Answer:
To respond to a chemical signal, a cell must have a receptor to which the signaling molecule can bind. Receptors are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane or located within the cell. They have a specific shape that allows them to bind to specific signaling molecules, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. When a signaling molecule binds to its receptor, it triggers a response within the cell, such as a change in the activity of certain enzymes or the expression of specific genes. This process is known as signal transduction and is an important way that cells can communicate and respond to their environment.
Explanation:
Why does a DNA point mutation not always cause a change in a protein quizlet?
There will be no change in protein structure if a point mutation alters the codon yet the new codon still codes for the same amino acid.
Mutations can arise from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infections. Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and sickle cell disease are all caused by genetic mutations. Other mutations can develop spontaneously at any time in a person's life. They have only a small effect on a small number of cells.
Point mutations occur in the genome when a base pair is added, deleted, or changed. Although most point mutations are harmless, they can have a number of functional effects, such as alterations in gene expression or changes in coding proteins. Sometimes genetic variations (also called mutations) prevent one or more proteins from working properly. By changing the instructions of a gene to make a protein, a variant can cause the protein to malfunction or not be produced.
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What disease causes arteriosclerosis?
High blood pressure: Over time, high blood pressure can harm the lining of the arteries, causing plaque to accumulate. Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can harm the arteries' inner layers and lead to the formation of plaque. High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels raise your chances of developing the metabolic syndrome.
A common ailment called atherosclerosis arises when a sticky material called plaque accumulates inside your arteries. The most common reason for mortality in the US is a condition related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis affects almost 50% of Americans between the ages of 45 and 84, yet many are unaware of it.
Endothelial dysfunction, the development of a lipid layer or fatty streak inside the intima, migration of leukocytes and smooth muscle cells into the artery wall, the production of foam cells, and the breakdown of extracellular matrix are the five main stages of atherosclerosis.
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What organelle does rough ER have which smooth ER does not have?
Rough ER have ribosomes which smooth ER does not have.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a series of connected flattened sacs that form part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and play an important role in protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum can be smooth or rough, and its function is generally to produce proteins that allow the rest of the cell to function. Ribosomes, which are small, round organelles that make proteins, are found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in a variety of metabolic processes. It produces lipids, phospholipids (as found in plasma membranes), and steroids. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that secrete these products, such as those found in the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands.
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Which intervention is the priority for a patient with renal calculi?
Strong masses of stones called renal calculi are accumulated in the kidneys or bladder.
The kidneys would be overworked with the excretion of extra calcium when there is an excess of calcium in the blood as a result of hyperparathyroidism. Kidney stone formation is caused by the presence of excess calcium in the kidney and urine.
An end-stage renal disease patient's heart monitor shows frequent PVCs. The most important intervention is: Dial the doctor right away. IV lidocaine to the patient Prepare the patient for defibrillation. Find out the patient's most recent potassium level.
As a result of the high calcium levels the kidneys excrete, persons with hyperparathyroidism would be at risk for developing renal calculi.
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What are 3 things found in plasma?
Important constituents are also present in plasma. These also include antibodies and coagulation components like albumin and fibrinogen. When you donate blood, medical personnel can remove these crucial components from your plasma.
In what does plasma exist?Plasma contains 91% to 92% water and 8% to 9% solids. Coagulants, notably fibrinogen, aid in blood clotting, which is what it mostly consists of. Two plasma proteins, albumin and globulin, help to maintain the colloidal osmotic pressure at 25 mmHg.
What three forms of plasma are there?Plasma proteins come in more than 100 different varieties, however they may be divided into three fractions: plasma albumin, plasma globulin, and fibrinogen.
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Cerebrospinal fluid enters the third ventricle of the brain by way of the
Intervertebral foramina. The opening between the spinal canal (brain) and the outside world is known as the intervertebral foramen. At all levels of the spine, situated between the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae.
The limits of the intervertebral foramen have been described using a variety of classification techniques. The nerve roots depart the spine through the intervertebral foramina, which serve as "exit pathways," and branch out to all regions of the body. Nerve signals could not get from the brain to the rest of the body without the foramen. The body would not be able to operate without nerve messages. The paravertebral space is where the thoracic nerve roots leave the intervertebral foramina.
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Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPTanswer choicesbittersweetsaltyspicysour
Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities except spicy. Actually, spiciness is not a taste at all; rather, it is a response to pain.
