The basic type of vaccines are:
nucleic acid vaccines
subunit vaccine
live, attenuated vaccine
An easy, secure, and reliable method of preventing hazardous infections before you are exposed to them is vaccination. It boosts your immune system and builds up your body's natural defenses against particular illnesses.
Your immune system is trained by vaccinations to produce antibodies, exactly as it does when it is exposed to a disease. However, because vaccinations only include dead or weakened versions of bacteria or viruses, they do not really cause the disease or increase your chance of developing its symptoms.
In order to create immunity, vaccines act in conjunction with your body's natural defenses. Your immune system reacts when you receive a vaccination.
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escherichia coli (e. coli) bacteria are growing in a hamburger exponentially. initially there are 100,000 bacteria. after 30 minutes there are 150,000. how many are there after an hour?
1139062.5 escherichia coli (e. coli) bacteria are growing after an hour.
Initial value: 100.00 (x) when t = 0
After 0 min- 100000
After 10 min -150000 that is 1.5 ×x
After 20 min -225000 =50000×1.5
After 30 min- 337500
After 40 min- 506250
After 50 min- 759375
after 60 min- 1139062.5
E. coli, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, grows optimally at 37°C under aerobic conditions, although it is a facultative anaerobe and can therefore grow under anaerobic conditions. It has also been previously reported that some strains of E. coli have been known to grow at temperatures of up to 53°C, although this is not typical nor recommended for commonly used laboratory strains.
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The heme portion of hemoglobin contains ______________, which carries oxygen inside the red blood cell.
The heme portion of hemoglobin contains one iron atom , which carries oxygen inside the red blood cell.
Heme is an iron-containing molecule that is important for many biological processes. Heme combines with globin proteins to form hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Each hemoglobin molecule built up of four heme groups surrounding a globin group, forming a tetrahedral structure. Heme, has only 4 percent of the weight of the molecule, forms a ring like organic compound known as a porphyrin to which an iron atom is attached.
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Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli?.
Signal detection theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli.
The ability to distinguish between information-bearing patterns and random patterns that distract from the information is measured using detection theory or signal detection theory. Signal recovery is the separation of such patterns from a masked background in the field of electronics. Signal detection theory distinguishes a person's ability to discriminate the presence and absence of a stimulus (or different stimulus intensities) from the criterion used to respond to those stimuli.
When the signal is present and detected, it is called a hit. A miss occurs when a signal is present but is not detected. A false alarm occurs when a signal is absent but detected, such as hearing your phone ring when no one is calling or hearing a knock at the door when no one is present.
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__________ occurs when a single gene affects the phenotype of many characters in an individual.
A pleiotropic effect occurs when a single gene affects the phenotype of many characters in an individual.
"PLEIOTROPY" is the phenomenon in which a single locus affects two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits, and is frequently identified as a single mutation that affects two or more wild-type traits. Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more phenotypic traits that appear to be unrelated. A pleiotropic gene is one that exhibits multiple phenotypic expression.
A simple example of a Pleiotropy is the disease phenylketonuria. It is a genetic disorder caused by a lack of phenylalanine metabolism in body cells. Marfan Syndrome is caused by a pleiotropic mutation in a human gene.
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select all of the following that are methods of gene regulation found in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes.
a. blocking mRNA exit from the nucleus
b. splicing exons in alternative ways
c. adding methyl groups to silence genes
The following that are methods of gene regulation found in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes. a. blocking mRNA exit from the nucleus.
Gene law is the process used to manipulate the timing, region and amount wherein genes are expressed. The system may be complicated and is done by means of an expansion of mechanisms, including thru regulatory proteins and chemical change of DNA.
Gene law is an critical part of everyday improvement. Genes are became on and rancid in exceptional patterns all through development to make a mind cell appearance and act different from a liver cellular or a muscle cell, for example. Gene law additionally permits cells to react quickly to modifications of their environments.
Gene pastime is mainly controlled through the charge of transcription of the gene, the system wherein a messenger RNA is produced with the aid of RNA polymerase. signal transduction initiates the transcription technique by way of activating the so-referred to as transcription factors, which might be sequence-particular DNA-binding proteins.
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certain unicellular eukaryotes, including diatoms and some yeasts, have mechanisms of nuclear division that resemble intermediate steps in the evolution of mitosis. which of the following is a characteristic feature of nuclear division in these organisms?
The characteristic feature of nuclear division in unicellular eukaryotes is that chromosomes are separated by the mitotic spindle, but the nuclear envelope remains intact during division.
Eukaryotes are organisms with cells that have a nucleus and other membranous organelles. Unicellular is a single-celled organism. Unicellular organisms usually live in 2 ways, namely individually, and in colonies (gathering). Unicellular organisms are simpler than multicellular organisms.
