True/ False – Economic theories of exchange rate determination – section 11 – 4 is an important concept and will be on the upcoming exam.

The conventional policy tools available to the Fed include the discount rate, target federal funds rate range, and reserve requirement. The currency-to-deposit ratio is not a conventional policy tool used by the Fed.

The conventional policy tools available to the Fed include each of the following, except the: a. currency-to-deposit ratio.

The other options (b. discount rate, c. target federal funds rate range, and d. reserve requirement) are all conventional policy tools used by the Federal Reserve.

The currency deposit ratio (CDR) measures how much of the public's total wealth is held in physical currency compared to bank deposits. It is a crucial sign of the economy's liquidity situation.

CDR is a measurement of how much cash individuals have in comparison to how much they have in bank accounts. It is computed by dividing the total quantity of bank deposits by the total amount of money in circulation. The CDR is a crucial indication of the economy's liquidity since it shows how inclined individuals are to put their money in banks as opposed to in cash.

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an increase in oil prices from $54.63 per barrel to $92.93 per barrel would generally cause a supply shock. This is because higher oil prices make it more expensive for businesses to produce goods and services, leading to a decrease in the supply of these products.

An increase in oil prices would typically cause a supply shock, as it becomes more expensive for businesses to produce and distribute goods, which can lead to higher prices for consumers. However, it could also cause a demand shock if the increased prices result in consumers reducing their consumption of oil and related products. Ultimately, the impact of the price increase on supply and demand would depend on various factors, including the specific industries and markets involved, as well as the overall economic conditions at the time.

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Answer:

Adam Smith

Explanation:

The intersection of the supply and demand curves would establish the equilibrium wage and quantity in the absence of a union.

If no union existed in a market, the equilibrium wage and quantity would be determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves. The equilibrium wage is the wage at which the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded, and the equilibrium quantity is the quantity of labor exchanged at that wage. Therefore, the equilibrium wage and quantity in this market would be determined by the relative bargaining power of employers and employees and other market factors that influence supply and demand.

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Based on the information provided, the firm is likely operating in a monopolistically competitive market, where the firm has some control over the price due to product differentiation but faces competition from other firms in the market. The correct option is(a).

Based on the information provided in the table, we can determine that the output level is being determined where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC). At output level 4, the marginal cost is $16 and the marginal revenue is also $16. At output level 5, the marginal cost is $21 and the marginal revenue is also $16.In a purely competitive market, firms are price takers and sell their output at the market price. Therefore, the marginal revenue would be equal to the market price and would remain constant regardless of the quantity produced, unlike the data presented in the table.

In a monopolistic market, firms have some control over the price of their output due to product differentiation. Therefore, the marginal revenue would decline as the quantity produced increases, unlike the data presented in the table where marginal revenue remains constant.In an oligopolistic market, firms can affect the market price through collusion or strategic decision-making. However, the information in the table does not provide any evidence of the behavior of other firms in the market, so we cannot determine if this is an oligopolistic market.

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Answer:

I would go with B

Explanation:

Job analysis I think is like a performance evaluation.

These laws typically do: a. They encourage firms to invest more in research and development in order to boost technology.

Policymakers in the U.S. government aim to encourage growth in per capita real GDP through various laws that target key economic aspects.

These laws generally focus on three strategies:

a. Encouraging firms to invest in research and development, which helps boost technological advancements, increasing productivity and overall economic growth.

b. Promoting individual savings to enhance the physical capital stock, which provides businesses with the necessary resources for expansion and innovation, contributing to GDP growth.

c. Motivating individuals to invest in education to augment the stock of human capital, as a more skilled and knowledgeable workforce can drive improvements in productivity and economic performance.

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1. The company's contribution margin ratio is 30%. 2.If the company can increase sales volume by 675 units and total sales by $2,700, the estimated change in the company's net operating income would be a decrease of $37,890.

1.The contribution margin ratio is the percentage of each sales dollar that is available to cover fixed costs and contribute to profit after variable costs have been covered. It can be calculated as follows:

CM ratio = (Total Sales - Total Variable Expenses) / Total Sales

In this case:

CM ratio = ($152,000 - $106,400) / $152,000

CM ratio = $45,600 / $152,000

CM ratio = 0.3 or 30%

Therefore, the company's contribution margin ratio is 30%.