The tongue's unique sensation is called gustation. Papillae are a variety of structures that are raised bumps on the tongue's surface. Tastebuds with gustatory receptor cells are present in papillae and are sensitive to the chemicals in foods. The sensation of spiciness is not actually a taste; rather, it is a pain response. The food's chemicals, like capsaicin, stimulate free nerve endings in the mouth, causing a spiciness sensation similar to how the fibers would detect pain.
The gustatory receptors in the taste buds are able to independently recognize the tastes of salt, umami, and sweetness.
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Which tatement bet decribe how enzyme function in the body?
Group of anwer choice
Enzyme lower the activation energy of reaction
Enzyme are converted into product by the reaction they catalyze
One enzyme can catalyze many different reaction
An enzyme i ued once and then detroyed by the cell
The statement which best describes how enzyme function in the body is Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
Enzymes are essential components found in living things. Enzymes play a huge role in our bodies; from making ATP to processing our food, proteins assume a crucial part in keeping us alive.
Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction are known as enzymes. During the reaction, enzymes are not used up, but they can be used again.
Because enzymes are specific, the substrate on which they operate is also specific. They are not generally working on any substrate that is available.
Additionally, enzymes operate best in a specific temperature and pH range. This reach differs from one chemical to another.
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(complete question)
Which statement best describes how enzyme function in the body?
Group of answer choice
Enzyme lower the activation energy of reaction
Enzyme are converted into product by the reaction they catalyze
One enzyme can catalyze many different reaction
An enzyme i ued once and then detroyed by the cell
Bacterial infection versus intoxicationIn this case study, the main focus has been on the organism Vibrio cholerae and the toxin it produces. Many organisms are capable of producing toxins that allow for pathogenesis, while others are able to infect the host directly and cause disease. In this activity, you will place the organism in a bin based on its ability to cause an infection, an intoxication, or both.
The organism in a bin based on its ability to cause an infection-Vibrio cholerae, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, intoxication- Staphylococcus aureus.
As indicated by the data provided, "intoxication" alludes to food poisoning brought on by poisons delivered by microbes like parasites and microorganisms. An infection is when pathogens or microorganisms spread a disease to a vulnerable host. Sicknesses that can't be stopped can spread from one person to another. Furthermore, they are referred to as communicable diseases. As a consequence of this, Staphylococcus aureus causes intoxication, and Vibrio cholerae, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli cause infections.
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(complete question)
what would be advantageous for reducing genetic bottleneck effects? a. geographic isolation b. controlling the founder population c. a large, genetically diverse population d. a small, actively reproducing population e. natural disasters
c. a large, genetically diverse population is the advantages for reducing genetic bottleneck effects.
Specicide, widespread violence or purposeful culling, human population planning, and other human actions such as famine, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts can all cause population bottlenecks.
Population bottlenecks can also occur owing to genetic bottlenecks. As a result, a smaller population with less genetic variety is left to transmit genes to future generations of offspring through sexual reproduction. Such events can limit the variation in a population's gene pool.
Only when gene flow from another group happens or very slowly over time as random mutations take place, genetic diversity rises, but it still remains lower. As a result, the population becomes less resilient and less able to tolerate certain environmental changes, like a change in the climate or a change in the resources that are available.
The frequency of the more fit genes inside the gene pool is raised while the pool itself is diminished, on the other hand, if the bottleneck survivors are those with the highest genetic fitness.
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What is the formula for the growth rate constant k?
The continuous exponential model is sometimes referred to as P(t) = P0ekt. The rate of continuous development (or decay) is denoted by the constant k. The growth rate in the equation P(t) = P0bt is r = b 1. Sometimes the growth factor is used to refer to the constant b.
What is k, the growth rate constant?The number of generations (n) per unit of time (k) represents the average growth rate (t). k = n / t. It is typically represented in terms of generations per hour for microorganisms.
How is the growth rate constant, k, calculated?What is the most plausible explanation for the last point's inconsistency with the others? There are only a few nutrients in the growing medium. Bacterial growth cannot continue in an exponential manner.
