Wave-Particle Duality theory states that all matter exhibits wavelike motion.
According to the Wave-Particle Duality theory, both particles and waves can have characteristics that are similar to one another. This definition is opposed to Newtonian physics or classical mechanics. De Broglie (1892-1987) put up a solution to this quandary in 1924. He believed that waves characterize all moving objects. He combined linear momentum with the Planck constant.
E = hv = hc/λ
so
λ=hcE........(1)
and
p = E/c = mv
(p is the momentum of the object, m is the object's mass, and v is the velocity of the object) so
E = mvc
Plug this into (1), we have
λ = hc/mvc = h/mv
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substance normal boiling point hf 293k f2 85k the electron cloud of hf is smaller than that of f2 , however, hf has a much higher boiling point than f2 has. which of the following explains how the dispersion-force model of intermolecular attraction does not account for the unusually high boiling point of hf?
The electron cloud of HF is smaller than that of F₂. The following explains the dispersion-force model of intermolecular attraction does not account for the unusually high boiling point of HF is : liquid F₂ has weak dispersion force of attraction between the molecules and HF has both the weak dispersion force of attraction and hydrogen bonding between molecule.
The both dispersion force and the hydrogen bonding intermolecular attraction is present in the molecule of HF. this is the reason that HF has much higher boiling point than F₂. HF has high electronegativity difference between atoms, the molecules of HF will be tightly packed and have higher boiling point.
Thus, The electron cloud of HF is smaller than that of F₂. The following explains the dispersion-force model of intermolecular attraction does not account for the unusually high boiling point of HF is : liquid F₂ has weak dispersion force of attraction between the molecules and HF has both the weak dispersion force of attraction and hydrogen bonding between molecule.
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what is the total pressure of a gaseous mixture that contains three gases with partial pressures of 0.845 atm, 120 torr and 210 mm hg?
The total pressure of a gaseous mixture that contains three gases with partial pressures is 972 torr.
When more than one gas is present in a container, each gas exerts pressure, which is known as partial pressure. Its partial pressure refers to the pressure of any gas inside the container.
According to Dalton's Law, also known as the Law of Partial Pressures, the combined pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of their individual partial pressures.
1 - 0.845 atm - 0.854 atm x 760 Torr/atm = 642 torr
2 - 120 torr
3 - 210 mmHg - 1 mmhg is almost equivalent to 1 torr - therefore its 210 torr
total pressure - 642 + 120 + 210 = 972 torr
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write the balanced dissociation equation for solid sodium acetate in aqueous solution. if it does not dissociate, simply write only nr.g be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction.
The dissociation reaction of sodium acetate in water is:
CH3COONa + H2O ⇒ CH3COOH + NaOH
A dissociation reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more compounds. This reaction occurs reversibly when molecules differentiate or decompose into smaller particles such as atoms, ions and radicals. A dissociation reaction can be recognized when there is only one reactant and multiple products.
The general formula of dissociation reaction is:
AB→A+B
When dissociation reactions occur in water, the polarity of water dissolves ionic compounds in the water. The cations of compounds are attracted to the negative poles of water molecules, and the negative ions of compounds are attracted to the positive poles of water molecules.
Question mentions sodium acetate as a compound that reacts with water molecules in a dissociative reaction. When sodium acetate (or ) dissolves in water, it decomposes to form two different types of ions - CH3COO- and Na+ and ; On the other hand, water molecules dissociate into ions. It then reacts with a weak acid, acetic acid ( CH3COOH), which in turn reacts to form a strong base, sodium hydroxide ( NaOH), making the solution alkaline.
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What element is the Bohr model built on?
Bohr's work was primarily based on the emission spectra of hydrogen. This is also referred to as the planetary model of the atom. It explained the inner workings of the hydrogen atom. Hope this helps.
. What is the mass of 4.75 mL of aluminum if its density is 2.1 g/mL?
Answer:
. What is the mass of 4.75 mL of aluminum if its density is 2.1 g/mL?
Explanation:
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If a fluid has an average speed of 0. 5 m/s through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 2m2 what is the fluid’s average speed if the cross-sectional area is changed to 4m2.
If a fluid has an average speed of 0. 5 m/s through a pipe with a cross-sectional area of 2 m², the fluid’s average speed will be 0.25 m/s
Initial average speed of fluid (v₁) = 0.5 m/s
Initial cross-sectional area of pipe (A₁) = 2 m²
Final cross-sectional area of pipe (A₂) = 4 m²
Final average speed of fluid (v₂) = ?
