When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the child isotope has an atomic mass of 206.
I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay. The chemical symbol for the new element is ¹³¹₅₄Xe
Fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay. The child isotope has an atomic mass of 18.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic mass number but different masses as a result of the difference in the number of neutrons in the element.
When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the equation is given below:
²¹⁰₈₄Po ---> ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb + ⁴₂He
When I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay, the equation is given below:
¹³¹₅₃I ---> ¹³¹₅₄Xe + ⁰₋₁β
When fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay, the equation is given below:
¹⁸₉F ---> ¹⁸₈O + ⁰₁β
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how many grams of water would you need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass. the total solution is 3500 grams.
325 g of water would be need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass, if the total solution is 3500 grams.
This problem is solved by using the concept of total mass percentage
Total mass percentage can be given as
Mass percentage = sum of mass percentage of elements in solution.
100% = 89% of plutonium aqueous solution by mass+ x V of water solution by mass
(100 - 89)% = x% of water solution by mass
11 % = x% of water solution by mass
mass percentage of water =( mass of water / mass of total solution) × 100
11 / 100 = mass of water / mass of total solution
mass of water =( 11/ 100) × 3500
= 325 g.
Thus, we concluded that 325 g of water would be need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass, if the total solution is 3500 grams.
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Type the correct answer in the box. Express the answer to two significant figures. Given: N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 Use the bond energies to calculate the change in enthalpy for the reaction. The enthalpy change for the reaction is [ ]kilojoules.
By using the bond energies given (picture attached) the change in enthalpy for the reaction will be -78 KJ
Bond energy of N≡N = 942 KJ/mol
Bond energy of H-H = 432 KJ/mol
Bond energy of N-H = 386 KJ/mol
Enthalpy change of the reaction = ?
Enthalpy change is the amount of heat evolved or absorbed during a chemical process.
The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃
So,
number of moles of N≡N bonds = 1
number of moles of H-H bonds = 3
number of moles of N-H bonds = 2(3) = 6
In the first step bond breakage occurs between N≡N and H-H, as bond breakage absorbed heat so we use the plus sign here. In the second step bond formation releases energy so we use the minus sign here.
Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction
Enthalpy of reaction = (1 × BE of N≡N) + (3 × BE of H-H) - (6 × BE of N-H)
BE = bond energy
Put the bond energy values
Enthalphy of reaction = (1 × 942) KJ + (3 × 432) KJ - (6 × 386 ) KJ
Enthalphy of reaction = -78 KJ
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Calculate the amount of heat neceary to raie the temperature of 47. 8 g ethylene glycol
Th amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 47.8g ethylene glycol is 47.8J.
To calculate the amount of heat transferred (q) is the product of specific heat capacity(C), mass of substance(m) and the change in temperature(ΔT).
q=m×c×ΔT
Here m=47.8g , C=1K, ΔT= 1K
q= 47.8J
What is ethylene glycol?
Ethylene glycol is a water-absorbing synthetic liquid. It has no odour and a sweet taste. Ethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of antifreeze and deicing solutions for automobiles, aeroplanes, and boats. It's also found in hydraulic brake fluids and inks used in stamp pads, ballpoint pens, and printing presses.
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How does the parathyroid gland respond if blood calcium drops below a certain level?
a) By releasing less hormone.
b) By releasing more hormone.
c) By abruptly releasing less hormone.
d) By abruptly releasing large amounts of hormone.
elements combine in three general ways. in blank compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to the other, whereas in blank compounds, electrons are shared between atoms. third, in blank bonding, electrons are shared between a large number of atoms in an electron sea.
Elements combine in three general ways. In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to the other, whereas in covalent compounds, electrons are shared between atoms. Third, in metallic bonding, electrons are shared between a large number of atoms in an electron sea.
Ionic compounds are compounds in which a free electron is transferred to another atom and a bond is formed. Ionic bonds occur in metal ions.
