The relationship between the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of a reaction that is never spontaneous is -ΔH, +ΔS option - B is correct answer.
A spontaneous reaction is what?When a reaction occurs spontaneously, the system doesn't require any additional energy input because the change in free energy is negative.
When the enthalpy change is negative and the entropy change is positive, the reaction is always spontaneous.
The free energy change is always positive and the reaction is never spontaneous if the reaction is endothermic (H positive) and the entropy change S is negative (less disorder).
Although a spontaneous reaction may result in an increase or decrease in entropy or enthalpy, it will always result in a decrease in free energy, which is a negative G.
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The amount of ascorbic acid, C6H8O6. in orange juice was determined by oxidizing the ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid, C6H6O6. with a known excess of l2, and back titrating the excess I2 with Na2S203. A 5.00-mL sample of filtered orange juice was treated with 50.00 mL of excess 0.01023 M l2. After the oxidation was complete, 13.82 mL of 0.07203 M Na2S203 was needed to reach the starch indicator endpoint. Report the concentration of ascorbic acid in milligrams per 100
mL
There is 2.43 mg of ascorbic acid in the 5.00-mL sample, or 48.6 mg/100 mL of orange juice.
Explanation:
For i2+na2s2o3 titration,
I2 + 2 S2O3^-2 <--> 2 I^-1 + S4O6^-2
13.82 mL of 0.07203 M Na2S2O3 was needed to reach the starch indicator end point.
Number of moles of Na2S2O3 = 13.82*0.07203= 0.9954546 millimoles.
So, number of moles of excess I2 = 0.9954546/2 = 0.4977273 millimoles.
For oxidizing the ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid
C6H8O6 + I2 --> C6H6O6 + 2 H+ + 2 I-
SO 1mole of I2 read for 1 mole of C6H8O6.
Initial I2 used = 50*0.01023 = 0.5115 millimoles.
Number of moles of I2 used = 0.5115 - 0.4977273 = 0.0137727 millimoles.
Number of moles of C6H8O6 in5 ml of orange juice = 0.0137727 millimoles.
Weight of C6H8O6 in5 ml of orange juice = number of moles * molecular weight = 0.0137727 * 176 = 2.4239952 mg
In 100 ml of orange juice = 2.4239952/5) *100 = 48.479904 milligrams per 100 mL. is the answer.
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Using the table of average bond energies, estimate the energy needed to break the bonds of the reactants and the energy released when the products from for the reaction N2 + O2 –> 2NO. Note N2 has a triple bond and O2 and NO have double bonds.
The energy that is released for the breaking of bonds is 229 kJ/mol.
What is the energy released?We should be able to recall that the enthalpy of the reaction taken to be the energy that is evolved or absorbed in the reaction that is ongoing. We have to note that in the course of the reaction there would be the breaking and the making of bonds.
Now we know that;
The bond energy can be given as;
Sum energy of the broken bonds of reactants - Sum of the energy of the formed bonds
Hence;
(945 + 498) - 2(607)
1443 - 1214
= 229 kJ/mol
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What determines the carrying capacity in an ecosystem?
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to ecosystem. Therefore, the maximum number of species that a system can safely support determines the carrying capacity in an ecosystem.
What is ecosystem?An ecosystem is the fundamental fundamental unit of such an environment where living and nonliving creatures interact with one another, both of which are essential for the continuation of life on Earth.
The maximum number of species that a system can safely support is known as carrying capacity. The ability of an ecosystem to replenish the food, water, environment, or other essentials that populations have to thrive are just a few examples of the numerous variables that may affect an ecosystem's carrying capacity of a specific species.
Therefore, the maximum number of species that a system can safely support determines the carrying capacity in an ecosystem.
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Which term refers to a substance that changes color when there is a certain concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Chemical Indicator refers to a substance that changes color when there is a certain concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Chemical indicators are any substances that provide a clear indication—typically a change in color—of the presence or absence of a certain chemical species, like an acid or an alkali, in a solution. One such chemical is methyl yellow, which gives an alkaline solution a yellow color. When introduced to acidic or alkaline solutions, substances are considered indicators when their color changes. There are several indicators that are frequently used in laboratories, including litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange. Litmus paper: It turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic ones. Methyl orange: This chemical exhibits a red color in an acidic solution and a yellow color in a basic solution.
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Draw the stracture of 2-bromo-4-chloro-3, 3-dimethylhex-1-ene
answer :
this is the structure if you want it
write the reaction equation for the reversible chemical reaction that occurs when the indicator bromcresol
Reactions that are reversible have the ability to move both forward and backward. Reactants change into products in a reversible reaction, but products can also change back into reactants.