We will find out the final average speed of the fluid (v₂) by using the following equation:
A₁ v₁ = A₂ v₂
Rearrange the equation for v₂
v₂ = A₁ v₁ / A₂
Put the values in the above equation
Final average speed of fluid v₂ = (0.5 m/s × 2 m²) / 4 m²)
Final average speed of fluid v₂ = 1 m/s / 4
Final average speed of fluid v₂ = O.25 m/s
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Describe reasonable syntheses of benzophenone, CH.CC,Hs, from each of the following Starting materials and any necessary inorganic reagents. (a) Benzoyl chloride and benzene (e) 1,1,2,2-Tetraphenylethene, (CH3)C=C(CH),
Benzene treated with Bromine in the prep of lewis Acid Bromo Benzene is formed, After that magnesium metal is used in This Grignard reagent treated with Benzoyl- chloride Benzophenone is synthesized.then Grignard reagent fomeel.
When 1, 1, 2,2, tetraphenyl ethene, on ozonolysis the alkene change into ketone, thus Benzophenone is formed.
Benzoyl chloride is an acyl chloride composed of benzene with one hydrogen replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the production of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals.
It acts as a carcinogen. To convert benzene to benzyl chloride he used two techniques. Fielded-Crafts alkylation reaction. Halogenated. There is evidence that α-chlorinated toluene and benzoyl chloride cause lung cancer in humans and benzoyl chloride has been shown to cause skin cancer in animals.
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Which of the following statements correctly reflects the most important consequence of Paull's exclusion principle? Click the answer you think is right.
a. An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons as long as they have the same spin.
b. An energy level can hold a maximum of two electrons of opposite spin.
c. An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons as long as they have opposite spins.
d. Orbits fill from lower to higher energy levels.
An atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons as long as they have the same spin. correct option is (A).
Pauli exclusion principle for -
electrons says that no electrons can have the same values of the four quantum numbers in an atom. Quantum numbers are principle quantum number (denoted $5^{\prime} n^{\prime}$ )
it is also know as energy states. $n=1,2,3,4 \ldots$ (Also known as shell)
ii) Azimuthal quantum number (denoted as ' $l$ ') \\Azimuthal quantum number is decided based on th$m_s=\pm \frac{1}{2}$. The spin of electrons in an orbital will be opposite to each $\theta$ other and values are $+\frac{1}{2},-\frac{1}{2}$So :-\\Energy level, $n > 1$ can hold more than two electrones.
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Question 5 (1 point)
How many oxygens are on the products side of this equation?
C₂H6+ O₂ --> CO2 + H₂O
3
1
2
5
Answer: 3
Explanation:
The product side is usually the right side, so it's the CO₂ + H₂O. Just count the number of O's:
CO₂ = 2 O'sH₂O = 1 OSo, there are 3 oxygens on the product's side of this equation.
A glass vessel fitted with a stopcock has a mass of
337.425 g when evacuated. When filled with Ar, it
has a mass of 339.855 g When evacuated and
refilled with a mixture of Ne and Ar, under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure, it weighs
339.077 g
What is the mole percent of Ne in the gas mixture?
The mole percent of Ne in the mixture is 64.8%.
The mass of glass vessel with stopcock is 337.425 g.
The mass of glass vessel with stopcock and Ar is 339.856 g.
The mass of Ar is 339.856 g-337.425 g=2.431 g
The atomic eight of Ar is 39.948 g/mol
What will the number of moles of Ar be?
{2.431 g}{39.948 g/mol}=0.06085mol
The mass of glass vessel with stopcock is 337.425 g.
The mass of glass vessel with stopcock and mixture of Ne and Ar is 339.077 g.
The mass of mixture of Ne and Ar is 339.077g-337.425g=1.652 \ g
Since the conditions of temperature and pressure are same, and the volume is also same (same glass vessel is used), the number of moles of only Ar and mixture Ar+Ne will also be same
The number of moles of mixture of Ne and Ar = 0.06085.
Let x moles of Ne are present. 0.06085-x moles of Ar will be present
The atomic weight of Ne is 20.18 g/mol
Mass of Ne is 20.18x g. The mass of Ar is
39.948 (0.06085-x) g =(2.431-39.948x) g
Total mass of the mixture is 20.18x \ g+(2.431-39.948x) g =( 2.431-19.768x) g
But total mass of mixture is 1.652 g
1.652g =( 2.431-19.768 x)g
19.768x = 2.431-1.652
19.768x =0.779
x =0.0394
Hence, the mole percent of Ne in the mixture is 100 x=64.8\%.