In liquid compounds, covalent bonds are formed. In covalent bonds, electrons are shared with each other,
The third type of bond is the metallic bond. In this type of bond, atoms are packed tightly and a free electron pool travels in between them.
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A scuba diver's tank contains 1.47 moles of 02 and 5.53 moles of He at the end
of a dive. If the pressure of the gas mixture is 12.1 atm, what is the partial
pressure of He in the tank?
2.19 atm
2.54 atm
9.56 atm
15.3 atm
The partial pressure of He in the tank, given that the tank contains 1.47 mole of O₂ and 5.53 moles of He is 9.56 atm
How do I determine the partial pressure of He?To obatin the partial pressure of He in the tank, we'll begin by obtaining the mole fraction of He in the tank. This is illustrated below:
Mole of O₂ = 1.47 mole Mole of He = 5.53 moles Total mole = 1.47 + 5.53 = 7 molesMole fraction of He =?Mole fraction of He = Mole of He / total mole
Mole fraction of He = 5.53 / 7
Mole fraction of He = 0.79
Finally, we shall determne the partial pressure of He in the tank. Details below
Mole fraction of He = 0.79Total pressure of gas mixture = 12.1 atmPartial pressure of He =?Partial pressure of He = mole fraction of He × total pressure
Partial pressure of He = 0.79 × 12.1
Partial pressure of He = 9.56 atm
Thus, we can conclude that the partial pressure of He is 9.56 atm
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Question 1-1
Which word most accurately represents a medium?
A.radio
B.sound
C.space
D.time
Answer: C.Space
Explanation:
I had this question, so it should be correct.
An atom has 29 protons, 30 neutrons, and 27 electrons. What is the mass number?
The atomic number of copper is 29, and it has the mass number 63. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number, and the number of protons and neutrons determines the mass number.
What is the mass number?The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus is known as the mass number, sometimes known as the atomic mass number or nucleon number. It is roughly equivalent to the atom's atomic mass expressed in an atomic mass unit.
It is calculated by adding the total amount of protons and neutrons. For instance, the atomic number of magnesium is 4, while the atomic number of lithium is 4, which is equal to the number of protons. Eight ( 4 + 4 ) is the mass number.
Because it indicates the mass of all the protons and neutrons in an element, the mass number of an element is designated as such. The atomic number and atomic mass of an element are often listed in periodic tables along with the chemical symbols for each element.
Thus, An atom has 29 protons, 30 neutrons, and 27 electrons has the mass number 63.
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What is the bond order for O2-?
Answer: the order is 2
Explanation:the two in 02- is the answer from now on you well know the answer for questions like this on
How many electron pairs are present in a bond between two atoms is known as the bond order. A covalent bond between two atoms has a bond order of one for all single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, quadruple bonds, and so forth.
O2 has a bond order of 2 and two unpaired electrons in its π* orbitals.
Over O2⁻, O2⁺ is more stable. Reason: O2+ has 15 electrons total, with one of those electrons in an antibonding orbital, according to the molecular orbital theory. There are 17 electrons in the case of O2 and 3 electrons are in antibonding orbitals. An unstable molecule results from having an excessive amount of electrons in antibonding orbitals.
Bond Order = (10 - 6) / 2
= 2
The O2 molecule is paramagnetic because it contains two unpaired electrons.
It possesses two unpaired electrons, and an octet can be completed with just two electrons. It doesn't have an unpaired electron because the other oxygen atom can share its two electrons with it. The molecule is described as being diamagnetic if there are no unpaired electrons. In a magnetic field, diamagnetic materials are repelled.
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Write two half‑reactions to describe each of these metal displacement reactions. Include phase symbols. Mg(s)+cobr2(aq)⟶mgbr2(aq)+co(s).
The two half reaction for the displacement reactions are the oxidation and reduction reactions.
A displacement reaction is the one where the atoms or the set of atoms is been displaced by another atom in a molecule of the compound. For example, when iron is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal. A + B-C → A-C + B.