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Lab report 25-Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (Kirby-Bauer Method) Your results and observations: Record your results in the table (S-sensitivi intermediate, R = resistant) Paties Patient X Patient B Zone Result AS Result Zone Result Antibiotic Code (mm) S/I/ R Cm S/\/R (mm) 5/1/R Penicillin P-10 gam Erythromycin E-15 Tetracycline TE-30 Kanamycin K-30 23 Domm 21mm Streptomycin S-10 Gentamicin GM-10 Bacitracin B-10 Vancomycin VA-30 Chloramphenieel LC-30 nterpretation & Questions: 1. Based on your results, which patient's infection appears to be the most difficult to treat? Why? 2. With which antibiotic should Patient S be treated? 3. Which 2 antibiotics appear to have the most similar spectra of activity (be effective or not on the same organism)? 4. With which antibiotic should Patient X be treated? 5. In preparing your plate for testing, you spread the inoculum first in one direction, then in another, and finally in a third direction. Why was it important to spread the inoculum in this manner?
In the Kirby-Bauer test, bacteria are spread out over a solid growth media plate, and then antibiotic wafers (seen as white disks) are added to the plate.
What is Kirby Bauer Test?Areas of clear media surrounding the disks show that the antibiotic prevents bacterial growth after allowing the germs to develop overnight. As you get further from the source, less antibiotic is diffused into the media at a given concentration.
Therefore, the size of the clear bacterium-free zone that develops around the disk holding the antibiotic increases with the sensitivity of the bacteria to a certain antibiotic. (Commons; accessed through Wikipedia)
The antibiotic discs are layered on top of the bacterium that has been swabbed onto the agar. The further the antibiotic travels from the disc into the agar, the less it diffuses.
Therefore, In the Kirby-Bauer test, bacteria are spread out over a solid growth media plate, and then antibiotic wafers (seen as white disks) are added to the plate.
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PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!!
Which part of the nervous system is outside the brain and spinal cord?
____nervous system
Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
____nervous system
1) peripheral nervous system
2) central nervous system
Fertilization usually occurs in the
Group of answer choices
vagina
uterus
fallopian tubes
ovaries
Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization happens when a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in the fallopian tube.
Where does fertilization usually occur?After sperm is released into the female reproductive tract, the motile sperms swim through the vagina to the cervix, then to the uterus, and finally to the fallopian tube. The fallopian tube is divided into three sections: the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus. The infundibulum is a funnel-shaped portion of the fallopian tube with finger-like projections known as fimbriae along its edges. The ampulla is the larger part of the fallopian tube following the infundibulum. The isthmus is a narrow region of the fallopian tube that connects the fallopian tube to the uterus. Sperm moves from the isthmus to the ampulla. The fimbriae of the infundibulum collect the egg. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube's ampullary region.To learn more about fallopian tubes refer :
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Answer:
fallopian tubes!!
Match each description with the correct level of protein structure. The overall shape of a chain of amino acids Not all proteins have this level of organization Results when R groups move toward or away from water. Coil or sheet arising from chemical attractions among amino acids Localized three-dimensional structures Determines all other levels of protein structure Amino acid sequence Interactions between multiple chains of amino acids
Tertiary protein structure is the overall three-dimensional shape involving interactions between various amino acids and their side groups.
What is protein?Protein has been made up of amino acids. These amino acids when joins together and make a polypeptide chain that makes the primary structure of the protein.
When this primary polypeptide chain becomes slightly compact and coiled by making hydrogen bond then it is called the secondary structure of the protein. The tertiary structure of a protein is the overall three-dimensional arrangement of the polypeptide chain which is generally stabilized.
Therefore, Tertiary protein structure is the overall three-dimensional shape involving interactions between various amino acids and their side groups.
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What type of asexual reproduction is snail?
Type of asexual reproduction in snail is : During a process known as parthenogenesis, cell division allows unfertilized female gamete to develop without auto- or sexual fertilization. This results in an exact replica of parent snail.
What is asexual reproduction in snails?Some hermaphrodite snails do not need another snail to reproduce, but can produce more snails all by themselves and this is called asexual reproduction. Whereas, other snails are hermaphrodites but still need another snail to reproduce and this is called sexual reproduction.
Water snails are hermaphroditic and they reproduce asexually. Pond snails can also reproduce sexually and lay jellylike masses of eggs under water on plants and on the sides of the aquarium.
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What is the relationship between DNA chromosomes genes and nucleotides?
DNA is made up of chromosomes, which are made up of genes, which are made up of nucleotides.
What is DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. It is made up of two strands of nucleotides, which are linked together in a specific sequence. The sequence of these nucleotides contains information about the organism, including how it looks, how it functions, and how it develops.
What are Genes?
Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for producing proteins or RNA molecules that are necessary for the development and functioning of an organism. The genetic code contained within genes is used to determine the characteristics of an organism and is passed down from parent to offspring.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, and they come in four different varieties called adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for the production of proteins, which are the building blocks of an organism. Chromosomes contain hundreds or even thousands of genes and are made up of both DNA and proteins.
