where did genetic engineering come from

Answers

Answer 1
Genetic engineering based on recombination was pioneered in 1973 by American biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer, who were among the first to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes into E. coli bacteria, which then reproduced.
Answer 2
Genetic engineering based on recombination was pioneered in 1973 by American biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer,

Related Questions

The liver makes a fat dissolving enzyme called____ ? (frog disection)

Answers

Answer:

Makes a fat dissolving enzyme called bile.

How is prey different in wet/dry seasons in Zimbabwe?

Answers

Answer:

In the dry season, the animals congregate here freely and happily. In the wet season, though,waterholes are nothing special as there are plenty of water sources throughout the parks, so the animals are more widely dispersed and the odds of seeing them along the roads and waterholes are much slimmer.

Explanation:

Explain why photosynthesis is vital for life.

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis is important to living organisms because it is the number one source of oxygen in the atmosphere. Without photosynthesis, the carbon cycle could not occur, oxygen-requiring life would not survive and plants would die.

Explanation:

Answer:

Photosynthesis is vital for plant life, because it provides plants with a means to produce energy. Photosynthesis indirectly provides organisms that feed on plants with energy as well. Organisms that feed on plants derive their energy from the plants, which obtained their energy from sunlight through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis also helps maintain atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants during photosynthesis, and oxygen is released.

Explanation:

1. A carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds.
A. True
B. False
2. A carbon atom has six electrons in its outermost shell.
A. True
B. False
3. The bond between a carbon and hydrogen atom is a polar bond.
A. True
B. False
4. Oxygen and nitrogen have a stronger electronegativity than carbon (e.g., a strong pull on a shared electron).
A. True
B. False
5. Bonds between carbon and other atoms are relatively unstable and readily dissociate, resulting in the formation of new molecules.
A. True
B. False
6. The carbon backbone of a molecule is made up of a string of carbon atoms held together with either single or double bonds.
A. True
B. False
7. The carbon backbone of a molecule comes in a variety of shapes: linear, ring-like, or highly branched.
A. True
B. False
8. Carbon is a relatively large atom allowing it to bind to more atoms than smaller atoms would, thereby making it more versatile.
A. True
B. False

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Carbon is a non- metallic element with tetravalent, which means carbon posses four electrons which is available to form covalent chemical bonds. it is a chemical element with chemical symbol "C" , it has atomic number of 6, and it is categorized as a member of group 14 in the periodic table. It can form up to 4 covalent bonds, in term of electronegativity, non- metal like Oxygen and nitrogen have a stronger electronegativity compared to carbon which means there is a strong pull on a shared electron. The carbon backbone of a molecule is made up of a string of carbon atoms held together with either single or double bonds.

1)A carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds.

A. True

2. A carbon atom has six electrons in its outermost shell.

B. False

3. The bond between a carbon and hydrogen atom is a polar bond.

B. False

4. Oxygen and nitrogen have a stronger electronegativity than carbon (e.g., a strong pull on a shared electron).

A. True

5. Bonds between carbon and other atoms are relatively unstable and readily dissociate, resulting in the formation of new molecules.

B. False

6. The carbon backbone of a molecule is made up of a string of carbon atoms held together with either single or double bonds.

A. True

7. The carbon backbone of a molecule comes in a variety of shapes: linear, ring-like, or highly branched.

A. True

8. Carbon is a relatively large atom allowing it to bind to more atoms than smaller atoms would, thereby making it more versatile.

B. False

It is true that carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds. It is false that carbon atom has six electrons in its outermost shell. It is also false that the bond between a carbon and hydrogen atom is a polar bond. The answers are A. True, B. False, B. False, A. True, B. False, A. True, A. True, and A. True.

Up to four covalent connections can be formed by a carbon atom. The reason for this is that carbon possesses four valence electrons, which enable it to share electrons with other atoms to complete its octet and create durable covalent bonds.

The outermost shell of a carbon atom only contains four electrons, not six. With a total of six electrons—two in its inner shell and four in its outer shell—carbon has an atomic number of six.

