Answer:
Explanation:
Capsules and slime layers
Many bacterial cells secrete some extracellular material in the form of a capsule or a slime layer. A slime layer is loosely associated with the bacterium and can be easily washed off, whereas a capsule is attached tightly to the bacterium and has definite boundaries. Capsules can be seen under a light microscope by placing the cells in a suspension of India ink. The capsules exclude the ink and appear as clear halos surrounding the bacterial cells. Capsules are usually polymers of simple sugars (polysaccharides), although the capsule of Bacillus anthracis is made of polyglutamic acid. Most capsules are hydrophilic (“water-loving”) and may help the bacterium avoid desiccation (dehydration) by preventing water loss. Capsules can protect a bacterial cell from ingestion and destruction by white blood cells (phagocytosis). While the exact mechanism for escaping phagocytosis is unclear, it may occur because capsules make bacterial surface components more slippery, helping the bacterium to escape engulfment by phagocytic cells. The presence of a capsule in Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most important factor in its ability to cause pneumonia. Mutant strains of S. pneumoniae that have lost the ability to form a capsule are readily taken up by white blood cells and do not cause disease. The association of virulence and capsule formation is also found in many other species of bacteria.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
The capsular material surrounding these bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) is revealed in a suspension of India ink and viewed through a light microscope (magnified about 2,500×).
From W.H. Taylor and E. Juni, “Pathways for Biosynthesis of a Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharide,” Journal of Bacteriology (May 1961)
A capsular layer of extracellular polysaccharide material can enclose many bacteria into a biofilm and serves many functions. Streptococcus mutans, which causes dental caries, splits the sucrose in food and uses one of the sugars to build its capsule, which sticks tightly to the tooth. The bacteria that are trapped in the capsule use the other sugar to fuel their metabolism and produce a strong acid (lactic acid) that attacks the tooth enamel. When Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizes the lungs of persons with cystic fibrosis, it produces a thick capsular polymer of alginic acid that contributes to the difficulty of eradicating the bacterium. Bacteria of the genus Zoogloea secrete fibres of cellulose that enmesh the bacteria into a floc that floats on the surface of liquid and keeps the bacteria exposed to air, a requirement for the metabolism of this genus. A few rod-shaped bacteria, such as Sphaerotilus, secrete long chemically complex tubular sheaths that enclose substantial numbers of the bacteria. The sheaths of these and many other environmental bacteria can become encrusted with iron or manganese oxides.
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium found in the mouth, contributes to tooth decay.
In a radio, blank energy is transformed into blank energy.
Answer: In a radio, electrical energy is transformed into sound energy.
HEY yeah you the one who saw this question yeah if i give you brainly you make a question and give me some ok. Which sentence gives an opinion?
A) November is the best month of the year.
B) There are 26 letters in the alphabet.
C) It is colder in the winter than in the summer.
D) Dolphins are mammals, not fish. free 50 points and brainly for me and you
Answer:
A is the opinion
Explanation:
all the others are stating something that is factually true, but November isn't factually the best it varies from person to person
A- November is the best month of the year.
What do weather and climate have in common?
a Both affect average ocean temperatures.
b Both are averages measured over a long period of time.
c Both apply to a certain region.
d Both change from day to day.
Answer: B
Explanation: I think it's right.
ANSWER NOW
Madagascar’s economy is focused on vanilla, while Saudi Arabia’s economy is centered around oil. Why have these countries chosen to specialize in these particular products?
A.
They have large amounts of these resources available.
B.
These products are very difficult to produce.
C.
No other countries in the world trade these products.
D.
They need to specialize in these products so their citizens have enough of them.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Features of the command economy of ancient Egypt
i need 3 thing
Migration rates, birth rates, and death rates are always to measure changes in _____.
A) Urbanization
B) Population
C) Weather
D) Climate
Answer:
b
Explanation:
because those are all things that affect the population of a city or country
How did George Washington meet the challenge of keeping his small army from being lost during the early part of the Revolutionary War?
A. retreat when necessary to save the army
B. hire professional soldiers from Spain to make his army bigger
C. rely on naval forces more than the army to attack the British
D. attack the British even when American losses were high
Share a specific contribution that African Americans, Native Americans, and women made to the American Revolution.
Answer:
Explanation: NMAI is committed to advancing knowledge and understanding of the Native cultures of the Western Hemisphere through partnership with Native people
Help plz this is do today
Question
1. What do we learn about Sarah and John Ivey from these advertisements?
2.What does this document teach us about resistance to slavery in the New York Colony?
Predict what the moisture content of the air will be like by the time it arrives on the other side of the mountain range.
Answer:
As the air is lifted up the mountain slope, it cools as it rises, which is a process known as "adiabatic cooling." This cooling often results in the formation of clouds, and, eventually, precipitation that falls on the windward slope and at the summit.