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What are two identical genes called?
For each given genes site where such variation exists, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. If the two alleles are identical, the person is homozygous for that allele. If the alleles vary, the person is heterozygous.
Diploid refers to the existence of two full sets of chromosomes in the cells of an organism, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair. Humans are diploid, with 23 chromosomal pairs in the majority of cells.
Alleles are genes that match; one from our biological mother and one from our biological father. Every gene has two copies (strings of code that drive some biological function on our chromosomes).
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What part of the cell organizes DNA?
The nucleus of the cell organizes DNA. The nucleus contains structures resembling threads; Chromosomes are the more compact form of these structures.
In a eukaryotic cell, the most obvious organelle is the nucleus. It houses the cell's chromosomes and is where practically all DNA replication and RNA union happens. The nuclear envelope, a membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, is spherical in shape. In their nuclei, each cell has a nearly identical copy of our DNA. However, because DNA molecules can stretch to a length of more than six feet, they are packed and arranged in a very specific way to fit in the tiny nucleus. Before cell division takes place, centrioles help organize the chromosomes, ensuring that each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes.
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What process is used to break down molecules?
Large molecules (such polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins) are broken down into smaller components during catabolism. The breakdown process in metabolism is called catabolism, and the synthesis process is called anabolism.
What is the name of the procedure where molecules are broken down?Complex compounds are broken down during catabolism. Glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are broken down from complex molecules during catabolism to create substrates for metabolic pathways. The two primary processes that make up metabolism are anabolism and catabolism.
How are molecules disassembled?Dehydration synthesis reactions build up molecules while hydrolysis reactions break down molecules and often release energy. These kinds of reactions allow for the synthesis and degradation of nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
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1. According to the text, what is cross-training? A. doing two or more different types of exercise in one workout B. doing two or more of the same type of exercise in one workout C. doing the same exercise in many workouts throughout the week D. doing two or more different exercises that make muscles stronger
Answer:
A. doing two or more different types of exercise in one workout
Explanation:
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Corals, the basic structures of coral reefs, are affected by the increasing acidity (decreasing pH) of the oceans. When the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide reacts with water and other substances to form carbonic acid. This process uses substances in the ocean that corals use to build their skeletons. So, the more carbon dioxide there is in the ocean, the harder it is for corals to build their skeletons. Ocean acidification can also destroy existing coral reefs.
1. Conduct research to learn more about your proposed solutions. Be sure to look up information about cost, safety, reliability, and social or cultural implications when applicable. What are the pros of each solution? What are the cons of each solution?
2. Which solution would be better to implement? Justify your answer.
3. What sources did you use?
The answers include the following:
The proposed solutions to ocean acidification is by prompt action on climate change and the use of fossil fuels should also be reduced and minimized to the barest minimum.The cost is low and it has a high safety level with no social or cultural implications.The solution which would be better to implement is prompt action on climate change and the internet was used as a source.What is Climate change?This is referred to as long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns which has occurred due to human activities and its impact on the ecosystem.
Ocean acidification is a reduction in the pH of the ocean due to the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere.This can be tackled by the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ,methane etc in various sectors and it is the better solution in the control of ocean acidification due to it solving other issues such as global warming etc.
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PLEASE HELP
question 1
Kinetic energy is described as
O elastic
O decreasing energy
O movement
O stored energy
question 2
Kinetic energy depends on
O density and volume
O position and height
O heat and pressure
O mass and speed
question 3
If two trucks are moving at the same speed but truck A has a mass of 3,000 kg,. And truck B has a mass of 4,500 kg which statement is true?
O truck B will have a greater stopping distance
O Truck A will have a greater stopping distance
O Truck B has less kinetic energy
O Truck A has a greater kinetic energy
Question 4
If you throw a ball straight up into the air when is the kinetic energy the greatest?
O half the distance on this path traveling up in the air
O half the distance on ten path is traveling back down
O right before you catch it after it falls back down
O when the ball reached the highest point and stops briefly
Question 5
When is the kinetic energy of a pendulum the least?
O half the distance on the path traveling back down
O at the bottom of the swing
O at the top of the swim bc where it briefly stops before changing directions
O on the path beginning the upward swing
Answer:
Explanation:
1-movement
2-mass and speed
3-truck B will have a greater stopping distance
4-half the distance on ten path is traveling back down
5-at the top of the swim bc where it briefly stops before changing directions
Organelle in plants that uses light energy to make glucose in a process called photosynthesis
Answer:
The plant organelle that uses light energy to produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis is called a chloroplast.
