Reverse transcriptase is used to make complementary DNA from RNA.
Which of the following is required to make complementary DNA?
Four basic reagents are needed to produce cDNA: mRNA as a template, dNTPs, reverse transcriptase, and primers.
What enzyme is used for cDNA?
In molecular biology, complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from an RNA template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RTase).
What is the function of reverse transcriptase?
It uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to change a specific piece of RNA into a matching piece of DNA.
Thus, reverse transcriptase is used to make cDNA from RNA.
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What is the difference between a molecule and a compound.
Question 5 options:
In a molecule, two or more same atoms are connected with the chemical bonds. However, in a compound, two or more, same or different atoms and molecules are connected.
In a molecule, two or more same molecules are connected with the chemical bonds. However, in a compound, two or more, same or different atoms and molecules are connected.
In a molecule, two or more same atoms are connected with the chemical bonds. However, in a molecule, two or more, same or different atoms and molecules are connected.
In a molecule, two or more same compounds are connected with the chemical bonds. However, in a compound, two or more, same or different atoms and molecules are connected.
Answer:The correct answer is the first one
Explanation:
In a molecule, two or more same atoms are connected with the chemical bonds. However, in a compound, two or more, same or different atoms and molecules are connected. ----btw pls give me the brainy thing<3
Which of the following states an accurate difference between the old Nutrition Facts label and the new Nutrition Facts label? Multiple Choice! A. The old label groups all dietary fiber together the new label distinguishes between types of dietary fiber. B. The old lobel lists Vitamin D and potassium; the new label lists Vitamins A and C. C. The old label omits listing total calories, the new label lists total calories. D. The old label groups all sugars together the new label distinguishes between naturally occurring and added sugars
D. The old label groups all sugars together the new label distinguishes between naturally occurring and added sugars.
Changes in old and new labels include modifying the list of required nutrients that must be declared on the label, updating serving size requirements, and providing a refreshed design.
Old nutrition facts label listed the amounts of several important vitamins and minerals, including calcium, iron, and vitamins A and C. However, vitamins A and C are no longer required to be listed on the new nutrition facts label. Nutrition Facts label requires count on total calories, total fat, sodium, total carbohydrate and protein
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when collecting a specimen for blood culture, some blood is placed into an aerobic bottle and will be exposed to a(n):
Some blood is put into an aerobic container after blood collection so that it can be exposed to an oxygen-free environment.
What is specimen ?An individual specimen of a species or kind of an animal, plant, mineral, etc., used for scientific analysis or presentation. a specimen used for medical testing, most often urine. The words example, case, illustration, instance, & sample are some frequent synonyms for specimen. The definition of "anything that demonstrates distinguishing traits in its category" is shared by all of these words, however the word "specimen" refers to almost any example or sample, whether it be representative or simply existent and available.
What is specimen in medical term and what are its types ?(Byopse Speh-men) bodily tissue that has been taken out and inspected under such a microscope to check for illness. Serum, virology swabs specimens, biopsy and involved or affected tissue, cerebrospinal fluid for PCR, urine samples, and tissue from necropsies are the biological sample types that are commonly accepted in clinical laboratories. To ensure efficient laboratory processing, these are collected in specialized containers. A holotype is a single specimen that has been specifically named by the species' first author as the "type" that bears the name. When the authors has not chosen a single holotype, a syntype is one of multiple specimens inside a series with equal rank that are utilized to characterize the new species.
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Which type of air mass is the most responsible for the cold weather that travels from canada to north carolina during the winter?.
The continental polar air mass is the most responsible for the cold weather that travels from Canada to north Carolina during the winter.
Air mass is the volume of the air which is measured according to its temperature and humidity. A certain air mass will have the same temperature and humidity all across it. When two different air masses interact they cause the change in weather.
Weather is the phenomenon that explains the exact climatic condition of a smaller area. Weather is considered by taking into account the temperature of the area along with the conditions like humidity, cloudy, windy, etc. Weather is a small time phenomenon as it changes from time to time and place to place.