2. To calculate the estimated change in the company's net operating income, we can use the following formula:

Estimated Change in Net Operating Income = (Contribution Margin x Additional Sales) - Additional Fixed Costs

First, we need to calculate the contribution margin per unit:

Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit

Contribution Margin per Unit = ($152,000 / 38,000 units) - ($106,400 / 38,000 units)

Contribution Margin per Unit = $4 - $2.80

Contribution Margin per Unit = $1.20

Next, we can calculate the additional contribution margin from the increased sales:

Additional Contribution Margin = Contribution Margin per Unit x Additional Sales

Additional Contribution Margin = $1.20 x 675 units

Additional Contribution Margin = $810

Finally, we can calculate the estimated change in net operating income:

Estimated Change in Net Operating Income = (Contribution Margin x Additional Sales) - Additional Fixed Costs

Estimated Change in Net Operating Income = ($1.20 x 675 units) - $38,700

Estimated Change in Net Operating Income = $810 - $38,700

Estimated Change in Net Operating Income = -$37,890

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Capital budgeting, capital structure decisions, and working capital management.

Capital budgeting, capital structure decisions, and working capital management. Capital budgeting involves making decisions about long-term investments, while capital structure decisions involve determining the appropriate mix of debt and equity financing for a company. Working capital management focuses on managing a company's short-term assets and liabilities. These three issues are crucial for effective finance and capital management. The correct answer is A)

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We can calculate the gain on the sale of raisin and plumacre, but we don't have enough information to calculate the gain on prune.

Based on the information provided, it seems that there was a transaction involving two real properties - a raisin and plumacre with a fair market value of $144,000 and a basis of $132,000, and a prune with an unknown fair market value and basis.

Assuming that the transaction involved a sale of the raisin and plumacre to a third party, we can calculate the gain that prune recognizes as follows:

Total sale price of raisin and plumacre = $144,000
Total basis of raisin and plumacre = $132,000
Gain on sale of raisin and plumacre = $144,000 - $132,000 = $12,000

Since prune received a portion of the $48,000 basis in the original transaction, we need to determine what portion of that basis was allocated to prune. Without additional information, it's impossible to know for sure. However, if we assume that the basis was split evenly among the three properties, then prune's share of the basis would be $16,000 ($48,000 / 3).

To calculate the gain that prune recognizes, we would subtract prune's basis from the amount received in the transaction. However, we don't know the fair market value or sale price of prune, so we can't calculate the gain at this time.

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Nonmonetary collaborator incentives does not include buyback guarantees. Therefore, the correct answer is c. buyback guarantees.

Nonmonetary collaborator incentives are incentives that are not in the form of money but are designed to motivate and reward collaborators for their efforts. Examples of nonmonetary incentives include contests, bonus merchandise, off-invoice incentives, and sales support and training. These incentives can help build loyalty and foster a sense of partnership between the company and its collaborators.

However, buyback guarantees are not typically considered a nonmonetary collaborator incentive. A buyback guarantee is a type of guarantee offered by a company that promises to repurchase a product from the customer under certain circumstances. This type of guarantee is designed to reduce the risk for the customer and increase their confidence in the product, but it is not an incentive offered to collaborators.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

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To produce a confidence interval with a smaller margin of error than the given 90% confidence interval Obtain the balances of 100 credit card holders rather than 25. The correct answer is option b.

The margin of error of a confidence interval is affected by several factors, including the sample size, the level of confidence, and the variability of the data.

To produce a confidence interval with a smaller margin of error than the given 90% confidence interval, we need to increase the sample size or decrease the level of confidence.

Increasing the sample size will generally decrease the margin of error, assuming the variability of the data remains constant. Therefore, this option is likely to produce a confidence interval with a smaller margin of error than the given 90% confidence interval.

Option (a) suggests obtaining the balances of only five credit card holders rather than 25. Decreasing the sample size is likely to increase the margin of error, making this option less desirable.

Option (c) suggests computing a 99% confidence interval rather than a 90% confidence interval. Increasing the level of confidence will increase the margin of error, making this option less desirable.

Therefore, the correct answer is (b) Obtain the balances of 100 credit card holders rather than 25, because increasing the sample size will generally decrease the margin of error.

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The average variable cost of producing 20 units of output is $30. Therefore, the correct option is C.

The given cost function is C = 100 + 10Q + Q^2. It is required to determine the average variable cost (AVC) of producing 20 units of output.

To find the average variable cost (AVC), follow these steps:

1. First, find the variable cost (VC).

In this case, the variable cost is the part of the cost function that depends on the quantity Q, which is 10Q + Q^2.

2. Substitute Q = 20 into the variable cost formula:

VC = 10(20) + (20)^2 = 200 + 400 = 600.

3. Calculate the average variable cost by dividing the variable cost by the quantity of output:

AVC = VC/Q = 600/20 = 30.

