on the preferred stock. Each $1,000 bond is convertible into 30 shares of common stock. The net income for 2021 was $590000 and the income tax rate was 30%. Basic earnings per share for 2021 is (rounded to the nearest penny)
Answer:
Basic earnings per share(EPS)=$2.90
Explanation:
Earnings per share is the total earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders divided by the number of units of common stock .
It represents profit per unit of stock unit held by common stock holder investor. The higher, the more profitable and the better.
Earnings per share = Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders / units of common stock
Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders= Net income after tax - preference dividend
Net Income 2021= $590,000=
Preference Dividend =$2 × 19,000=$38,000
Earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders for 2021=
=$590,000-$38,000=$552,000
Basic Earnings per share=$552,000/190,000 shares=$2.90
Basic earnings per share(EPS)=$2.90
During the current month, Tomlin Company incurs the following manufacturing costs.
(a) Purchased raw materials of $16,940 on account.
(b) Incurred factory labor of $38,528. Of that amount, $32,281 relates to wages payable and $6,247 relates to payroll taxes payable.
(c) Factory utilities of $3,108 are payable, prepaid factory property taxes of $2,008 have expired, and depreciation on the factory building is $8,322.
Prepare journal entries for each type of manufacturing cost. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
No. Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
(a)
(b)
(c)
Answer:
(a) Dr Raw materials inventory $16,940
Cr Accounts payable $16,940
(b) Dr Factory labor $38,528
Cr Factory wages payable $32,281
Cr Employer Payroll Taxes Payable $6,247
(c) Dr Manufacturing overhead $13,438
Cr Prepaid Property Taxes $2,008
Cr Accumulated Depreciation-Buildings $8,322
Cr Utilities Payable $3,108
Explanation:
Preparation of journal entries for each type of manufacturing cost.
(a) Dr Raw materials inventory $16,940
Cr Accounts payable $16,940
(b) Dr Factory labor $38,528
Cr Factory wages payable $32,281
Cr Employer Payroll Taxes Payable $6,247
(c) Dr Manufacturing overhead $13,438
($3,108+$8,322+$2,008)
Cr Prepaid Property Taxes $2,008
Cr Accumulated Depreciation-Buildings $8,322
Cr Utilities Payable $3,108
The market research department of the National Real Estate Company conducted a survey among 500 prospective buyers in a suburb of a large metropolitan area to determine the maximum price a prospective buyer would be willing to pay for a house. From the data collected, the distribution that follows was obtained.
Maximum Price Considered, x P(X = x)
(in thousands of dollars)
480 10
500
490 20
500
500 75
500
510 85
500
520 70
500
550 95
500
580 95
500
600 45
500
650 5
500
Required:
Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the maximum price x that these buyers were willing to pay for a house.
Answer:
Following are the responses to the given question:
Explanation:
Using formula:
[tex]Mean=\Sigma x \times P(x)\\\\Variance=\Sigma (x-\mu)^2 \times P(x)\\\\Standard \ Deviation=\sqrt{Variance}[/tex]
[tex]x\ \ \ \ \ \ \ P(x)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ x\times P(x)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ (x-\mu)^2\times P(x)\\\\480\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.02\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9.6\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 72.9632\\\\490\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.05\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 24.5\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 127.008\\\\500\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.14\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 70\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 228.5024\\\\510\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.16\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 81.6\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 147.8656\\\\520\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.14\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 72.8\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 58.2624\\\\550\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.18\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 99\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 16.5888\\\\[/tex]
[tex]580\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.18\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 104.4\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 282.2688\\\\600\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.12\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 72\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 426.2592\\\\650\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0.01\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6.5\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 120.1216\\\\[/tex]
[tex]Total\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 540.4 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1479.84\\\\Mean \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 540.4 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ dollars\\\\Variance \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1479.84 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ dollars^2\\\\St \ Dev \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 38 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ dollars[/tex]
Amy and Builders Corporation enter into a contract in which Amy agrees to deliver cement to Builders at a construction site. They neglect to include a price in the agreement. A court will a. determine a reasonable price for the cement and insert it into the contract. b. leave the parties in the position in which it found them. c. refuse to enforce the agreement. d. select the lowest quoted price for cement and insert it into the contract.
Answer:
a. determine a reasonable price for the cement and insert it into the contract.