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Earth i approximately 4. 5 billion year old. I it likely that any of the rock that were on Earth' urface when it firt formed are till in exitence?
Yes, the Earth's surface has changed very little since its formation.
What is earth's surface?
As the earth to be understood completely has to be modeled and thus based on some sort of functionality as the further development and the knowledge of geographic research can be widened.
Thus geographers have created the maps and the globe to project the image of the earth landscape on the flat piece of paper and hence create a more detailed account of the lands, oceans and the surface of the part with effects. Earth's crust is made of igneous, metamorphic, as well as sedimentary rocks, which range in composition from mud as well as clay to diamonds and coal. Igneous rocks, which are created when magma cools, are the most prevalent types of rocks in the crust. Granite and basalt are abundant igneous rocks in the crust of the Earth.
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which of the following ethers cannot be prepared by a williamson ether synthesis? group of answer choices anisole tert-butyl methyl ether isopropyl ethyl ether tert-butyl phenyl ether
The following ether that cannot be prepared by a Williamson ether synthesis is Tert-butyl phenyl ether. Option D.
In Williamson ether synthesis alkoxides react with primary alkyl halides or sulfonate esters. Alkoxides are made from the conjugate bases of alcohols and consist of an R group attached to an oxygen atom. They are often written RO-, where R is an organic substituent.
Williamson synthesis always uses primary alkyl halides. Williamson's synthesis requires tert-butyl bromide and sodium tert-butoxide to produce di-tert-butyl ether. The product obtained is isobutylene and not di-tert-butyl ether. It is used in the production of both simple and mixed ethers. Alkyl halides are heated with alcoholic sodium or potassium alkoxides to form the corresponding ethers.
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Calculate the number of moles of NaCl in 534 grams of NaCl.
Answer: 9.13 mol
Explanation:
The equation that would be used is n=m/M (n=number of moles m=mass M=molar mass)
We know the m is 534g so to find the number of moles we need to know the molar mass (found on the periodic table)
THe molar mass of NaCl is 58.5
n= 534/58.5
n= 9.13 mol (3sf)
identify necessary precautions when carrying out a vacuum filtration with organic materials.
while carrying out a vacuum filtration with organic materials these things should be kept in mind always;
1. melting point should be estimated by quick heating.
2. melting should be observed carefully by supplying slow heating.
3. careful measurement should be recorded during filtration.
vacuum filtration is also known as suction filtration used for separating the solid particles from the liquids by applying a driving force that pulls the liquid from the filter and the solid remains outside the filter. examples of vacuum filtration are making tea as we can separate tea leaves from tea by using a strainer in a cup.
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I am named after the person who made the first periodic table and have 157 nuetronsin my nucleus
The element Mendelevium has 157 neutrons in its nucleus and is named after Dmitri Mendeleev who made the first periodic table.
What is the Mendelevium element?Mendelevium can be described as a synthetic element with the chemical symbol Md and atomic number 101. It is placed as a metallic radioactive transuranium element in the actinide series. This element is the first element by an atomic number that currently cannot be generated in macroscopic amounts by neutron bombardment of lighter elements.
The atomic mass of this element is 258 so it has 157 neutrons in its nucleus. The most stable is Md -258 with a half-life of 51 days, however, the shorter-lived Md-256 (half-life of 1.17 hours).
Mendelevium was discovered by bombarding alpha particles in 1955 and was named after Dmitri Mendeleev, father of the periodic table of chemical elements.
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Which atom, listed below, has an ionization energy that is different than you would
predict based off ENC values?
O Ge
O As
O Br
O Se
Ge has an ionization energy that is different than you would predict based off ENC values.
What is ionization therapy?Ionization enthalpy, which is used to turn an isolated gaseous atom into a gaseous cation, is the minimal amount of energy needed to remove the loosestly bonded electron.
Electron volts (eV) per atom, kilocalories per mole, or kilojoules per mole are used as units of measurement. Both the force of attraction between electrons and the nucleus and the force of repulsion between electrons are factors affecting I.E.
In an electric discharge tube, where a fast-moving electron produced by an electric current collides with a gaseous atom of the element, causing it to eject one of its electrons, the ionization energy of a chemical element, expressed in joules or electron volts, is typically measured.
Therefore, Ge has an ionization energy that is different than you would predict based off ENC values.
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Since hot packs release heat, you might assume that cold packs release cold. Use the definition of endothermic to explain why this view of cold packs is not accurate.