So, based on the given cost function, the average variable cost of producing 20 units of output is $30 which corresponds to option C.

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The following variables are listed as qualitative or quantitative.

a. Gender is a qualitative variable as it refers to a characteristic or attribute of an individual that cannot be quantified.

b. Salary is a quantitative variable as it can be measured and expressed in numerical values.

c. Class designation is a qualitative variable as it is a categorical classification.

d. Education level is a qualitative variable as it refers to a categorical classification of an individual's educational attainment.

e. Sales is a quantitative variable as it can be measured and expressed in numerical values.

f. Temperature is a quantitative variable as it can be measured and expressed in numerical values.

g. Make of a car is a qualitative variable as it refers to a categorical classification of a car's manufacturer.

h. Height is a quantitative variable as it can be measured and expressed in numerical values.

i. Season of the year is a qualitative variable as it refers to a categorical classification of time periods.

j. Advertising expenditure is a quantitative variable as it can be measured and expressed in numerical values.

k. Type of advertising is a qualitative variable as it refers to a categorical classification of advertising methods.

l. Store location is a qualitative variable as it refers to a categorical classification of physical locations.

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Yellowday Energy's projected annual net income is $1.5 million.

To calculate the net income for Yellowday Energy, we need to use the formula: Net Income = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Operating Expenses - Taxes We have been given the margin and turnover figures for the company, but we do not have the cost of goods sold or operating expenses. Therefore, we cannot calculate the net income with the given information. However, we can use the margin and sales figures to calculate the cost of goods sold: Cost of Goods Sold = Sales x (1 - Margin) Cost of Goods Sold = $50 million x (1 - 0.03) Cost of Goods Sold = $48.5 million Now, we can estimate the net income by assuming that the operating expenses and taxes are equal to 10% of the sales: Operating Expenses + Taxes = 0.1 x $50 million = $5 million Net Income = $50 million - $48.5 million - $5 million Net Income = $1.5 million Therefore, the estimated net income for Yellowday Energy for the year is $1.5 million.

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Yellowday Energy's projected annual net income is $1.5 million.

To calculate the net income for Yellowday Energy, we need to use the formula: Net Income = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold - Operating Expenses - Taxes We have been given the margin and turnover figures for the company, but we do not have the cost of goods sold or operating expenses. Therefore, we cannot calculate the net income with the given information. However, we can use the margin and sales figures to calculate the cost of goods sold: Cost of Goods Sold = Sales x (1 - Margin) Cost of Goods Sold = $50 million x (1 - 0.03) Cost of Goods Sold = $48.5 million Now, we can estimate the net income by assuming that the operating expenses and taxes are equal to 10% of the sales: Operating Expenses + Taxes = 0.1 x $50 million = $5 million Net Income = $50 million - $48.5 million - $5 million Net Income = $1.5 million Therefore, the estimated net income for Yellowday Energy for the year is $1.5 million.

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Glen Pool Club, Inc., has an installment loan A). The original balance would be $144,000 divided by 12, which equals $12,000. B) Credit - Cash: $1,481, C) The interest charged each month will also decrease.

A. The original balance of the loan is not provided in the question. However, assuming it was a 12-month loan, the original balance would be $144,000 divided by 12, which equals $12,000. The amortization table would show the monthly payments, the interest portion of each payment, the reduction in the loan balance, and the new balance after each payment.

For example:

Month   Payment    Interest    Principal  Balance
1           $1,481        $720          $761          $11,239
2           $1,481        $677          $804          $10,435

B. The journal entry to record the second monthly payment would be:

Debit - Interest Expense: $677
Debit - Loan Payable: $804
Credit - Cash: $1,481

C. The monthly interest will decrease over the life of the loan. As the loan balance decreases, the interest charged each month will also decrease. This is because interest is calculated as a percentage of the outstanding balance.

Therefore, as the outstanding balance decreases, the interest charged each month will also decrease.

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Yes, foreign financial institutions like Eurobanks in Europe, the Caribbean, or the euro zone can accept deposits made in dollars.

Yes, dollar deposits can be accepted by financial institutions the United States, such as Eurobanks located in Europe, the Caribbean, or the euro zone. These deposits are known as Eurodollars. Additionally, Eurobanks can also extend short-to medium-term loans of Eurocurrency, known as Eurocredits, to organizations such as sovereign governments, nonprime banks, or international corporations. Companies that offer financial services to clients include financial institutions. Clients include people, businesses, and governments. Through the facilitation of financial transactions, risk management, and the provision of financial guidance and support, these institutions play a significant role in the economy.