Explanation:
Since in the question it is mentioned that the amy & builders corporation would entered into a contract where amy agrees to deliver the cement at the construction site. At the same time they deny to include the price in the agreement. So here the court would say that calculate the price for the cement and the same would be involved in the contract as without price the contract is not valid
Hence, the option a is correct
Which TWO details should be covered by the scope of Loretta’s business message?
Loretta is writing a brochure about storm preparedness for the county’s emergency management services. In the brochure, Loretta should include information about the....
a. Different kinds of storms, b. storm routes in the neighboring county, c. storm shelters in the county .
She should also inform the recipients about the..... a. specific medical procedures to follow,b. history of emergency services, c. emergency supplies to have on hand. .
Answer:
The two details which should cover the scope of Loretta's business message include:
Loretta is writing a brochure about storm preparedness for the county’s emergency management services. In the brochure, Loretta should include information about the....
b. storm routes in the neighboring county.
She should also inform the recipients about the....
c. emergency supplies to have on hand.
Explanation:
The stockholders’ equity section of Velcro World is presented here.
VELCRO WORLD
Balance Sheet (partial)
($ and shares in thousands)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value $ 5,800
Common stock, $1 par value 28,000
Additional paid-in capital 1,028,600
Total paid-in capital 1,062,400
Retained earnings 286,000
Treasury stock, 12,000
Common shares (360,000)
Total stockholders' equity $ 988,400
Based on the stockholders' equity section of Velcro World, answer the following questions. Remember that all amounts are presented in thousands.
1. How many shares of preferred stock have been issued? (Enter you answer in total number of shares, not in thousands.)
2. How many shares of common stock have been issued? (Enter you answer in total number of shares, not in thousands.)
3. If the common shares were issued at $30 per share, at what average price per share were the preferred shares issued?
4. If retained earnings at the beginning of the period was $250 million and $30 million was paid in dividends during the year, what was the net income for the year? (Enter your answer in million (i.e., 5,000,000 should be entered as 5).)
5. What was the average cost per share of the treasury stock acquired?
Answer:
Velcro World
1. Prefered stock issued = 5,800,000
2. Common stock issued = 28,000,000
3. Average price of preferred stock = $38
4. Net income for the year = $66
5. Average cost per share of the treasury stock acquired = $30
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
VELCRO WORLD
Balance Sheet (partial)
($ and shares in thousands)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value $ 5,800
Common stock, $1 par value 28,000
Additional paid-in capital 1,028,600
Total paid-in capital 1,062,400
Retained earnings 286,000
Treasury stock, 12,000 (360,000)
Total stockholders' equity $ 988,400
1. Prefered stock issued = 5,800,000
2. Common stock issued = 28,000,000
3. Additional paid in capital = 1,028,600,000
less common stock (part) 812,000,000 ($29 * 28,000,000)
Preferred stock (part) 216,600,000
add Preferred stock 5,800,000
Total preferred stock value 222,400,000
Average price = 222,400,000/5,800,000 = $38
4. Retained earnings at the end = $286,000,000
add dividends paid during the year 30,000,000
Retained earnings at the beginning = $250,000,000
Net income for the year = $66,000,000
$66
5. Average cost per share of the treasury stock acquired = $360,000,000/12,000,000 = $30
profit generated by corporations is known as ?
Answer: Net Income
Explanation:
Net Income is the profit made by a company after it has finished paying off all expenses including taxes and interest payments on debt.
Calculating the net income is the main purpose of the Income statement which is where we will see the expenses that the business is incurring and how much sales they are making to get such profits. This net income is then transferred to the Retained Earnings in the balance sheet.
n 1982 the inflation rate hit 16%. Suppose that the average cost of a textbook in 1982 was $25. What was the expected cost in the year 2017 if we project this rate of inflation on the cost? (Assume continuous compounding. Round your answer to the nearest cent.) If the average cost of a textbook in 2012 was $150, what is the actual inflation rate (rounded to the nearest tenth percent)?