Unicellular eukaryotic organisms are unicellular and eukaryotes. They are membrane-bound true nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles. Examples of eukaryotic unicellular organisms are fungi, yeasts, protozoa, and protists.
In unicellular organisms such as bacteria, cell division is carried out for the process of breeding or producing new individuals to maintain the continuity of the bacterial species.
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throughout the blue sequence, you will see pairs of nucleotides in light blue; in the red sequence, you may see pairs of nucleotides in orange. what do these pairs of nucleotides represent?
The fundamental component of nucleic acids is called a nucleotide (RNA and DNA). The components of a nucleotide are a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a base that contains nitrogen.
What is nucleotide?A nucleoside plus a phosphate make up the chemical compound known as a nucleotide. They function as monomeric units of the essential macromolecules found in all life forms on Earth, deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, which are both types of nucleic acid polymers.
A nucleotide is the fundamental component of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). A sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) is joined to a phosphate group and a base that contains nitrogen to form a nucleotide.
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are the four nucleotides, or bases, that make up DNA (T).
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18. What term describes any marketable item produced to satisfy wants or needs?
commodity
exchange
Bounty
Price
The term describes any marketable item produced to satisfy wants or needs " commodity".
In economics, goods are things that fulfill human needs and offer usefulness, such as to a customer buying a pleasant product.
The price at something that the dealer's total benefit is increased is the ideal pricing. When the price is too low, the vendor sells a large number of units yet doesn't make the highest possible overall profit.
The perfect price is that equilibrium at which it is possible to obtain excellent advantages as represented by the good or service we are providing. This is essential for anyone who was dedicated to a business endeavor because it is a relatively simple way for achieving better results.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (a)
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Answer: is A. commodity
Explanation:
i took a test and got it right:)
If plants need light to do photosynthesis, how do they survive when it gets dark?
Can a mature b cell produce an epitope-specific antibody first and then switch to make an antibody against a different epitope?.
Yes, a mature B cell can produce an epitope-specific antibody first and then switch to make an antibody against a different epitope.
Effector B cells can start secreting antibodies when they are still tiny lymphocytes, but the giant plasma cell that forms at the conclusion of their maturation process is able to secrete antibodies at an astounding pace of roughly 2000 molecules per second. B-cells can undergo receptor editing- a process to become antigen-specific and produce antibodies against different epitope with the help of T-cells.
A native or memory B cell multiplies and differentiates into an effector cell that secretes antibodies when it is activated by an antigen (with the help of a helper T cell). Such cells produce and secrete large amounts of soluble antibodies, which have the same specific antigen-binding site as the cell-surface antibodies that previously served as the antigen receptor. And it does the same for producing antibodies against a different antigen epitopes.
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Scientists discover a new organism deep in the amazon rainforest. It is multicellular and produces its own food through photosynthesis. It is most likely in the kingdom.
The multicellular, autotrophic creatures that make up the Kingdom Plantae are.
What is a case study of photosynthesis?Example: The dazzling things of nature that fall into this category are green plants. They complete a cycle of photosynthesis by ingesting carbon dioxide and converting this into carbohydrate (energy storage molecule).
What makes photosynthesis so crucial?The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform sunlight into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use. This mechanism primarily provides energy to the planet's life systems. By the norms of human engineering, it is not particularly effective, but it gets the job done.
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Choose all the right answers.
Which of the following plants store food in their leaves?
potatoes
carrots
lettuce
spinach
celery
Answer:
Spinach and lettuce
Answer:
lettuce
spinach
(2.2.1) Each biological parent contributes one chromosome, half of a chromosome pair, during fertilization. For example, when a sperm fertilizes an egg.
one chromosome from chromosome pair 1 is contributed by the sperm and another pair of chromosome 1 is contributed by the egg. Together, these two
chromosomes, called
O sister chromatids
O homologous chromosomes
O heterozygous chromosomes
O homologous chromatids
Each biological parent contributes one chromosome, half of a chromosome pair, during fertilization. Together, these two chromosomes are called (2) homologous chromosomes.
Fertilization is the process of the fusion of a male and a female gamete. This phenomenon occurs in the sexual method of reproduction. Each of the gamete need to be haploid so that a diploid cell can be generated after fertilization.
Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes where one chromosome is maternal while the other is paternal. These are similar chromosome with similar genes located at the same locus. The length of homologous chromosomes is also similar.
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Which body system is formed by all the structures that move blood through the body?.
Answer:
The vascular system, also called the circulatory system
Explanation:
The collective term for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels is ______ disease.
The collective term for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels is cardiovascular disease.