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Before human occupation,what kind of vegetation predominated in the Inland South?
A)Grasses
B)Wetland plants
C)Forests
D)Both A and B
Forest vegetation is any mix of trees, saplings, shrubs, and plants that coexist in an area under disturbed or undisturbed circumstances in different forested plant communities, hence option C is correct.
What is vegetation?The quantity of fresh water and sediment reaching the shore has been altered as a result of dredging channels, diverting rivers, and erecting dams, which have an effect on natural ecosystems and landforms.
There are five main categories of vegetation regions: forest, grassland, tundra, desert, and ice sheet.
Kinds of plants may grow there depending on a variety of factors including climate, soil, water-holding capacity, and slope. Additionally, woods protect watersheds, stop soil erosion, and reduce climate change.
in the Inland South before the human occupation of forests, vegetation predominated, hence option C is correct.
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What type of results in genetic expression do you think may occur if even one nucleotide is not correctly transcribed from the DNA to the RNA? Explain.
Incorrect nucleotides are transitions or transversions. Transition or transversion mutants may affect the protein sequence (silent mutations), the amino acid sequence (missense mutations), or create a stop codon (known as a nonsense mutation) (known as a nonsense mutation).
What is mutation?A modification in the DNA sequence of an organism is referred to as a mutation. Errors in the replication of DNA during the process of cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infections are all potential sources of mutations.
If there is an error in one of the nucleotides, this suggests that there occurred either a transition or a transversion. It is possible for transition or transversion mutations to result in the protein sequence remaining unchanged (this is referred to as a silent mutation), a change in the sequence of amino acids (referred to as a missense mutation), or the creation of a stop codon (known as a nonsense mutation) (known as a nonsense mutation).
The same amount of genetic expression could be maintained if the mutation did not take place in the promoter region; nevertheless, the synthesis of a shorter protein would ensue from the presence of an early stop codon.
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If you were measuring the rate of reaction of cellobiase isolated from termite gut, what might happen if you:
Increase amounts of enzyme (cellobiase):
Increase amounts of substrate (cellobiose):
If we Increase amounts of enzyme(cellobiase), then the rate of reaction increases and if we increase amounts of the substrate then not all enzymes function under the same environmental conditions.
The process of converting cellulose, a substance found in plant cell walls and made up of long, bunched chains of glucose, to glucose is completed by the enzyme cellobiase.
If the concentration of the substrate, in this example the cellobiose specified in the question, is increased, the rate of reaction increases to a maximum value and then levels out. This is because all of the active sides of the enzyme finally become saturated by the substrate.
This is due to the fact that more substrate molecules will interact with enzyme molecules, producing more products. As the substrate concentration increases, the enzyme gets saturated with substrate.
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what percentage of the resulting offspring will possess a heterozygous genotype?
100 percent
75 percent
50 percent
25 percent
Answer 50%:
Probably, a 50 percent chance
Explanation:
The Punnett square below makes it very clear that at each birth there will be a 25% chance that you having a normal homozygous (AA) child, a 50% chance of a very healthy heterozygous (Aa) carrier child like you and your mate, and a 25% chance that a homozygous recessive (aa) child who could probably will eventually die from this
" I hoped I helped you : - ) "
Which of the following phase II metabolic reactions makes phase I metabolites readily excretable in urine?
A. Oxidation.
B. Reduction.
C. Glucuronidation.
D. Hydrolysis.
E. Alcohol dehydrogenation.
C. Glucuronidation.
Moreover, Phase II reactions consist of the addition of hydrophilic groups to the parent molecule, a toxic intermediate, or a nontoxic metabolite formed in Phase I that requires further transformation to increase its polarity. These reactions include conjugation reactions, glucuronidation, acetylation, and sulfation.
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what environment stimulates evolution of drug-resistant pathogens?
The presence of an enzyme called penicillinase results in drug-resistant pathogens.
What causes drug-resistant pathogens?
Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are the main drivers in the development of drug-resistant pathogens.