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The correct journal entry for the cash payment made by Farrell, Inc. is option A, which includes debiting land for $118,100, debiting land improvement for $36,200, and crediting cash for $154,300. The correct option is B.

The total cost of the land and improvements is $154,300, which is the sum of the $100,000 note payable for the land and the additional cash payments made for title insurance, commission, demolition, grading, paving, fencing, and lighting.

The cost of the land improvement is the total amount paid for all the additional expenses incurred to prepare the land for its intended use. By debiting both the land and land improvement accounts, the entry correctly reflects the full cost of the land acquisition and improvements made to it.

It is important to accurately record all expenses related to the acquisition of land and improvements in order to properly value the company's assets and maintain accurate financial statements.

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There were listed seven economic factors that affect the price of transportation. There are eight of them: handling, liability, market, stowability, weight, and density. Discuss how each aspect will affect determining a freight rate for a particular goods.

In conclusion, a number of factors, including supply, demand, the interplay between supply and demand, and the cost of land, affect the cost of transportation. Transport companies can better manage their pricing strategies to stay competitive in the market by being aware of these aspects. Demand and supply are the main factors affecting transportation costs. Last but not least, transportation makes it feasible for a producer to access a wide range of markets.

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it turns out that the technology exhibits decreasing returns to scale for all values of q greater than approximately 4.126 units of output.

The range of output where this technology exhibits decreasing returns to scale can be found by examining the relationship between the output elasticity of total cost and the scale of production. In this case, the output elasticity of total cost is given by the formula E(q) = q*c'(q)/c(q), where c'(q) is the derivative of the cost function with respect to q.

If E(q) is greater than 1, the technology exhibits increasing returns to scale; if it is less than 1, it exhibits decreasing returns to scale; and if it is equal to 1, it exhibits constant returns to scale.

Taking the derivative of the cost function, c'(q) = 40 - [tex]20q^2 - 3q^2[/tex], and substituting it into the output elasticity formula, we get:

E(q) = q*([tex]40 - 20q^2 - 30q^2)/(40q - 10q^2 - q^3)[/tex]

Simplifying this expression, we get:

E(q) = 40[tex]q^2/(40q - 10q^2 - q^3)[/tex]

To find the range of output where the technology exhibits decreasing returns to scale, we need to find the range of output where E(q) is less than 1. This can be done numerically or graphically, by plotting E(q) and looking for the range of values where it is less than 1.

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Menu is the correct choice among the available options for implementing the generic strategies for differentiation.

Even though all of these elements are necessary for a flawless business presentation, introducing a menu and a partnership to a company is advantageous because the menu assists in attracting customers and the location and company selection assist in retaining customers.

Nonexclusive methodology alludes to three elective strategies for a firm to situate itself seriously inside an industry: cost leadership, distinction, and concentration The idea of non exclusive procedure is first characterized by Michael Watchman in quite a while book Upper hand. A generic strategy is a general approach to a company's position within an industry.

Chiefs can zero in on the significant components of their associations' business-level procedures by zeroing in on a solitary nonexclusive methodology as opposed to contending in business sectors that are ideally serviced by other conventional systems.

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The primary benefit for the European Union (EU) of adopting the euro in 1999 was the creation of a common currency that could facilitate trade and economic integration among the member countries.

By adopting a single currency, the EU hoped to eliminate the need for currency exchange and reduce transaction costs for businesses operating across borders. This, in turn, would increase trade and investment flows, create a larger market for goods and services, and promote greater economic stability and growth. The euro also served as a symbol of the EU's political and economic unity, as it represented a significant step towards greater integration and cooperation among member countries. Additionally, the adoption of the euro helped to strengthen the EU's position in the global economy by creating a large, stable currency that could compete with other major currencies such as the US dollar and the Japanese yen. Despite the many benefits of adopting the euro, there have also been challenges and criticisms, such as concerns about the loss of national sovereignty over monetary policy and the impact of the euro on inflation and competitiveness in certain member countries.

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Becky's total utility if she buys 1 cup of coffee and 4 pieces of cake by adding up the utility values for each item. From the table provided, 1 cup of coffee has a utility value of 8, 4 pieces of cake have a utility value of 12. Therefore, Becky's total utility would be 8 + 12 = 20.

To ensure she stays within her budget of $3, Becky can calculate the total cost of her purchase by multiplying the cost of each item by the quantity purchased. 1 cup of coffee costs $1.00, and 4 pieces of cake cost $2.00. Therefore, the total cost of Becky's purchase would be $3.00, which is within her budget.