An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that generally involves a transfer of electrons between any two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.
Mg → [tex]Mg^{2+}[/tex]+ 2e- Oxidation half reaction
[tex]Co^{2+}[/tex]+2e- → Co - Reduction half reaction
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When 0. 4g of zinc trioxocarbonate (IV) reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, zin chloride wa produced and carbon (IV) oxide evolved if the reaction took 2minute. What wa the rate of the reaction
The rate of reaction when 0. 4g of zinc trioxocarbonate (IV) reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, zin chloride was produced and carbon (IV) oxide evolved if the reaction took 2minute is 0.0016 mol/min
The rate of reaction is the time taken for product molecules to appear or the time taken for reactant molecule to be converted and the rate of reaction = mole of product formed/time taken
And the equation of the reaction is
ZnCO₃ + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
And the molar mass of zinc carbonate = 125.39 = 8g/mol
Mole of zinc carbonate converted = 0.4/125.38
Time taken = 2 min
Rate of reaction = 0.0032/2
Rate of reaction = 0.0016 mol/min
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How many grams of copper are in
3.42 moles of copper? The molar
mass of copper is 63.55 g/mol.
Explanation:
Answer : The mass of copper is 217.3 grams.
Explanation : Given,
Moles of copper = 3.42 mole
Molar mass of copper = 63.55 g/mole
Formula used :
Now put all the given values in this formula, we get:
Therefore, the mass of copper is 217.3 grams.
why are solid ionic compounds not used in batteries but liquid ionic are
Answer:
Solid ionic compounds do not have electrical conductivity because the ions are not free to move. In a liquid, the ionic compound dissociates into its respective ions.
if a sample of rock contains 0.009 percent gold by mass, how much nacn is needed to extract the gold
A particular ore employed in this study needed a concentration of 100 g/L (200 lb/st solution or 600 lb/st ore) NaCN to extract gold at a rate of over 90 percent.
In how much cyanide does gold mining take place?Since the 1970s, cyanide leaching, often known as "cyanidation," has been the main method used to extract gold. In this method, sodium cyanide is used to selectively dissolve gold from ore in a solution that contains between 100 and 500 parts per million, or 0.01% and 0.05% cyanide.
Where is cyanide most prevalent?Certain bacteria, fungus, and algae can generate cyanides. Additionally, cyanides can be found in things like tapioca, spinach, bamboo shoots, almonds, lima beans, fruit pits, and car exhaust.
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The characteristics of two unknown intermolecular forces, C and D, are compared in the table.
Intermolecular Forces
C D
Occurs between polar asymmetrical molecules Occurs between non-polar or polar symmetric molecules
Which of the following conclusions about the two intermolecular forces is correct?
a
C represents ion-dipole forces, and D represents dipole-dipole forces
b
C represents dipole-dipole forces, and D represents London dispersion forces
c
C represents London dispersion forces, and D represents ion-dipole forces
d
C represents hydrogen bonding, and D represents London dispersion forces
Answer: represents London dispersion force and B represents hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
Which organism is able to form organized patterns of behavior through the process of integration because it has ganglia?
shark
mouse
grasshopper
flatworm
Organism is able to form organized patterns of behavior through the process of integration because it has ganglia is grasshopper.
What is organism ?Any organic, living system that performs as a standalone unit is referred to as an organism. All living things are made up of cells.
Groups of multicellular animals, plants, and fungi, as well as unicellular microorganisms like protists, bacteria, and archaea, are some examples of how creatures are categorized by taxonomy.
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism are the major levels of organization in the body, going from the simplest to the most complex.
Thus, option C is correct.
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suppose one could keep the rate of growth of new grains constant and increase the rate of nucleation. would the recrystallized grain size increase or decrease? motivate your answer
the recrystallized grain size will decreases on in the recrystallization reaction.