Cloning of entire plants from cuttings demonstrates that Select one:
O genetic information is lost during plant development.
O differentiated cells may contain embryonic mRNAs.
O plants can reverse the differentiation process.
O genetic information is retained in mature plant cells. Clear my choice s page
Cells of mature plants maintain their genetic information.
Comment:- Mature plant cells maintain all of the genetic data required to complete the procedures of producing new individual plants.
Cloning is a method of vegetatively propagating plants in which a piece of the original plant's stem or root is placed in an appropriate substrate.
Because you are essentially developing a clone of the stock plant when you take cuttings, they will always result in plants that are exactly like it.
cellular genetic material from plants
Although chloroplasts and mitochondria also house some DNA, the majority of it is found in the nucleus of plant cells. When compared to nuclear DNA, the organization and inheritance patterns of this organellar DNA are very different.
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What does the regulatory protein bind to?
Regulatory proteins are generally bind to small molecules which possess the ability to make protein active or inactive by altering its capability to bind DNA.
Regulatory proteins are also known as gene-regulatory proteins which influences the regions of a DNA (De-oxy ribonucleic acid) molecule and during the process of transcription, they are transcribed by the RNA polymerase. These proteins are responsible for helping in the control of the production of protein synthesis in the cell. In a huge diversity of organisms, we have identified thousands of regulatory proteins. Each of these possess a unique feature and they attach to DNA ad homodimers or heterodimers and identify the DNA through a minor structure.
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Do viruses have nucleic acid?
Yes, the virus have the nucleic acid as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
What are the evidences of occurrence of viruses?The earliest evidence for the occurrence of viruses was the discovery of an infectious agent in the sap of a tobacco plant. Experiments were set with different filters from which bacteria could pass but viruses being even smaller than bacteria could not pass.
Viruses were difficult to study because they are very small and couldn't be seen even under a microscope.Wendell Stanley made his studies on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
Therefore,Yes, the virus have the nucleic acid as the virus is considered an exception to the cell theory because the virus contains genetic material but no organelles.
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which part of the world was the last area colonized by the initial expansion of homo sapiens?
The Australian continent was the last area colonized by the initial expansion of Homosapiens
Between 200,000 to 300,000 years ago, Homosapiens, the first modern humans, developed from their early hominid forefathers. They acquired the ability to communicate some 50,000 years ago.
Around 70,000-100,000 years ago, the first modern people began to leave Africa.
Migrations proceeded down the Asian coast to Southeast Asia and Oceania, eventually colonizing Australia 65,000-50,000 years ago. Molecular clock estimations, genetic investigations, and archaeological evidence all indicate that modern people first colonized Sahul and Australia approximately 48,000-50,000 years ago. A substantial number of archaeological sites dating back more than 30,000 years have been unearthed in recent decades.
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Which of the following is the smallest?
Quit Separation PAGE Fractions Help pH -01 6 7 00- 9 1 I 80K - 60K - 50K - 40K - 30K - M 20K - 15K- • 10K - 5K- 2D - PAGE of initial mixture Quit Separation PAGE Fractions Help pH 5 6 ~ N- 00- 9 1 1 1 80K - 60K - 50K 40K 30K - M 20KW 15K 10K 5K Using antibody to protein 4 Quit Separation PAGE Fractions Help Purification of protein 4 from Default Mixture Method Protein (mg) Enzyme (Units) Yield (%) Enrich Initial 511.0 7000.0 100.0 1.0 Records of subsequent purification steps will be added here. Cost (h/1000) 0 Protein 4 The enzymic activity of protein 4 is stable for several hours at temperatures up to 40°C and at pH values between 4.5 and 10. OK
This appears to be a record of a separation and purification process for a protein called "protein 4" using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and an antibody.
What is polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis?Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a method for separating and purifying different molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, based on their size and charge. It involves placing a sample in a well on a gel made of polyacrylamide, which is a type of polymer. An electric current is then applied to the gel, which causes the molecules to move towards the opposite charge.
Smaller molecules move more quickly through the gel than larger molecules, so they end up further down the gel. After the separation is complete, the different molecules can be visualized and collected. PAGE is often used in research and diagnostic laboratories to purify and analyze proteins and nucleic acids.
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