Answer:
Total number of years = 35
a. Expected cost in 2017 = $25 * e^(35*0.16)
Expected cost in 2017 = $25 * e^5.6
Expected cost in 2017 = $25 * 270.42
Expected cost in 2017 = $6,760.50
b. If the average cost of a textbook in 2012 was $150, then the actual inflation rate:
150 = 25 * e^(r*t)
150 = 25 * e^(r*30)
6 = e^(r*30)
Taking log base e on both side
30r = Ln6
30r = 1.7918
r = 1.7918/30
r = 0.05972667
r = 5.97%
So, actual inflation rate is 5.97%
Locomotive Corporation is planning to repurchase part of its common stock by issuing corporate debt. As a result, the firm’s debt–equity ratio is expected to rise from 30 percent to 50 percent. The firm currently has $3.3 million worth of debt outstanding. The cost of this debt is 9 percent per year. Locomotive expects to have an EBIT of $1.32 million per year in perpetuity. Locomotive pays no taxes.
a. What is the market value of Locomotive Corporation before and after the repurchase announcement?
b. What is the expected return on the firm’s equity before the announcement of the stock repurchase plan?
c. What is the expected return on the equity of an otherwise identical all-equity firm?
d. What is the expected return on the firm’s equity after the announcement of the stock repurchase plan?
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
a. What is the market value of Locomotive Corporation before and after the repurchase announcement?
Equity value = Debt value / Debt to equity ratio
= 3,300,000/0.3
= 11,000,000
Market value = Debt value + Equity value
= $3,300,000 + $11,000,000
= $14,300,000
b. What is the expected return on the firm’s equity before the announcement of the stock repurchase plan?
To solve this, we need to know the interest payment first which will be:
= $3,300,000 × 9%
= $3,300,000 × 0.09
= $297000
Return on equity will now be:
= (EBIT - interest) / Equity
= (1320000 - 297000) / 11000000
= 9.30%
c. What is the expected return on the equity of an otherwise identical all-equity firm?
This will be:
= Earnings before Interest / Unlevered firm value
= 1320000 / 14300000
= 9.23%
d. What is the expected return on the firm’s equity after the announcement of the stock repurchase plan?
This will be:
= 9.23% + 50% × (9.23% - 9%)
= 9.35%
Exercise 23-2 Make or buy LO P1 Gelb Company currently manufactures 43,000 units per year of a key component for its manufacturing process. Variable costs are $5.15 per unit, fixed costs related to making this component are $73,000 per year, and allocated fixed costs are $78,500 per year. The allocated fixed costs are unavoidable whether the company makes or buys this component. The company is considering buying this component from a supplier for $3.70 per unit. Calculate the total incremental cost of making 43,000 units and buying 43,000 units. Should it continue to manufacture the component, or should it buy this component from the outside supplier
Answer:
If the company buys the units, it will save $135,350.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Number of units= 43,000
Make in-house:
Variable costs are $5.15 per unit
Avoidable fixed costs= $73,000
Buy:
Unitary cost= $3.7
We will take into account only the incremental cost, therefore, the unavoidable fixed costs will not be taken into account.
Total cost of production= 43,000*5.15 + 73,000= $294,450
Total cost of purchase= 3.7*43,000= $159,100
If the company buys the units, it will save $135,350.
A company acquired a copyright that now has a remaining legal life of 30 years. In the hands of the previous owner, the copyright had a 38-year useful life assigned to it. An analysis of market trends and consumer habits indicated that the copyrighted material will generate positive cash flows for approximately 25 years. What is the remaining useful life, if any, over which the company can amortize the copyright for accounting purposes
Answer:
25 years
Explanation:
the useful life that would be used for accounting proposes is the number of years a positive cash flow can be earned from the copyright
Livingston Fabrication has created the following aggregate plan for the next five months:
August September October November December
Forecasting demand (units of finished goods)
1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 4,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
Production plan
2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00
Assume that Livingston will have nothing in inventory at the end of July. Livingston employs 500 production assembly workers and it takes one production assembly worker 3 minutes to assemble one unit of finished good. (The unit is complete at that point.) Each production assembly worker can provide 160 hours of assembly time a month without requiring overtime pay.
Livingston wants to complete this plan without working any overtime in assembly. How many additional production assembly workers does Livingston need to hire, in order to accomplish this? When should they be hired?
Using this production plan, how many units will be in inventory at the end of October?
What will the average inventory level be each month?
Answer:
Livingston Fabrication
1. Additional production assembly workers needed = 125
2. They should be hired July ending for August production.
3. 2,000,000 units will be in inventory at the end of October.