What is the function of penicillinase?
A bacterial strain exposed to penicillin may produce an extracellular enzyme called penicillinase which leaves the bacterial cell and degrades the penicillin around it by hydrolyzing the cyclic amide bond in the beta-lactam ring of penicillin and thus inactivates the antibiotic.
Thus, the presence of the enzyme penicillinase results in drug-resistant pathogens.
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which term describes the tertiary structural organization of chromosomal dna that allows the long strand to be packed and fit into the cytoplasm of the cell? double helix telomere base pairing supercoiling centromere
Supercoiling term describes the tertiary structural organization of chromosomal dna that allows the long strand to be packed and fit into the cytoplasm of the cell
What does supercoiling mean?A higher-order DNA structure is described by DNA supercoiling. Two complimentary strands are wound around one another and around a shared helical axis to form the double-helical structure of DNA.Supercoiling happens when the molecule twists around itself to release the helical stress. Positive supercoiling results from overtwisting, whereas negative supercoiling results from undertwisting. In a circular model, twist can be changed by severing the circle, over- or undertwisting, and then re-connecting the ends.Small intranucleosomal DNA loops arise in conjunction with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription through chromatin. DNA supercoiling builds up when Pol II is trapped inside a tiny loop,To learn more about Supercoiling refer to:
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Which type of stem cells have the ability to become any other type of body cell?
Answer:
Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
Explanation:
monoamine oxidase is important for modulating dopamine levels within the neuron. what effect does administration of a drug that inhibits monoamine oxidase have on dopamine levels?
Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are broken down in the central nervous system by monoamine oxidase enzymes.
In the brain, excitatory neurotransmitters including nor-epinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin are broken down and eliminated with the help of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). As seen in the majority of patients with depression, panic disorders, social dysphoria, and various neurodegenerative diseases, MAO degradation of these neurotransmitters causes reduced excitatory levels of neurons and reduces their functionality.
the monoamine oxidase enzyme The aforementioned neurotransmitters have higher levels and concentrations because inhibitors prevent them from degrading, which enables them to function and activate depressed neurons.
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Iron toxicity is a serious cause of poisoning in children. It may be fatal because of an ulcerogenic effect, resulting in which of the following?
A. Infection
B. Hemorrhage
C. Infarction
D. Kidney failure
Iron toxicity is a serious cause of poisoning in children. It may be fatal because of an ulcerogenic effect, resulting in infection.
Any element in a multivitamin supplement could be harmful in large doses, but iron and calcium pose the biggest threat. Large or hazardous amounts of calcium, vitamin D, as well as vitamin A, provide additional dangers.
Another of the simplest ways to raise hemoglobin levels includes using beetroot. And including folic acid, potassium, as well as fibre, it also has a significant amount of iron. Every day, consume beet juice to maintain a healthy blood count.
Therefore, the correct answer will be (c).
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which of the following would best characterize the organisms that inhabit the biome? responses habitat specialists would be most abundant, because they have broad niches. habitat specialists would be most abundant, because they have broad niches. generalists would be most abundant, because the resources available would be constantly changing. generalists would be most abundant, because the resources available would be constantly changing. generalists that feed only on animals would be more abundant in the summer months, while generalists that feed only on plants would be more abundant in the winter months. generalists that feed only on animals would be more abundant in the summer months, while generalists that feed only on plants would be more abundant in the winter months. specialists that live in trees would be more abundant in the summer months, whereas specialists that live in caves would be more abundant in the winter months.
Generalists would be most abundant, because the resources available would be constantly changing.
What is a biome?A biome often referred to as a major life zone, is a region with populations of plants and animals that have evolved together to survive in that specific environment. It is the largest global biotic unit and contains a number of communities with names derived from the dominating geographical characteristics of the area, such as grasslands, deserts, or woods. We can determine the type of life that exists in a biome by looking at factors such as temperature, soil, and water.
Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biomes are the three categories into which biomes can be divided. Grasslands, deserts, and tropical woods are all examples of terrestrial biomes. Polar freshwaters, sizable lakes, tropical and subtropical coastal rivers, temperate coastal rivers, and many more are examples of freshwater biomes. Continental shelves, tropical coral, and kelp forests are examples of marine biomes.
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Since the resources at hand will be continually shifting, generalists would be in great supply.
What two key variables would be the most reliable indicators of the population's standard of living?A population's capacity for expansion is greatest when a sizable portion of its members are in the pre-reproductive and reproductive cohorts. The two most crucial indicators for assessing a nation's general health are infant mortality and life expectancy.
What three qualities do a biome possess?Biomes. An place is categorized as having a certain biome based on the species that inhabit it. Scientists can identify a biome by defining the range of temperatures, the kind of soil, the amount of light, and the amount of water that are distinctive to that location. These factors create niches for particular species.
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The difference between the smooth and rough er is the _______ that are attached to the outside of the ________ er.
Difference between smooth and the rough end of plastic reticulated is that ribosomes are attached to the outside of the rough ER
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?The difference between rough ER and smooth ER is the presence of ribosomes. When ribosomes attach to the surface of an ER then it gives a rough appearance and hence it is called Rough ER. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface but is attached to its membrane.
The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, but its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough ER has ribosomes, which are small and round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins. Function of smooth ER is the synthesis of lipids, steroids and carbohydrates.
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What is the name for the chemicals that flood your body during periods of great stress, when your body becomes cortisol resistant and can cause damage to healthy cells if there is a storm of them?.
Cortisol is a chemical substance that causes stress in the body.
Cortisol, a major stress hormone, increases the level of sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream, improves the brain's use of glucose, and increases the availability of substances for tissue repair. Cortisol also dampens irrelevant or harmful functions in fight-or-flight situations.
Stress hormones include not only Cortisol which is the main human stress hormone but alsoCatecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. Vasopressin. Your body constantly produces tears to protect your eyes from irritation and keep them moist. If emotions cause you to cry, your tears contain additional ingredients. Cortisol is a stress hormone. Prolonged crying can wash away stressors.
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The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer containing proteins and carbohydrates. Choose three of the statements that accurately reflect the structure and its function.
Answer:The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer containing proteins and carbohydrates. Choose ALL of the statements that accurately reflect the structure and its function. 1. Membrane proteins may be enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions within the cell. 2. Membrane proteins may contain cholesterol to serve as identification tags for other cells. 3. Channel proteins allow a specific molecule to cross the cell membrane that is unable to cross the phospholipid bilayer unassisted. 4. Receptor proteins bind to ligands, initiating cell signaling pathways. 5. Molecules that are large or nonpolar must use membrane proteins for transport
most bony fish are or cold-blooded, with the exception of the tuna and mackerel shark family, which are , or warm-blooded.
Most fish are cold-blooded, but tunas and some sharks (such as white sharks) keep their exercising muscles warmer than the surrounding water. Because bony and cartilaginous fishes diverged as long as 450 million years ago, this ability is a remarkable example of convergent evolution.
Osteichthyes, also known as bony fish, is a diverse taxonomic group of fish with skeletons primarily made of bone tissue. They are distinguished from the Chondrichthyes by their cartilage-based skeletons. Bony fish include sunfish, bass, catfish, trout, and pike, as well as freshwater tropical fish found in aquariums. Tuna is another bony fish species.
Chondrichthyes is a class of cartilaginous fishes, which have skeletons made primarily of cartilage. They differ from the Osteichthyes, or bony fishes, which have skeletons made mostly of bone tissue. The cartilaginous fish are jawed fish with paired fins, paired nostrils, scales, two-chambered hearts, and cartilage skeletons rather than bone skeletons.
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invasive dental procedures can permanently or temporarily alter gustation. if taste sensations at the tip of the tongue are absent, which cranial nerve is most likely to be affected?
If taste sensations at the tip of the tongue are absent, Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve is most likely to be affected.