A nonpolar, not a polar, bond forms between an atom of carbon and an atom of hydrogen. Due to their identical electronegativities, carbon and hydrogen share the same number of electrons, resulting in a nonpolar covalent connection.

Compared to carbon, oxygen and nitrogen have larger electronegativities, which means that they exert more of a pull on the shared electrons in chemical bonds.

Under normal circumstances, bonds between carbon and other atoms are typically stable and do not easily dissolve.

A chain of carbon atoms bound together by single or double bonds makes up the carbon backbone of a molecule.

A molecule's carbon backbone can take on a variety of forms, such as straight, ring-like, or extremely branched ones.

Compared to lesser atoms, carbon is a comparatively big atom, which enables it to make numerous bonds and attach to more atoms.

Carbon's adaptability is a significant property that contributes to the complexity and diversity of organic compounds.

Thus, the answers are A. True, B. False, B. False, A. True, B. False, A. True, A. True, and A. True.

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How might the digestive system and the immune system interact to help protect the body?
Please i need a correct and accurate answer. ++ giving brainliest

Answers

Answer:

Around 70% of our immune system dwells in our digestive tract in the form of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). An important component of our immune system called plasma cells (which give rise to invader-defending antibodies) also reside within the GALT. Our gut is the major channel between the external environment and the internal systems of our body. It is exposed to plenty of germs and harmful invaders such as bacteria and viruses present in food particles on a daily basis. [1] These toxic agents are perceived by the immune system in the gut as being harmful to our body and attacked. That being said, our body does not reject everything we put into it. This process is known as tolerance. When our immune system rejects an otherwise harmless substance, we are labeled as being sensitive or allergic to that food/food ingredient.

Explanation:

Hope this helped!

Which period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era?

Answers

The correct answer is - Devonian

Answer:

A the answer is A

Explanation:

which path represents how mary's drinking water most likely became contaminated?

a. groundwater runoff atmosphere

b. runoff atmosphere groundwater

c. atmosphere runoff groundwater

Answers

Answer:

answer is B

Explanation:

I hope it helps

Dreams that occur when you realize you are dreaming and can often wake yourself up or actively participate in them are called __(blank)__.
a) recurring dreams
b) lucid dreams
c) nightmares
d) healing dreams
e) recurring dreams

Answers

Answer:

Lucid dreams

Explanation:

They are dreams that doesn't happen like dreams. You'd know everything happening. it is as a result of mostly depression

Answer:

b Lucid dreams is the answer

what molecules form proteins when linked together with covalent bonds

Answers

Answer: Amino Acids

Explanation:

Proteins are formed when the organic Amino acids are linked together with covalent bonds. This means that proteins can be broken down into amino acids which is what the bond does when it processes proteins.

Amino acids are principally made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen and are classified into three groups namely: Essential amino acids , Nonessential amino acids  and Conditional amino acids.

Blology Period 3
of
Identify Structures of Eukaryotic Cells
Identify the structures in the cell pictured on the
right
Label A
Label B
Label C
Label D
Label E
D



Answers

Answer:

Identify the labeled structures.

A:  

✔ endoplasmic reticulum

B:  

✔ chloroplast

C:  

✔ lysosome

D:  

✔ cytoplasm

E:  

✔ cell wall

Explanation:

i took the test

Answer:

edge 2022

Explanation:

How do oxygen and carbon dioxide levels take over time

Answers

In the capillaries, oxygen flows rapidly through the blood through this air-blood barrier. Similarly, carbon dioxide flows into the alveoli from the blood and is then exhaled.

Answer:

Oxygen flows quickly through the blood through an air-blood barrier. Likewise, carbon dioxide flows into the alveoli from the blood and is then exhaled.

Explanation:

Check all that are true statements regarding dermatomes.
A. Pain in a dermatome can only arise from the region of the skin that is innervated by that spinal nerve.
B. Dermatomes are involved in referred visceral pain.
C. If a person experiences damage or infection in an internal organ, the pain may be experienced elsewhere due to dermatomes.
D. Dermatomes are important in discovering muscle or organ damage, but are not useful in identifying spinal nerve damage.