4. The average inventory level each month will be 1,200,000 units.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
(in thousands) August September October November December
Beginning inventory 0 1,000 2,000 2,000 0
Production plan 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Forecasting demand
(units of finished goods) 1,000 1,000 2,000 4,000 1,000
Ending inventory 1,000 2,000 2,000 0 1,000
Number of assembly workers employed = 500
Minutes per employee to assemble one unit of finished good = 3
Total hours that each assembly worker can provide per month = 160
Total time provided by each assembly worker in minutes = 9,600 (160*60)
Total units produced by each worker in a month = 3,200 (9,600/3) units
Total units produced by 500 workers = 1,600,000 (3,200 * 500)
Production planned units per month = 2,000,000
Units required to be produced by hiring extra workers = 400,000
Workers required to produce the extra 400,000 units = 125 (400,000/3,200)
Average inventory level each month = Total ending inventory/5
= 6,000/5
= 1,200
Adamson Corporation is considering four average-risk projects with the following costs and rates of return:
Project Cost Expected Rate of Return
1 $2,000 16.00%
2 3,000 15.00
3 5,000 13.75
4 2,000 12.50
The company estimates that it can issue debt at a rate of rd = 10%, and its tax rate is 30%. It can issue preferred stock that pays a constant dividend of $5 per year at $48 per share. Also, its common stock currently sells for $33 per share; the next expected dividend, D1, is $4.00; and the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% per year. The target capital structure consists of 75% common stock, 15% debt, and 10% preferred stock.
Required:
a. What is the cost of each of the capital components?
b. What is Adamson's WACC?
Answer:
a. Cost of debt = Interest * (1 - Tax rate)
= 10%*(1 - 0.30)
= 7%
Cost of preferred stock = Dividend/ Issue price
= 5/48
= 10.42%
Cost of common stock (Cost of retained earnings) = (D1/P0) + g
= (4/33) + 0.07
= 0.12 + 0.07
= 0.19
= 19%
b. Fund Cost Weight Cost * Weight
Debt 7% 0.15 1.05%
Preferred stock 10.42% 0.10 1.042%
Retained earnings 19% 0.75 14.25%
WACC 16.342%
Penetration pricing doesn't work if ________.
Answer: the price isnt low enough
Explanation:Penetration pricing is a marketing strategy used by businesses to attract customers to a new product or service by offering a lower price during its initial offering. The lower price helps a new product or service penetrate the market and attract customers away from competitors.
The cash account for American Medical Co. at April 30 indicated a balance of $334,985. The bank statement indicated a balance of $388,600 on April 30. Comparing the bank statement and the accompanying canceled checks and memos with the records revealed the following reconciling items: A.Checks outstanding totaled $61,280. B.A deposit of $42,500, representing receipts of April 30, had been made too late to appear on the bank statement.
Answer:
Missing word "The bank collected $42,000 on a $40,000 note, including interest of $2,000. A check for $7,600 returned with the statement had been incorrectly recorded by American Medical Co. as $760. The check was for the payment of an obligation to Targhee Supply Co. for a purchase on account. A check drawn for $240 had been erroneously charged by the bank as $420. Bank service charges for April amounted to $145. Instructions: Prepare a bank reconciliation."
Bank reconciliation statement
Particulars Amount ($)
Balance as per bank statement 388,600
Add: Deposit in transit 42,500
Add: Error in recording the check (420-240) 180 431,280
Less: Outstanding checks (61,280)
Adjusted balance as per Bank statement 370,000
Bank reconciliation statement
Particulars Amount ($)
Balance as per books 334,985
Add: Note collected 40,000
Add: Interest collected 2,000 376,985
Less: Error in recording check (7,600-760) (6,840)
Less: Service charges levied (145)
Adjusted balance as per books 370,000
LJM Corporation includes two divisions, Shay Division and Patty Division. The Shay Division makes specialized filters, including one that could be used by the Patty Division. Costs for the filter are variable costs, $16; fixed costs, $20. Shay Division has capacity to make 20,000 of the filters, and it is operating at capacity. It sells the filters to other companies for $52 each. The Patty Division needs 8,000 filters per year, and it has been purchasing them from another company for $45 each. Required: 1) If a transfer were to occur between Shay Division and Patty Division, what is the maximum that Patty Division should be willing to pay for the filters? 2) If a transfer were to occur between Shay Division and Patty Division, what is the minimum price that Shay Division should be willing to accept?