In actuality, the opposing reaction as well as the forward reaction will occur simultaneously. In some chemical reactions, the reaction's products might combine to form the reactants' original form. Reversible reactions are what they are referred to as. To illustrate them, use the formula: A + B C + D. Only in one direction can irreversible chemical reactions take place. Reactants can transform into products, while products cannot transform back into reactants. Chemical reactions that can be reversed can happen both ways. The products can change back into the reactants, and the reactants can change back into the products.
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The photoelectron spectrum for the element nitrogen is represented above. Which of the following best explains how the spectrum is consistent with the electron shell model of the ato
f the atom?
A. The leftmost peak represents the valence electrons.
B. The two peaks at the right represent a total of three electrons.
C. The electrons in the ls sublevel have the smallest binding energy
D. The electrons in the 2p sublevel have the smallest binding energy
The electrons in the 2p sub level have the smallest binding energies, which is the best explanation for how the spectrum is consistent with the electron shell model of the atom. Option D is correct as a result.
Photoemission spectroscopy, often referred to as photoelectron spectroscopy, measures the amount of energy emitted by electrons from solids, gases, or liquids via the photoelectric effect. This procedure involves getting the energy for the electrons from an outside source, such as sunlight.
The photoelectric effect is a process in which electrons receive energy from an external source, such as sunlight, become excited, and transition from the ground state to the excited state. As a result of this process, there is a constant flow of electrons, which in turn causes a flow of energy.
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How can you tell which metal is more reactive?
The reactivity of metals depends upon their position in the periodic table and their nature of undergoing chemical reactions.
The primary difference between metals is the ease with which they undergo chemical reactions. The elements toward the bottom left corner of the periodic table are the metals that are the most active in the sense of being the most reactive. Such as alkali metals like Lithium, sodium, and potassium all react with water, thus they are reactive in nature than the metals belonging to alkaline earth metals. The nature of more reactivity of alkali metals is due to larger atomic radius and low ionization energies and they have only one valence electron in its outermost shell.
Thus, the reactivity of metals depends upon their position in the periodic table and their nature of undergoing chemical reactions.
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3) Which of the following is a true statement?
A: Ice cannot float on water.
B: Carbon is a part of the compound of water.
C: Water is a universal solvent.
D: Hard water is good for making soap lather.
PLS HELP ME PLS
Water is called a ‘universal solvent' because water can dissolve much more substances than any other liquid found in nature but water cannot dissolve every substance.
Is water called universal solvent?Water is referred to as a "universal solvent" because it has a considerably wider range of natural solvent properties than any other liquid. However, water is not capable of dissolving all compounds.
For instance, water cannot dissolve hydroxides, fats, or waxes because oppositely charged particles are not very soluble in water. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms are arranged polarly in water molecules.
The oxygen atom has a negative charge, while the hydrogen atom on one side has a positive charge.The water molecule can more easily attach to various compounds thanks to these charges.
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Because it can dissolve a greater variety of chemicals than any other natural liquid, water is referred to as a "universal solvent," though it does not dissolve all substances. The option C is true.
The term "universal solvent" refers to water.In comparison to other liquids, water has a much larger spectrum of natural solvent qualities, earning it the moniker "universal solvent". Nevertheless, not all substances can be dissolved by water.
Because water is not highly soluble in oppositely charged particles, it cannot dissolve hydroxides, fats, or waxes, for example. Water molecules have polar arrangements of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
In contrast to the hydrogen atom on one side, which has a positive charge, the oxygen atom has a negative charge.
These charges allow the water molecule to more readily bind to different substances.
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Examine the phase diagram for the substance Bogusium (Bo) and select the correct statement Pressure 760 ton AL C. •D Temperature O Point B represents the triple point for Bo. O Bo changes from a solid to a gas as one follows the line from C to D. O Bo changes from a solid to a liquid as one follows the line from C to D.
O Bo(s) has a lower density than Bol). O The triple point for Bo is at a higher temperature than the melting point for Bo.
The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which all three phases of the substance (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in equilibrium.
Point B on the phase diagram is the triple point for Bogusium, represented by the intersection of three lines, which indicates that all three phases can coexist in equilibrium at this point.
1. A triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which all three phases of the substance can coexist in equilibrium.