What is nerve?Nerves function as conduits for electrical impulses between your brain and the rest of your body. These impulses assist you in feeling feelings and moving your muscles. They also perform autonomic activities such as breathing, sweating, and digestion. Neurons are another name for nerve cells. In the human body, nerves are categorized into three categories based on their activities. There are three types of nerves: sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves. A nerve is a cord-like structure made up of fibers that carry sensory and motor impulses between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.
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In a body of water, a fish remains at a constant depth while motionless. In the same body of water, a person sinks while motionless. Why? more than one answer may be true.
A person sinks in a water body while a fish does not because the person has a higher density than the water, the fish displaces less water and also it has less volume, and it has a lesser density than the water.
A fish stays immobile at the same depth in a body of water. A person sinks in the same body of water while not moving. The idea has to do with mass, density, and volume. As a result of having a higher mass and volume than water, a person has a higher density than a fish because the latter displaces less water than the former. A person also has a higher mass than a fish. Therefore, option A, B, D, and E are correct. The mass per unit volume formula is used to compute density. It is described as the total mass that a body contains in relation to its volume. It can be represented as:
Density = mass/volume
This is consistent with the fact that fish have streamlined bodies in addition to their bodies not having any. Human bodies are not streamlined. In addition to its air bladder, a fish has gills that allow it to breathe underwater. This allows fish to survive.
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Complete question is:
In a body of water, a fish remains at a constant depth while motionless. In the same body of water, a person sinks while motionless. Why? more than one answer may be true.
Group of answer choices
The person has higher density than the water.
The fish displaces less water than the person.
The fish has a lower density than a person.
The fish has less volume than the water it displaces.
The person has more mass than the fish.
The fish has lower density than the water.
The person has more volume than the fish.
If pacific field male crickets in hawaii attract females by rubbing their wings together to sing, why is it that in some places up to 90% of the males no longer sing? how could this have evolved?.
If pacific field male crickets in Hawaii attract females by rubbing their wings together to sing, HMS Beagle.
Male crickets have shorter, sturdier wings with hard underside surfaces called a record. The pinnacle of the wing has a formation known as a scraper. To make his chirping tune, the male rubs the scraper of 1 wing in opposition to the file on the bottom of the other.
Even though both men and women have two cerci, the simplest women have an ovipositor. it can appear like third cerci, or appear to be an extraordinary length. lady crickets use this organ to put eggs into the soil. best male crickets chirp—they do that to attract a lady mate
.
Male crickets are the communicators of the species. The girls watch for the songs of the males to spur on the mating ritual. girl crickets do not chirp. males make a chirping sound by using rubbing the edges of their forewings collectively to name lady friends. This rubbing together is referred to as stridulation.
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The result of mitosis is that the daughter cells end up with the same number of chromosomes that the parent cell had. Another way to maintain the number of chromosomes would be to carry out cell division first and then duplicate the chromosomes in each daughter cell. Do you think this would be an equally good way of organizing the cell cycle? Why do you suppose that evolution has not led to this alternative?
Place the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks in the paragraph to complete the sentences.spread
advantageous
mutations
would be
could
deletions
would not be
parent
breaks in chromosomes
eliminated
disadvantageous
couldn't
daughter
The two resulting daughter cells would not be completely identical if divide first and then duplicate chromosomes.
The replication that occurs after division would generate mutations, which couldn't be repaired according to the parent cell. In this case, the genetic information would be inherited less accurately. This way of cell division would be disadvantageous for organisms and would likely be eliminated.
Normally before the cell divides completely, the chromosomes are duplicated identically and this division has several checkpoints to ensure that the process is going well. It is regulated by cyclin proteins. if it doesn't clear the checkpoint, it will not be allowed. So chromosome division is very well organized by the cell.
When the reverse happens, the chromosomal division may be collapsed incorporating mutations that are not gonna help the cells. when the cells get divided first.
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Mutalistic microorganisms in the gut are the most critical for the mammals that consume.
Mutualistic microorganisms in the gut are the most critical for the mammals that consume dairy and lactose containing foods.