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify chemicals. This is done by dissolving a mixture of a compound and impurities in an appropriate solvent, the desired compound or impurities can be removed from the solution, leaving the other behind.
Recrystallization does not involve a chemical reaction. In this process the crude product is simply taken into solution, and then the conditions are changed in order to allow crystals to re-form. Recrystallization produces a much purer, final product at the end.
As in the above case given if rate of Nucleation increases keeping the rate of new grains growth constant, the ratio will increase and grain size will decrease.
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which of the following statements correctly interpret the balanced chemical equation : 4HCl(aq) + MnO2(s) --> MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(g) + Cl2(g)? select all that apply
a. liquid H2O is produced in this reaction
b. HCl is a reactant in this equation
c. the MnCl2 produced is dissolved in water
d. 4.00 g of HCl reacts with 1.00 g of MnO2
e. the MnO2 used in this reaction is a solution
HCL is the reactant in this equation and the mncl2 produced dissolves in water.
The given reaction is a redox reaction. Here, Mno2 is the oxidizing agent.
Mn2 + 2e --------> MnCl2
Here, Mn goes from oxidation state +4 to oxidation state +2. Thus, Mn clearly gains electrons. Therefore, Mno2 is reduced to Mncl2 here.
Also,
2Hcl -----------> Cl2 + 2e
Here Cl from Hcl is in oxidation state -1 and after losing one electron it goes to oxidation state 0. Hence Hcl is oxidized to Cl2.
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Two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. What can you conclude about the speed of each ball based on this information? Explain.
If two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. Then the body with lighter mass have greater speed than the heavier body.
What is Kinetic motion?Kinetic energy is defined as the half of the product of massof the object and square of the velocity by which body move.
Mathematically, it may be defined as the
K. E = 1/2 × mv²
v² = 2K. E / m
Since, we noticed that velocity is inversely proportional to the mass of the body. Therefore, light body move with greater kinetic energy than the heavier body.
Thus, we concluded that two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. Then the body with lighter mass have greater speed than the heavier body.
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what is the molarity of 25 ml an acetic acid solution that contains 0.02 moles? report your answer to three decimal places.
Answer:
0.800M
Explanation:
First, convert mL to liters:
25mL x 1L/1000mL = 0.025 L
Molarity means mol/L, so divide number of mol by L:
0.02mol/0.025L = 0.8M
Add decimal places:
0.800M
The molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. The molarity of 25 ml an acetic acid solution that contains 0.02 moles is 0.8 mol L⁻¹.
What is molarity?The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. It can be represented as 'M' and the unit of molarity is mol L⁻¹. It is usually employed in a binary solution.
The equation used to calculate the molarity is:
Molarity = Number of moles of the solute / Volume of the solution in litres
Here number of moles = 0.02 moles
Here 1 L = 1000 mL
Volume = 25 ml = 0.025 L
M = 0.02 / 0.025
M = 0.8 mol L⁻¹
Thus the molarity of the solution is 0.8 mol L⁻¹.
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Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 years. If a 8.00 mg sample were stored for 112 years, what mass of 90Sr would remain?
The mass of Strontium-90 left after 112 years with an half-life of 28 years is 0.5 mg.
What is mass?Mass can be defined as the quantity of matter a body contains.
To calculate the mass of Strontium-90 left, we use the formula below.
Formula:
R' = R/([tex]2^{n/t}[/tex])............... Equation 1Where:
R' = Mass of Strontium-90 leftR = Original mass of Strontium-90n = Total time t = Half-life of Strontium-90From the question,
Given:
R = 8.00 mgt = 28 yearsn = 112 yearsSubstitute these values into equation 1
R = 8/([tex]2^{112/28}[/tex])R = 8/2⁴R = 8/16R = 0.5 mgHence, the mass of Strontium-90 left is 0.5 mg.