Answers

Answer:

A. Pain in a dermatome can only arise from the region of the skin that is innervated by that spinal nerve.

D. Dermatomes are important in discovering muscle or organ damage but are not useful in identifying spinal nerve damage.

C. If a person experiences damage or infection in an internal organ, the pain may be experienced elsewhere due to dermatomes.

Explanation:

A dermatome is a region on the skin innervated by a spinal cord's root or dorsal nerve. The cutaneous nerves are those that reach the skin, collecting the sensitivity of it. Each cutaneous nerve is distributed in a particular area of skin, called a dermatome. From each segment of the medulla arises a pair of posterior roots sensory and a pair of anterior or motor roots, which join laterally to the intervertebral foramen level to form a mixed spinal nerve. Each of these innervates a dermatome strip of skin, so the surface corporal can be considered a true mosaic.

This term has three meanings:

Skin neoplasms (tumors)A strip of skin territory innervated by sensory fibers originates from a posterior root (nerves originating in the spinal cord and exiting between two vertebrae), also called the spinal nerve.For its part, the dermatome razor is a kind of razor that allows you to take cutaneous fragments, more or less thick, to perform skin grafts.

A dermatome region posses the following characteristics traits as shown in option A, D, and C

Which statement best describes the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction?
A. It produces haploid gametes, with half the number of chromosomes.
B. It creates organisms with better adaptability to the environment.
C. It allows all types of cells to produce two sets of identical chromosomes.
D. It produces up to eight diploid cells, each with the same number of chromosomes.

Answers

D because the diploid cells

In meiosis sexual reproduction produce haploid cells to produce gametes and chromosome number is reduced, hence option a is correct.

What is meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Gametes or sex cells, which are needed for sexual reproduction are created during meiosis.

It deactivates the sporophytic information while activating the genetic information for the production of sex cells.

Meiosis is a kind of cell division that results in the production of four gamete cells and a 50% reduction in the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. To develop egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction, this procedure is necessary.

Therefore in sexually reproducing organisms meiosis is important to produce gametes, hence option a is correct.

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Please help me need this before 9:00 and please use your own word not from google
Hydrogen bonds are important because

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonding reduces extreme temperature shifts near large bodies of water.

Hydrogen bonding allows animals to cool themselves using perspiration because such a large amount of heat is needed to...

Hydrogen bonding keeps water in its liquid state over a wider temperature range than for any other comparable-sized...

Which of these is an example of an interaction between Earth’s spheres that takes a very long time to happen?
Select one:

1.A horse drinking water


2.A person taking a breath


3.A lightning strike


4.Mountains forming

Note: if right ill make you brainiest

Answers

The answer is 4. Mountains forming

True or false: Active transport is required to more particles from an area of lower
concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Answers

That is true. Active transport goes against the concentration gradient. Particles want to move from higher concentration to lower concentration and even out, but active transport makes them move against that.

Heat transferred from biosphere to biosphere:
a. wind/waves
b. rain/ sun waves
c. Factories and pollution

Answers

Answer:

The answer should be A.

Explanation:

The answer is A the reason why is because when the suns never moves through space it reaches Earths atmosphere. The the heat energy is transferred throughout the planets system.

What type of inheritance controls blood types in humans?

Answers

Answer:

Human blood types (ABO) are an example of multiple alleles. Polygenic inheritance occurs when more than one gene controls the trait.

Explanation:

put it in your own words

Human blood types (ABO) is the inheritance that controls blood types in humans. Polygenic inheritance occurs when more than one gene controls the trait.

What is polygenic inheritance?

A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance, a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance.

Moreover, polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes. Generally, three or more genes govern the inheritance of polygenic traits. Multiple independent genes have an additive or similar effect on a single quantitative trait.

Therefore, polygenic traits are determined by the interactions between several different genes, which display incomplete dominance.