Mutualistic microorganisms are those that live in the body of an organism and provide some kind of benefit to that organism. In return the organism provides the microorganism with shelter and food. For example, E. coli is the gut bacteria that helps in digestion of lactose in mammals.
Lactose is a carbohydrate. It is particularly a disaccharide formed by the bonding between galactose and glucose subunits. It is present in milk and milk-related products such as cheese, cream, etc. Some people are not able to digest lactose in there body, a condition called lactose intolerance.
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How many daughter cells are created during mitosis? Are the daughter cells the same as the parent cell?
45 points for this.
Multiple parts
Answer:
evaporation, condensation, cloud formation, precipitation
What is the formula for density? Responses
Answer:
Ρ = m/V
Explanation:
have a wonderful day
Explanation:
Density = Mass divided by volume
STEP 2
To the side, there are several pictures of materials. Choose the materials that you think will
best model the cells and how they are connected. Construct a model of each tissue using the
pictures. You will want to duplicate (ctrl+D) the picture several times to create your model.
Create the models in the space below.
Tissue in skin
Tissue in heart
The cells are connected to each other by cell-cell adhesions.
The majority of the mechanical loads are carried by the cell-cell adhesions, which hold the cells together. Strong intracellular protein filaments, which are cytoskeleton elements, span each epithelial cell's cytoplasm and adhere to certain junctions in the plasma membrane to accomplish this.
The skin is made up of three tissue layers: the epidermis, and the outermost layer. The middle layer is the dermis. The bottom, or fatty layer, is the hypodermis. A coating is provided by epithelial tissue (skin, the linings of the various passages inside the body)
Only the heart contains cardiac muscle tissue, a unique, well-organized form of tissue. It is in charge of keeping the heart beating and the blood flowing throughout the body.
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Correctly identify each structure and process in the central dogma theory below A, B, C represent a macromolecule, and 1,2,3 represent a process. A: DNA
B:mRNA
C:Protein
1:Replication
2:Transcription
3:Translation
In central dogma theory, copying of DNA to form another daughter DNA is (1) replication, conversion of DNA to RNA is (2) transcription and conversion of RNA to protein is (3) translation.
Transcription is the process where information from DNA is used to synthesize RNA. The location of transcription in eukaryotes is the nucleus. This process is accomplished in three steps: initiation, elongation and termination. The enzyme used for this RNA polymerase.
Translation is the process of the formation of proteins from RNA. This process occurs in the ribosome present in the cytoplasm. Information for making proteins is present in the m-RNA. But t-RNA and r-RNA are also required for the process.
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Several features are unique to vertebrates. Complete the following sentences related to vertebrate characteristics by selecting from the terms provided.
For the majority of vertebrates, the __________ is replaced by the vertebral column during embryonic development.
Vertebrates also have a well-differentiated head with three pairs of well-developed __________.
In addition to these two key characteristics, this group possesses a group of embryonic cells called the __________ that contribute to the development of many vertebrate features.
These features include a heart and a __________.
These and other internal organs are surrounded by an __________ that provides extraordinary powers of movement.
For the majority of vertebrates, the vertebral column is replaced by the vertebral column during embryonic development.
What are vertebrates?Organisms with an internal backbone, sometimes known as a vertebra, are referred to as vertebrates. They have a robust bone skeleton that anchors muscle and supports the body's tissue. Invertebrates are defined as animals without spines.
Mammals typically have hair or fur on their body and warm blood. Mammals give birth to live young, which their mothers nourish with milk. Humans are mammals, but lions, cats, and sheep are other examples of mammals. Birds have beaks, feathers, wings, and two legs. They also have warm-blooded bodies. On land, they lay their eggs.
In water, fish both mate and lay their eggs. They lack lungs and have gills in place of legs. Reptiles are land- and water-based animals. They are cold-blooded and have scales. This indicates that they require a warm environment because they are unable to stay warm on their own.
Therefore, For the majority of vertebrates, the vertebral column is replaced by the vertebral column during embryonic development.
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