If you say a place is "uninhabited," what does that mean?
A) It is an imaginary place.
B) It is a place where no one lives.
C) It is a place where people speak many languages.
D) It is a very cold place.
Answer:
When a place is uninhabited, (B) it is a place where no one lives.
I hope this helped at all.
Which of the following would not require a globe?
A) finding the shortest route from Australia to Maine
B) finding out if Cuba is bigger than Greenland
C) finding the two countries that are next to the United States
D) finding out the population of the United States
the answer is D you can use the globe for the other 3 reasons
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Answer :this is so confusing sorry can't hel
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Questions
1. What do we learn about Sarah and John Ivey from these advertisements?
2.What does this document teach us about resistance to slavery in the New York Colony?
Your mom your mom your mom your mom your welcome
The United States and Canada are both considered to be multicultural societies because
A. Most of the people in these societies speak more than one language
B. People living in these societies have economic and political freedoms
C. A history of immigration has resulted in several cultures contributing to these societies
D. The American Indian cultures in these societies did not mix with the European cultures
Which type of Tropical Climate Zone does not receive enough rainfall to support dense forests?
Answer:
deserts
The driest climates are deserts. Most occur between about 15° and 30° latitude. This is where dry air sinks to the surface in the global circulation cells. Deserts receive less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain per year.
Explanation:
What is flagella important and how is it different and similar from the other cells??
Using four or more complete sentences, differentiate between federal and confederate systems of government. help
Answer:
In a federal system, a national government and the state governments share power. In a unitary system, all power lies with the national government, whereas in a confederation, the majority of power rests with the states. In a federal system there is centralized authority, while in a confederal system power is distributed equally among the states.
Explanation: Examples: The United States, Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany. The Commonwealth of Independent States, formerly known as the Soviet Union. Also, Switzerland's canton system and the Confederate States of America (1861-1865).
Who are the most common users of goods that are produced in market economies? A. people around the world B. those who can afford to pay for them C. those whom the government allows D. mostly family members or community members Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D HELP PLEASE ITS TIMED :((
Answer:
The Answer is D : mostly family members or community members
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Why did you delete my answer last time? I got a warning
Please help asap! I will give brainly (the subject is science)***VERY EASY***
Answer:
Population: 2 Mice, 2 owls, 2 snakes, 1 vulture, 2 scorpions, 1 cactus
Explanation:
Answer:
A. 4 population (not counting the billions of germs that exist in that area)
B. 2 population (not counting the billions of germs that exist in that area)
Explanation:
According to the map above, which of the following statements is true?
A. The Middle East is the only region in the world with a large Muslim population.
B. Islam is the most commonly practiced religion in every Middle Eastern country.
C. The majority of people in the Middle East are Muslim.
D. Only one Middle Eastern country has a Muslim population of 50% and above.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer: C
Explanation: Looks like the best answer to me.
The Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States, is an example of a __________.
A.
physical boundary shift
B.
small boundary change
C.
growing stateless nation
D.
drastic boundary change
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
D - Drastic boundary change
Explanation:
If a state experiences a drastic boundary change, it is normally due to a revolution, a war, or the collapse of a government system. Drastic changes may also take place because of the exchange of land through a purchase.
Why is it important for farmers to cultivate their land?
Answer:
allows air water and nutrients deeper in to the soil to the roots
How did the American Revolution affect women?
A Became more politically active
B Drove horse-drawn wagons
C Took care of their families
D Traded goods at the general store
American Revolution took care of the families of the women. Hence, option C is appropriate.
What is the American Revolution?Between 1765 and 1791, British America underwent a political and social change known as the American Revolution.
13 of Europe's North American colonies rebelled against its imperial rule, sparking an epic armed and political conflict known as the American Revolution that lasted from 1765 to 1783. The British crown and Parliament's imposition of taxes without the consent of the colonial population sparked the initial revolt.
The four key factors that contributed to the American Revolution were the Taxation Acts, the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the Americans in the Thirteen Colonies created independent states which defeated the British, gaining independence from the British Crown as well as founding the United States of America as the initial nation-state based on liberal democratic Enlightenment principles.
Revolutions typically take the shape of coordinated movements intended to bring about change—whether it is in the realms of economics, technology, politics, or society. The initiators of revolutions have concluded that the social institutions that are now in place have failed or are no longer necessary. the Intolerable Acts.
Hence, option C is correct.
Learn more about the American Revolution here:
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
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Which of the following best describes how the Articles of Confederation established representatives in Congress?
Each state had two votes in Congress, regardless of its size.
Each state's representation in Congress was based on its size.
Each state had one vote in Congress, regardless of its population.
Each state's representation in Congress was based on its population.
Answer:
its the last one
each states representation in congress was based on its population. I did this today and got it right.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
In the Articles of Confederation, each state was given one vote. More people could participate, but each state was only allowed one vote regardless of its size or population.