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gaseous ethane will react with gaseous oxygen to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water . suppose 15.3 g of ethane is mixed with 18. g of oxygen. calculate the minimum mass of ethane that could be left over by the chemical reaction. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The minimum mass of ethane that could be left over by the chemical reaction is 5.33 grams.
What is ethane?Ethane is a two-carbon alkane that which is a colorless and odorless gas. Ethane is isolated on the industrial scale from natural gas at standard temperature and pressure and as a by-product of petroleum refining.
Given mass of ethane = 15.33 grams
Mass of oxygen = 18.0 grams
We know, molar mass ethane = 30.07 g/mol
and Molar mass oxygen = 32.0 g/mol
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O
Moles of ethane = 15.33 grams / 30.07 g/mol
Moles of ethane = 0.509 moles
Moles of oxygen = 18.0 grams / 32.0 g/mol
Moles of oxygen = 0.562 moles
For 2 moles ethane ,we would need 7 moles oxygen to produce 4 moles CO2 and 6 moles H2O
Oxygen is limiting reactant and it will be consumed completely.
0.562 / 3.5 = 0.160 moles
Remaining will be- 0.509 - 0.160 = 0.349 moles
Mass of ethane = 0.349 moles * 15.3 g/mol
Remaining Mass of ethane = 5.33 grams
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Chemistry Assignment.
Naming and Writing Formulas.
Thanks in advance!
Naming and Writing Formulas
NaBr - ionic - sodium bromide
CF₄ - covalent - carbon tetrafluoride
N₂O₃ - covalent - dinitrogen trioxide
MgI₂ - ionic - magnesium iodide
KH₂PO₄ - ionic - potassium phosphate
SnO₂ - covalent - tin(iv) oxide
Fe(OH)₂ - covalent - iron(ii) hydroxide
P₄O₁₀ - covalent - phosphorous pentoxide
AuSO₄ - covalent - gold(ii) sulphate
N₂O - covalent - dinitrogen monoxide
Rb₂S - ionic - rubidium sulfide
SeF₆ - covalent - selenium hexafluoride
NaNO₃ - ionic - sodium nitrate
Al₂O₃ - ionic - aluminum oxide
SO₂ - covalent - sulfur dioxide
H₂O - covalent - dihydrogen monoxide
Mn(NO₂)₂ - ionic - magnese II nitrate
HgO - ionic - mercury II oxide
Li₃N - ionic - lithium nitride
Al₂(SO₄)₃ - ionic - aluminium sulfate
The primary function of chemical nomenclature is to ensure that a spoken or written chemical name leaves no ambiguity concerning which chemical compound the name refer to each chemical name should refer to a single substances
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if a food dye has an absorbance value of 1.00 at 598 nm when a 1.074x10-5 m sample was measured in a 1 cm cuvette, what can the dye's molar absorptivity, in m-1cm-1, be estimated as?
Each solution contains a different dye concentration in moles. Utilize your measured absorbance values and the Beer-Lambert Law equation (A = bc).
A 1 molar solution is what?In order to create a 1 molar (M) solution, 1.0 GMW of the chemical must be dissolved in 1 liter of water. 58.44 g make up a 1M solution of NaCl. Example: Enzyme histochemistry routinely employs HCl.
What does molar unit mean?The most common unit for molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, given by the unit sign mol/L or moldm3 in SI units. One molar, or 1 M, of a solution's content is defined as one mol/L.
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What conditions existed for this type of fossil to form
must be dead and must be brokin down in the exacto form It must be
4. A chemist is analyzing a sample of an unknown gas. A 0.240-gram sample of a gas has a volume of 336 mL when measured under a pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 273 °C. Find the molecular weight (molar mass
1 g is molecular weight or atomic mass of hydrogen. when a 0.240-gram sample of a gas has a volume of 336 mL when measured under a pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 273 °C
volume=336 mL
pressure= 1520 mm
temperature=546 K
given mass, m=0.240-gram
M=(molar mass
R= 8.2
PV=mRT/M
M=mRT/PV
M=1074/51072
M=1 g
The quantity of substance that makes up an element's atom is known as its atomic mass. One-twelfth of the mass of the carbon-12 atom, with an assigned atomic mass of 12 units, is expressed as a multiple of 1.992646547 1023 gram, or in other words, 1.992646547 gram. One atomic mass unit is equivalent to 1.660539040 1024 grams on this scale (amu). The atomic mass unit is sometimes referred to as the dalton in honor of English scientist John Dalton (Da).