2. Point B on the phase diagram is the triple point for Bogusium, represented by the intersection of three lines.
3. This indicates that all three phases can coexist in equilibrium at this point.
4. Therefore, the correct statement is that Point B represents the triple point for Bo.
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The gas in a 250.0 mL piston experiences a change in pressure from 1.00 atm to 4.90 atm. What is the new volume (in mL) assuming the moles of gas and temperature are held constant
The gas in a 250.0 mL piston experiences a change in pressure from 1.00 atm to 4.90 atm. 56.2 ml is the new volume (in mL) assuming the moles of gas and temperature are held constant.
What is Boyle's law ?Boyle's law states that at a given temperature, the volume of a gas and its pressure are inversely proportional.
Robert A. Boyle discovered the law in 1662, which states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
Given:
Initial volume (V₁) = 250 mL
Initial pressure (P₁) = 1.00 atm
Final volume (V₂) = ?
Final pressure (P₂) = 4.45 atm
Assuming the gas has an ideal behavior, we can find the final volume by using Boyle's law as follows:
P₁ × V₁ = P₂ × V₂
V₂ = P₁ × V₁/P₂
V₂ = 1.00 atm × 250 mL / 4.45 atm
V₂ = 56.2 ml
Thus, 56.2 ml is the new volume (in mL) assuming the moles of gas and temperature are held constant.
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1. An organ which receive the waste product carried by the blood.
4. It is a gas that the body needs.
6. It is a combination of hemoglobin and oxygen that enters the body.
7. The respiratory and digestive work as it absorbed
that being
distributed through the body.
10. The system responsible for digestion of food
Down:
2. The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state that persist despite
changes in the world outside,
3. The respiratory and circulatory work together by exchanging of
5. The signal that circulatory system carries that control the speed of digestion.
8. The system responsible of exchange of gases
9. The system carries nutrients to the entire body cells.
1. Kidney receive the waste product carried by the blood.
2. Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state that persist despite changes in the world outside.
3. The respiratory system and circulatory system work together by exchanging of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
4. Oxygen is a gas that the body needs.
5. Chemical signals are carried out by circulatory system that control the speed of digestion.
6. Oxyhemoglobin is a combination of hemoglobin and oxygen that enters in the body.
7. The respiratory system and digestive system work as it absorbed oxygen that being distributed through the body.
8. The respiratory system is responsible for exchange of gases.
9. The circulatory system carries nutrients to the entire body cells.
10. The digestive system is responsible for food digestion.
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Among the following radioactive parent isotopes, which has the shortest half-life?A) uranium-238B) potassium-40C) rubidium-87D) carbon-14
The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the original number of atoms in a sample to decay.
The isotope with the shortest half-life among the given options is:
D) carbon-14
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years which is shorter than the other isotopes. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years, potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years and rubidium-87 has a half-life of 49.8 billion years, all are greater than the half-life of carbon-14.
So, carbon-14 is the isotope with the shortest half-life among the given options.
It is important to note that the half-life of an isotope is a constant property of the isotope. For example, the half-life of carbon-14 is always 5,730 years and does not change with the amount of carbon-14 present or any other factors.
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Give the ΔH value for the combustion of ethanol as shown in the reaction C2H5OH(g)+3O2(g)⟶Δ2CO2(g)+3H2O(g)+1278 kJ .
Express your answer using four significant figures. If the value is positive, do not include the + sign in your answer.
The value of the ΔH for the reaction is obtained as 1278 kJ .
What is the value of ΔH?We have to note that the enthalpy change of the reaction has to do with the heat that ahs been evolved or absorbed in a reaction. In this case we have to obtain the enthalpy change by looking at the combustion reaction that has been shown here.
It is clear that from the thermochemical reaction equation, there is the evolution of about 1278 kJ of heat in the process of the reaction as shown in the question that we have above.
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Which element has a violent reaction when combined with cold water ?____
Base your answers to the following questions on the electron configurations below:
(A)2s1
(B)[Ar] 3d104s24p1
(C)[Kr] 4d105s25p3
(D)[Ne] 3s2
(E)[Kr]4d105s25p6
The element with electronic configuration 2s1, which is lithium, has a violent reaction with cold water.
The most reactive metals in the periodic table are the alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr); they all react with cold water violently or even explosively, displacing hydrogen. In the reduction of water to hydrogen gas (H2) and the metal ion hydroxide (OH), Group 1 Metal (M) is oxidised to its metal ions.