Heart is the main organ of the circulatory system which pumps blood to the whole body. The heart is made up of cardiac muscles that can maintain its contraction and relaxation on its own. There are 4 chambers of the heart: two upper atrium and two lower ventricles.
Blood vessels are the hollow tube like structures that mediate the flow of blood to the whole body. There are three varieties of blood vessels in the human body. These are: arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood to the heart and capillaries mediate the exchange of blood at the target site.
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large-scale cancer studies have found that the p53 gene is often mutated in tumor cells. in fact, the gene encoding the p53 protein is mutated in tumor cells more often than any of the other 20,000 human genes. based on this information, why was the bunz study important? large-scale cancer studies have found that the p53 gene is often mutated in tumor cells. in fact, the gene encoding the p53 protein is mutated in tumor cells more often than any of the other 20,000 human genes. based on this information, why was the bunz study important? a deeper understanding of the role of p53 in the cell cycle can improve our understanding of radiation and the damage done to dna. a deeper understanding of the cell cycle checkpoints can improve our understanding of how radiation damages dna and arrests the cell cycle. a deeper understanding of the role of p53 in the cell cycle can improve our understanding of other oncogenes associated with various cancers. a deeper understanding of the role of p53 in the cell cycle can improve our understanding of cancers and perhaps le
Because of the deeper understanding of the role of p53 in the cell cycle can improve our understanding of cancers and perhaps lead to new forms of treatment.
What is the function of p53?Instructions for producing a protein known as tumor protein p53 are found in the TP53 gene (or p53). This protein controls cell division by acting as a tumor suppressor, which means that it prevents cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too quickly or in an uncontrolled manner.In every cell of the body, the p53 protein is found in the nucleus, where it binds (attaches) to DNA. This protein plays a crucial role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self-destruct when the DNA in a cell is damaged by agents such as toxic chemicals, radiation, or ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight. If the DNA damage is fixable, p53 activates additional genes to repair the harm.Learn more about p53 refer :
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Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents _____.
A) nuclear envelope breakdown
B) elongation of microtubules
C) shortening of microtubules
D) formation of a cleavage furrow
Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents C) shortening of microtubules.
The anaphase is the stage of cell division during which the homologous chromosomes are pulled to either side of the cell by the microtubules present on the sides of the cell.
If shortening of the microtubules occurs due to a drug, then this means that the chromosomes will not be pulled by the microtubules to the sides during the anaphase. The chromosomes will not be separated equally into the daughter cells due to the shortening of the microtubules.
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How do people perceive the illusion caused by the Penrose triangle?
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
Energy
Explanation:
it's not/can't be any of the other answers
A food chain shows animals that survive off of each other's existence (ex. grass-rabbit-hawk) and energy is basically a fancy word for food (because food gives us energy).
A food chain represents one possible path that energy can flow through an ecosystem. (food = energy )
what do Germany people wear in Thanksgiving?
Explanation:
a casual white shirt
........
............
........
not a turket
What is the term for the expanded segment of the spinal cord where nerves that serve the shoulder and upper limbs exit?.
The expanded segment of the spinal cord, where nerves that serve the shoulder and upper limbs exit is known as cervical enlargement.
What is spinal cord?The spinal cord is an extension of the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord begins at the lower part of the brainstem (the area of the medulla oblongata) and ends at the waist where it tapers to form a cone called the spinal cord cone. It is a long cylindrical structure that connects the brain to the waist. It contains tissues, fluids, and nerve cells. A bony spine surrounds and protects the spinal cord. The spinal cord helps carry electrical nerve signals throughout the body.
The spinal cord and spinal column are divided into four regions from top to bottom:
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar SacralAn injury to the upper part of the spinal cord can paralyze most of the body and affect all limbs (called quadriplegia). A lower spinal cord injury can lead to leg and lower body paralysis (called paraplegia).
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Can we hypothesize that if the earth warms up, it will eventually cool off? Why?
: amino-acyl-trna synthetases attach amino acids to their cognate trnas. about amino-acyl-trna synthetases are usually found in most microbial cells. choose one: a. 20 b. 100 c. 2 d. 50 e. 5
There are generally 20 natural amino synthetases in most microbial cells.
What do cells do, and what are they?Cells are as basic structural components of all living organisms. A human body has many billions of cells. They provide the body with structure, take in nutrients from food, convert that into energy, and carry out certain functions.
What's a cell's structure?The three parts that make it up a cell are the cytoplasm, the nucleus, and also the outer layer. The cytoplasm contains tens of dozens of tiny, distinctive components known as organelles and intricate networks of microscopic fibers.
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why is the appearance of urine important to evaluate during an abdominal examination?