Overall, Becky's total utility for 1 cup of coffee and 4 pieces of cake would be 20, and the total cost of her purchase would be $3.00. By choosing items with high utility values, Becky can maximize her satisfaction from the purchase while staying within her budget.

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Jack Tupp Auto Repair's total stockholders' equity as of July 31 is $138,000.

To calculate Jack Tupp Auto Repair's total stockholders' equity as of July 31, we need to adjust for the expenses incurred and the sales accrued during the month.

Starting with the retained earnings of $128,000, we subtract the total expenses incurred in July:

$22,000 (salaries) + $31,000 (prepaid expenses) + $40,000 (rent) = $93,000

This leaves us with:

$128,000 - $93,000 = $35,000

We then add in the accrued sales revenue:

$35,000 + $103,000 = $138,000

Therefore, Jack Tupp Auto Repair's total stockholders' equity as of July 31 is $138,000.

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This type of innovation can give the firm a competitive advantage and allow them to establish themselves as a leader in their industry. It is important for firms to continue to innovate and differentiate themselves from competitors to stay ahead in the market.

When a firm introduces a new product or service that already exists in the market, but the firm is the first of its kind to offer it, it is considered a business innovation. This can include the introduction of a new business model, delivery method, or marketing strategy that sets the firm apart from competitors. This type of innovation can give the firm a competitive advantage and allow them to establish themselves as a leader in their industry. It is important for firms to continue to innovate and differentiate themselves from competitors to stay ahead in the market.

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Overall, the three theories have contrasting opinions regarding the elements that can cause the real GDP per person to stop increasing. Disappearing returns to capital are a major feature in both classical and neoclassical growth theories, and the latter additionally takes into account the impact of technological advancement.

Real GDP is derived by accounting for changes in the general level of economic prices in the nominal GDP, which represents the total worth of all products and services produced in a nation during a given time period. Inflation can skew the nominal GDP estimates, therefore this adjustment is required to measure changes in economic output over time accurately. Real GDP is a key indicator of an economy's health and is frequently used to gauge a nation's economic growth. A country's production of goods and services is said to be increasing when the real GDP is rising, whereas decreasing real GDP is said to be decreasing.

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Standard = (70 units * 1) = 70 hours

Deluxe = (140 - 70) = (70 hours / 2) = 35 units.

Required 1: Determine the contribution margin per machine hour for each model.

Product Contribution Margin

Standard

Deluxe

Contribution margin per unit

$50

$40

(/) Machine hours per unit

1

2

Contribution margin per machine hour

$50

$20

Step 2/3

Required 2: How many units of each model should the company produce?

Standard

Deluxe

Total

Hours dedicated to the production of each product

140

0

$140

Units produce for the most profitable sales mix

140

0

Contribution margin per unit

$50

0

Total contribution margin

$7,000

$0

$7,000

Required 3: Assume the maximum demand for the standard model is 70 units (not 600 units). How many units of each model should the company produce?

Standard

Deluxe

Total

Hours dedicated to the production of each product

70

70

140

Units produce for the most profitable sales mix

70

35

Contribution margin per unit

$50

$40

Total contribution margin

$3,500

$1,400

$4,900

Total available hours = 140 hours

Standard = (70 units * 1) = 70 hours

Deluxe = (140 - 70) = (70 hours / 2) = 35 units.

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The company's decision to invest in a new product for $574,000 is a significant investment. However, the expected 10-year service life of the product can provide significant returns.

The company needs to consider the product's potential revenue, the cost of production, and other expenses to determine its profitability. The calculation of E.P.V. (expected present value) and AE (annual equivalent) can help the company determine the product's financial viability.

The E.P.V. of $732,540 and AE of $66,617 show that the investment is expected to generate a positive return. The company needs to carefully monitor the product's performance and expenses to ensure that it remains profitable throughout its service life.

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The total cost of producing 3 units is $72, and the total cost of producing 4 units is $88. Therefore, the marginal cost of expanding production from 3 units to 4 units is $88 - $72 = $16 So the correct answer is A. $16.

The marginal cost is the additional cost of producing one more unit. To find the marginal cost of expanding production from 3 units to 4 units, we need to look at the change in total cost from producing 3 units to producing 4 units.

1. Look at the total cost for 3 units: $72.
2. Look at the total cost for 4 units: $88.                                                       3. Subtract the total cost for 3 units from the total cost for 4 units:

$88 - $72 = $16.

So, the marginal cost of expanding production from 3 units to 4 units is $16 (Option A).

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