The second most reactive metals in the periodic table are the alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra), which also exhibit increased reactivity in higher periods like the Group 1 metals. The only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even when heated to a high temperature, is beryllium (Be). Furthermore, beryllium has an exterior oxide layer that is robust, which reduces its reactivity at lower temperatures.
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It takes a water wave 5.2 seconds to travel between two docks there are 19 m apart. An observer notices that 20 crests pass the first dock in 17 seconds.
find the wavelength of the water waves.
Answer:
152.12
Explanation:
hope it helps
Kong Mali po sorry
2. How many moles of helium are present in a balloon at STP if the volume is 3.7 L? Please show all work!
Using the Ideal Gas Law equation: [tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
P = pressure (kPa)V = volume (L)n = moles (mol)R = gas constant( [tex]\frac{kPaL}{molK}[/tex])T = Temperature (K)STP also known as Standard Temperature and Pressure is a set of conditions at sea level
At STP:
P = 101.3 kPa
T = [tex]0^o C[/tex] or 273 K
[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
[tex]n=\frac{101.3kPa)(3.7L)}{(8.31\frac{kPaL}{molK})(273K)}[/tex]
[tex]n = 0.16 mol[/tex]
Hypothesize as to why Seaborg removed the actinide and lanthanide series elements and placed them into their own block!
Describe the physical properties of matter using the graphic organizer below
indicate whether each property can be used to identify a substance, $6.6.864
Mass
Weights
Mass and Weight
Magnetism
Density
Physical properties such as mass, weights , density can be common for one or more substances hence cannot be used for identification while magnetism is unique for each substance ,hence used for identification.
What are physical properties?Any property which describes the state of a physical system is called as a physical property.Changes in physical properties are used to describe changes between the states. They are often related to as observable properties.
Physical property which can be quantified is a physical quantity. These are also classified further with respect to their directionality. Physical properties are differentiated from chemical properties by the way they determine how a substance behaves in a chemical reaction.
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What actions do you take immediately after a burn occurs?
Cool in cold or lukewarm water for 20 minutes.
This should be done as soon as possible after an injury. Never use ice, ice water, cream, or greasy substances like butter on the burn. Be careful to keep the airways open when treating burn victims. Associated smoke inhalation injuries are very common, especially when the patient is burned in an enclosed space such as a room or building. Even people who have been burned outdoors can inhale smoke. Stop the burning process as soon as possible. Remove all clothing and jewelry near the burned area.
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Which of the following ions has the largest radius?
a. Na+
b. K+
c. CS+
d. Li+
The size of an ion is determined by its atomic radius, which is a measure of the size of the atom from which the ion is formed. The atomic radius of an atom is generally determined by the size of its electron cloud. The size of the electron cloud is influenced by the number of electrons and the energy levels they occupy.
Of the ions given, Li+ has the smallest atomic radius because it has the smallest number of electrons and the highest effective nuclear charge, which means that its electrons are held more closely to the nucleus. Na+, K+, and CS+ have larger atomic radii than Li+ because they have more electrons and lower effective nuclear charges, which means that their electrons are held more weakly by the nucleus.
Therefore, the answer is CS+ has the largest radius.
Convert the following numbers into the standard form of scientific notation 0. 010x 10e5
The standard form of scientific notation for 0. 010x 10e5 is 1.0 × 10^3.
Scientific notation is a form of presenting large numbers or very small numbers in a simpler form.
There are some rules to write scientific notation:
The base should be always 10. The exponent must be a non-zero integer.
Absolute value of the coefficient should be greater than or equal to 1 but it should be less than 10.The mantissa carries the rest of the significant digits of the number.
The power of 10 will be positive, if the given number is multiples of 10 then the decimal point has to move to the left. The power of 10 will be negative If the given number is smaller than 1 and then the decimal point has to move to the right.
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A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa, what is PHe ?
A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa, PHe is 72.3 kPa.
What is total pressure ?Static pressure and velocity pressure are added to create total pressure. There is static pressure in a fluid that is not flowing. The pressure required to accelerate air from a zero velocity to a specific velocity that is proportional to the kinetic energy of the air stream is known as velocity pressure.
Consider the friction that exists between a fluid and the interior surface of a pipe. The fluid's density and velocity are used to compute the dynamic pressure: the total pressure in a mixture of ideal gases is the total of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Total pressure = PO2 + PN2 + PHe
189.9 kPa = 104.6 kPa + 13.0 kPa + PHe
PHe = 72.3 kPa
Thus, A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa,PHe is 72.3 kPa.
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The following data was collected when a reaction was performed experimentally in the laboratory.