The appearance of urine is important to evaluate during an abdominal examination as Dark urine may be from dehydration.
An abdominal examination is a component of a physical examination in which a physician or nurse clinically examines a patient's abdomen for signs of disease. The physical examination usually follows a thorough medical history, in which the physician asks the patient about the progression of their symptoms.
The abdominal examination is traditionally divided into four stages: first, an inspection of the patient and visible abdominal characteristics. Abdominal auscultation (listening) with a stethoscope Abdominal palpation of the patient Finally, the patient's abdomen and abdominal organs are tapped. The abdominal exam is traditionally performed after the respiratory and cardiovascular exams in a complete physical examination.
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If a cell is no longer able to differentiate into any type of tissue, it has become ________.
Answer: Zygote
Explanation:
A zygote, also called a fertilized egg, is the phase of conception where the egg and sperm join to form a single cell. The zygote contains a full set of chromosomes, with 23 from the egg and 23 from the sperm. The zygote phase lasts only about four days, after which the single cell splits rapidly to become a blastocyst and then an embryo.
The primary function of the proximal tubule is secretion
a. true
b. false
The primary function of proximal tubule is reabsorption, selective reabsorption of useful substance by active transport. is false.
Nephron is basic functional unit of kidney.it consists of three parts-
The renal corpuscles
Filtering component
The renal tubule
The renal tubule is divided into -
1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
2. Loop of Henle
3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
PCT has high capacity for reabsorption as it is lined up with cuboidal epithelial cells which have a brush border to increase the surface area on apical side.
It completes the reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acid and important anions, including phosphate and citrate because it is the sole site of transport of the filtered solutes. Also plays an important role in regulating acid-base balance by reabsorbing approximately 80% of filtered bicarbonate.
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liquid produced due aerobic respiration that is one of the 3 major inputs to photosynthesis
Liquid produced due aerobic respiration that is one of the 3 major inputs to photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose and combines the damaged down merchandise with oxygen, making water and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is a waste manufactured from cardio respiratory due to the fact cells do now no longer want it.
Cellular breathing converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- merchandise and ATP is power this is converted from the process.
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What patterns or lack thereof do you notice about the locations of genes involved in wound healing?
The primary intention is the pattern in the locations of genes involved in wound healing.
Primary intention and secondary intention are the two fundamental categories of healing. There are four steps that take place in both types: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.
An essential growth factor for wound healing that encourages fibrosis is the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as CCN2 [33,34]. Dermal fibroblasts do not typically express CCN2, but during wound healing, CCN2 is expressed by fibroblasts.
Three fundamental processes—contraction, connective tissue matrix deposition, and epithelialization—are used in all cutaneous wounds to promote healing. When a wound is left open, the tissue moves toward the wound's center as a result of the interaction between cells and the matrix.
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which statement does not apply to all fungi? multiple choice fungi are thought to be descendants of a flagellated protist. fungal cell walls are composed of chitin. adult fungal cells are haploid. fungi produce gametes that are motile. fungi are chemoheterotrophic by absorption.
The incorrect statement about fungi is option D: fungi produce gametes that are motile.
In contrary to the above statement, fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually by producing a large number of tiny, light-weight spores that leave the parent organism by either floating on the wind or hitching a ride on an animal. Because there are so many spores dispersed, they are more likely to find a place where they can thrive. Their cell wall is made up of chitin, and adult hyphae is haploid in nature. Therefore, option D is incorrect.
Eukaryotic, non-vascular, immobile, heterotrophic creatures are fungi. They could be filamentous or unicellular. They generally spread spores to reproduce. The phenomena of generational alternation is seen in fungi. They are unable to carry out photosynthesis due to the absence of chlorophyll in them.
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PLEASE HURRY
what are the two major subdivisions of the nervous system?
The two major subdivisions of the nervous system
Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS). The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system; the rest of the body is made up of the peripheral nervous system. The brain receives signals from the spinal cord to process.The cranial cavity of the skull houses the brain, while the vertebral cavity of the vertebral column houses the spinal cord. The word "peripheral nervous system" refers to the location of the nervous system, which is outside of the brain and spinal cord. Saying that the CNS is what is inside these two compartments and the peripheral nervous system is what is outside of them is a bit oversimplified, but it is one way to begin to think about it.The distinction between central and peripheral nervous systems is not always universal and depends on several features of the nervous system. In reality, a few peripheral nervous system components are located in the cranial or vertebral cavities. The nervous system's "power plant" has been referred to as the peripheral nervous system. It functions similarly to a system that gathers data and issues commands. The autonomic nervous system and the sensory-somatic nervous system are the other two divisions of the PNS. Later on, both will be covered in more detail.To know more about nervous system check the below link:
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