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in the fe-fe3c system, there are a number of important temperatures and compositions to remember. what is the temperature and composition that defines the pearlite transformation?
During pearlite transformation the temperature drops down to 600 degree C and it occurs in the Eutectic point.
What is phase diagram?
Graphical representations of the phases that exist in an alloy under various temperature, pressure, or chemical composition conditions are called phase diagrams.
The graphic illustrates the necessary elements for the equilibrium of two or more phases. A site where water can coexist in three different phases at once is described as a "triple point" in the water phase diagram, for instance. This occurs at a temperature of 0.01 °C and an atmospheric pressure of 0.006.
The pearlite transformation happens when the temperature changes from 675 degree C to 600 degree C. The point where which the transformation occurs is called as Eutectic point.
Eutectic point - A junction of several phases is known as a eutectic point. In the iron-carbon alloy diagram, the intersection of lines A1, A3, and ACM is known as the eutectic point. These points happened to develop at the same time.
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calculate the amount of heat needed to boil of octane (), beginning from a temperature of . be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits.'
The amount of heat needed is 85.0 kJ.
Melting point determination is the most commonly used thermal analysis to characterize solid crystalline materials. It is used in R&D and quality control in various industries to identify solid crystalline substances and to ensure their purity. The heat capacity ratio is calculated by dividing the heat capacity at constant pressure by the heat capacity at constant volume.
Calculation
mass = 111g
temperature = 25.1⁰C.
Heat = msT
= 85.0 kJ.
Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin. The enthalpy change is given and the symbol indicates the enthalpy change. The heat of formation and heat of reaction are two forms of enthalpy. The boiling points of liquids can be determined using the capillary method. In this method a reverse capillary tube is placed in the liquid of interest and the liquid is heated.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
Calculate the amount of heat needed to boil 111 g of octane (C8H18), beginning from a temperature of 25.1⁰C. be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits.
Draw the structure of the major organic product formed in the reaction of 1−methylcyclohexene with bromine in water.
The product form in the reaction of 1−methylcyclohexene with Bromine in water is trans-2-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol.
The molecular formula is C7H13BrO.
The Molecular Weight is 193.08200.
Synonyms of the product formed are as follow:
-2c-bromo-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)
trans-2-bromo-1-methylcylohexanol
1-Methyl-2trans-brom-cyclohexanol
trans-2-bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol
-2c-Brom-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)
For the structure check the image.
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name each of the four quantum numbers and tell what property of orbitals or electrons each describes
The each of the four quantum numbers and property of orbitals or electrons each describes are :
principle quantum number - energy levelangular quantum number - sub shell shapemagnetic quantum number - orientation spin quantum number - electron spin1) Principle quantum number : the principle denoted by, n. the principle quantum number describes the energy level of electrons. like 3d subshell , n= 3
2) angular quantum number : angular quantum number describes the shape of the sub shell. example , l = 0,1,2,3..... s,p,d,f
3) magnetic quantum number , ml : describes the orientation of the orbitals. for l = 1 . ml = -1 0 +1
4) spin quantum number ms: describes the spin of the electrons. there are two possible value of spin quantum number . ms = + 1/2 for up and ms = - 1/2 for down spin.
Thus, The each of the four quantum numbers and property of orbitals or electrons each describes are :
principal quantum number - energy levelangular quantum number - sub shell shapemagnetic quantum number - orientation spin quantum number - electron spinTo learn more about quantum number here
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