Answer:
LJM Corporation
1. The Maximum price that Patty Division should be willing to pay for the filters is: $45.
2. Minimum price that Shay Division should be willing to accept is: $52.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Shay Division Patty Division
Costs:
Variable costs $16
Fixed costs 20
Sales/purchase price 52 $45
Capacity/requirement 20,000 8,000
Maximum price that Patty Division should be willing to pay for the filters is: $45.
Minimum price that Shay Division should be willing to accept is: $52.
b) The minimum transfer price should be determined based on the variable costs and the opportunity costs. The opportunity cost for Shay Division is $36 ($52 - $16). For Patty Division, the maximum price it should be willing to pay is the opportunity cost, which is the price Patty pays when it buys the filters from the market.
The objectives of labor unions frequently shift with social and economic trends. In the 1970s, the primary objective was additional pay and benefits for members. In the 1980s, job security and union recognition were uppermost. In the 1990s and into the 2000s, unions again focused on job security due to the growth of global competition and outsourcing. Organized labor has also strongly opposed the increase in offshore outsourcing, claiming this practice will cost U.S. jobs. Labor unions generally insist that a contract contain a union security clause stipulating that employees who reap union benefits either officially join or at least pay dues to the union. Edward was recently transferred to a location in a new state. He was surprised that he was not required to be in the union in the new state, but he was in the old state. He later learned that the new state passed a provision giving him the choice.
a. Open shop agreement
b. Union shop agreement
c. Agency shop agreement & Right-to-work law
Answer:
The provision passed by the new state giving Edward the choice is called:
a. Open shop agreement.
Explanation:
The open shop agreement allows Edward but does not oblige him to be a union member before he can be hired in the new state. This means that the choice to belong to a union should be made by Edward and not his employer. It is not like a closed shop agreement, where Edward must be required to be a union member to be employed.
The Northern Ring Company manufactures 2,000 telephones per year. The full manufacturing costs per telephone are as follows: Direct materials $ 2 Direct labor 8 Variable manufacturing overhead 6 Average fixed manufacturing overhead 6 Total $22 The Texas Ring Company has offered to sell Northern Ring Company 2,000 telephones for $15 per unit. If Northern Ring Company accepts the offer, $10,000 of fixed overhead will be eliminated. Northern Ring should: Select one: A. Buy the telephones; the savings is $12,000 B. Make the telephones; the savings is $2,000 C. Buy the telephones; the savings is $24,000 D. Make the telephones; the savings is $12,000
Answer:
A. Buy the telephones; the savings is $12,000
Explanation:
The computation is shown below;
Particulars Without offer with offer
Direct material $4,000 $0
(2,000 × $2)
Direct labor $16,000 $0
(2,000 × $8)
Variable manufacturing overhead $12,000 $0
(2,000 × $6)
Fixed manufacturing overhead $12,000 $2,000
($12,000 - $10,000)
Purchase cost $30,000
($2,000 × $15)
Total cost $44,000 $32,000
Therefore the option A is correct
Bramble Company reports the following operating results for the month of August: sales $325,000 (units 5,000); variable costs $212,000; and fixed costs $70,400. Management is considering the following independent courses of action to increase net income. Compute the net income to be earned under each alternative. 1. Increase selling price by 10% with no change in total variable costs or sales volume. Net income $ 2. Reduce variable costs to 60% of sales. Net income $ 3. Reduce fixed costs by $18,000. Net income $ Which course of action will produce the highe
Answer
See below
Explanation:
Given the above information,
1. Increase selling price by 10% with no change in total variable costs or variable cost
Net income = Sales - Variable cost - Fixed cost -
10% increase in selling price = $325,000 × 10% = $357,500
Net profit = $357,500 - $212,000 - $70,400
Net profit = $75,100
2. Reduce variable costs to 60% of sales
Variable costs = $325,000 × 60% = $195,000
Net profit = Sales - Variable costs - Fixed costs
Net profit = $325,000 - $195,000 - $70,400
Net profit = $59,600
3. Reduce fixed costs by $18,000
Net profit = Sales - Variable costs - Fixed costs
Net profit = $325,000 - $212,000 - $18,000
Net profit = $95,000