Reaction Data:
Reactants:
Fe2O3 (3 moles)
Al (5 moles)
Products:
Al2O3 (?)
Fe (?)
Determine the maximum amount of Fe that was produced during the experiment. Explain how you determined this amount.
Please be thorough. I am in agony at this question and I need the most help I can get. Thanks
According to the data collected during the experimental reaction in the laboratory, and the balanced equation of the reaction, 5 moles of iron (Fe) and 2.5 moles of aluminum oxide (Fe2O3) were produced.
Determination of the maximum amount of Fe that was produced during the experiment.Balanced equation of the reactionFe2O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al2O3
Limit reagent determinationIf 1 mole of Fe2O3 is combined with 2 moles of Al
So 3 moles of Fe2O3 combine with x moles of Al
X moles of Al = 3 moles Fe2O3 x 2 moles Al / 1 mole Fe2O3 = 6 moles
Limiting reagent: Al, because there are only 5 moles available
Determination of the amount of iron producedIf 2 moles of Al produce 2 moles of Fe
So 5 moles of Al produce x moles of Fe
X moles of Fe = 5 moles of Al x 2 moles of Fe / 2 moles of Al = 5 moles
Determination of the amount of aluminum oxide producedIf 2 moles of Al produce 1 mole of Fe2O3
So 5 moles of Al produce x moles of Fe2O3
X moles of Fe = 5 moles of Al x 1 mole of Fe2O3 / 2 moles of Al = 2.5 moles
Explanation about the procedures used to determine the amount of ironBy establishing the balanced equation of the reaction and the stoichiometric relationships, the amount of limit reagent is first determined and with this data, the moles of products are later determined.
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How many hydrogen atoms are in 1 mg of aspartame?
Which argument supports the claim that dissolving calcium chloride (CaCl2) in water is a chemical change
The argument that supports the claim that dissolving solid calcium chloride (CaCl2) in water is a chemical change is A. The ionic bond among calcium and chloride ions has been broken..
When solid calcium chloride is added to water, the ionic bonds between the calcium ions (Ca2+) and chloride ions (Cl-) are broken apart by the polar water molecules. The calcium ions and chloride ions are then surrounded by the water molecules, forming a new chemical compound called calcium chloride hydrate (CaCl2*xH2O) which is different from the original solid calcium chloride. This process is a chemical change because it creates new substances and the original chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.
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the complete question is:
Which of the following arguments supports the claim that dissolving calcium chloride (CaCl2) in water results in a chemical change?
A. The ionic bond among calcium and chloride ions has been broken.
B. By evaporating the water, the solid calcium chloride can be recovered.
C. The ions found in the solid remain in the solution and have not changed.
D. Ions are attracted by the polar water molecules.
1. How much energy (in calories and in Joules) will it take to raise the temperature of 75.0 g
of water from 20.0 to 55.0 °C? ( Specific Heat = 1 cal / ( g °C) and 4.184 J /(g°C) )
A. 2630 cal and 630. J
B. 2630 cal and 1.1 x 104 J
C. 1.1 x 10 + cal and 2630 J
D. 630. cal and 2630 J
E. None of these are correct.
I need help pls
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide that is used in the transport of food and medicine. dry ice becomes a gas at –78.5°c without becoming a liquid first. what change of state is being described?
The surface temperature of a block of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is -78.5 degrees Celsius (-109.8 degrees F). Once it reaches this temperature, carbon dioxide completely bypasses the liquid state and transforms into a gas. One pound of dry ice produces 250 liters of carbon dioxide gas!
Carbon dioxide in the form of dry ice is employed. Sublimation is the process by which CO2 transforms from a solid to a gas without first undergoing a liquid phase, and it takes place at pressures lower than 5.13 atm and temperatures higher than 56.4 °C (216.8 K; 69.5 °F) (the triple point).
When a substance changes immediately from a solid to a gas without melting beforehand. The carbon dioxide is still present; it simply passes.
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Answer:
Sublimation
Explanation:
C
does calcium oxide reacts with carbon monoxide
Yes, calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with carbon monoxide (CO) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and oxygen gas (O2). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
CaO + CO -> CaCO3 + O2
This reaction is an example of a chemical change, as it results in the formation of a new substance with different chemical properties. The reaction is also exothermic, meaning that it releases heat.
Calcium oxide is a white solid that is used in a variety of applications, including cement production and the purification of flue gases. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is toxic to humans when inhaled. It is produced as a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
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Determine the number of atoms of each element in the following: 3CO3