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How does deforestation affect the water cycle:

A. It increases the amount of percolation
B. It increases the amount of runoff
C. It increases the amount of transpiration
D. It increases the amount of precipitation

Answers

Answer:

B. It increases the amount of runoff

Why do complex organisms need specialized cells?
A. Without them, complex organisms cannot perform different
functions.
B. Without them, complex organisms cannot reproduce.
C. Complex organisms need them to balance the mostly prokaryotic
cells.
D. Complex organisms need them to process bacteria and
paramecia.

Answers

Answer:

Your answer should be...   Without them, complex organisms cannot perform different  functions.

if I ride my bike to school instead of walking, then I will get there faster what is the dependent variable​

Answers

Answer:

you will get there faster.

Explanation:

this is all related to your rate of speed the faster you pedal the faster you reach school if you walk faster than ride it'll be the other way around.

What are weather balloons?

Locations with instruments that measure weather conditions in specific land areas
Numerical equations based on weather-related factors that forecast weather
Objects that carry instruments into the stratosphere to measure atmospheric conditions
Structures that orbit Earth in the exosphere to capture images and collect data

Answers

Answer:

What are weather balloons?

Objects that carry instruments into the stratosphere to measure atmospheric condition.

Answer:

c i think i hope u get a good test score

Explanation:

List two things that might happen if the snake was removed from this food chain.

What would be the result of removing the decomposers from the food chain?

Answers

Explanation:

1. The population of the pray that snakes feed on would grow

2. The predators that feed on snakes may die out

if the snake was removed from this food chain, the population of the prey that snakes feed on would grow and the predators that feed on snakes may die out. Remains of other organisms build up in an ecosystem if the decomposers are absent.

How each organism is important for the food chain?

Each creature in the food chain depends on an earlier link in the chain. When a creature is eliminated from the food chain, the ecosystem's energy and nutrient cycles are disrupted.

The stability of the food chain is upset. As a result, the species that rely on other organisms for nourishment will starve to death.

The remains of other organisms build up in an ecosystem if the decomposers are absent.

Therefore, the ecosystem becomes unbalanced because the nutrients are not returned to the source to be used by the producers.

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During a murder investigation, the medical examiner tests the contents of the
victim's stomach to try to identify their last meal and establish a connection to a
suspect. The contents tested using Lugol's iodine turned a dark purple color
which indicates the presence of starch. This test indicates which of these
macromolecules was present in the victim's last meal? *

A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Nucleic Acid

Answers

D bucolic acid is history and rain stomach

Describe how the researcher can identify when a climax community is reached.

Answers

Answer:

An ecological community in which populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment. A climax community is the final stage of succession, remaining relatively unchanged until destroyed by an event such as fire or human interference.

Explanation:

Which is an example of how the cell membrane of a tube worm maintains a
stable environment?
O A. It keeps the cell at the same temperature as the water around it.
OB. It communicates with other cell membranes.
C. It prevents minerals in the water from flowing into the cell.
O D. It allows all large molecules to enter the cell.

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation: this is the correct answer

Answer:

Correct answer: c) it prevents minerals in the water from flowing into the cell

Giant tube worms are marine invertebrates , it can survive in a complete darkness at depth of 5.280 feet. They inhibit the areas near the hydrothermalvent that release extremely hot water filled with minerals, which help them to maintain a constant environment inside the cell.

Giant tube worm live in a symbiotic relationship with microorganism . Bacteria prepare food in return to accommodation. It do not have eye, leg and stomach.

2/3 divided by 1/6

Answers

Answer:

4

Explanation:

What are some ecological events that would impact cellular respiration?

Ex. A drought would effect photosynthesis.

Answers

Answer:

Temperature, glucose availability, and oxygen concentration.

Explanation:

:)

the relationship between the structure of the cell membrane and how it applies to the characteristics of semipermeable transport.

Answers

Answer:

the primary function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell form its surroundings. composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embeded with proteins the plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and regulates  the movement of substances in and out of cells.

Explanation:

DNA includes the instructions for building __________.

Answers

an organism to develop survive and reproduce ... maybe lol not so sure
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