Cold packs release cold is not an endothermic reaction as it absorbs heat from the surroundings.
Endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding to form a product .the entropy of the surrounding decreases.in endothermic reaction enthalpy change is positive.since hot packs release heat it involves endothermic reaction.it is a type of enterogenic reaction.it involves decrease in temperature as it absorb heat from the enviroment.it stores energy in the form of reaction.bond breaking requires energy while bond making release energy.Enthalpy change is the amount of energy absorbed in a reaction carried out at a constant pressure.Entropy is the measure of the disorder of the system.this explains hotpack release hot is a endothermic reaction and cold pack won't release cold.
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Answer:
Cold absorbs heat
Explanation:
Endothermic means accompanied by or requiring the absorption of heat, this view is not accurate because cold absorbs heat.
In a lewis structure involving iodine and fluorine, if the central iodine atom has exactly one lone pair, how many fluorine atoms must be present?.
In a Lewis structure involving iodine and fluorine, if the central iodine atom has exactly one lone pair, so the five Florine atom must be present
A Lewis structure is a very simplified representation of the valence shell electron in a molecule and it is used to show how the electron are arranged around individual atom in a molecule and electron are shown as dot or for bonding electron as a line between the atom and since there is lone pair of electron on the iodine that means precisely 2 of the 7 valence electron are not shared with a fluorine atom and the remaining 5 are each shared with 1 fluorine atom and so there must be 5 fluorine atom surrounding central iodine atom
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a transition metal ion, x3 , has the electronic configuration [ar] 3d4. determine the atomic number of element x.
The element is Manganese (Mn).
The transition metal electronic configuration in the +3 oxidation state is [Ar]3d4 The neutral element electronic configuration is [Ar]4s 2 3d 5, Atomic number should be =25. Therefore the element is Manganese(Mn).
The atomic number is the number of a chemical element in the periodic table. Elements are arranged according to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus. Therefore, the number of protons, which is always equal to the number of electrons in neutral atoms, is also the atomic number. The atomic number is simply the number of protons in an atom. For this reason, it is sometimes called the proton number.
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water is a polar solvent and hexane is a nonpolar solvent. which solvent would each of the following most likely be soluble in? a. ethanol (c2h5oh) b. octane (c8h18) c. potassium chloride d. hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)
Water is a polar solvent and hexane is a nonpolar solvent and therefore solvent that each would be soluble in are explained.
What is polar and non polar solvent?Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes. Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes. Water is a polar solvent and it will dissolve salts and other polar molecules and not non-polar molecules like oil. Petrol is a non-polar solvent and it dissolve in oil, but does not mixes with water.
Ethanol are soluble in both water and hexane.
Benzene, carbon dioxide and tetrachloromethane is soluble in octane as these compounds are nonpolar.
Potassium chloride is maximum soluble in water.
Hydrogen peroxide is also completely water soluble.
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What is the correct term for rising water vapor meeting colder air and turning back into water droplets?.
A cycle consists of a carefully balanced set of molecules. In order for the cycle to continue, this balance must be maintained. How many turns of the calvin cycle must occur before one molecule of g3p can leave?.
The Calvin cycle must occur before the molecule exits g3p is 3.
Three Calvin cycles are required to make the G3P molecule. This allows the G3P molecule to break out of the cycle and continue making glucose. All three requirements are required:
Chlorophyll pigments, chloroplast "theater" and enzyme catalysis. In the first stage, it converts light energy into chemical energy, which until then is stored in ATP and NADPH molecules.
In the second step of the Calvin Cycle, the carbon-fixed 3-PGA molecule is converted to the monosaccharide molecule glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This stage uses energy from ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The Calvin cycle harnesses the chemical energy of ATP and reduces the power of NADPH from a light-dependent reaction to produce tricarbonate.
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Why is taq dna polymerase used in pcr reactions rather than a normal dna polymerase?.
Taq polymerase can withstand the high temperatures involved in PCR reactions whereas other normal DNA polymerases can get degenerated due to such high temperatures.
What is Taq polymerase?
In honour of the psychrophilic eubacterial microorganism Thermophiles aquaticus, from which it was first isolated by Chien et al. in 1976, I gave the thermostable DNA polymerase Taq its name. Taq as well as Taq pol are common shortened forms of its name. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique for greatly amplifying the quantity of brief segments of DNA, frequently employs it. The bacterium T. aquaticus is found in hot springs as well as hydrothermal vents, as well as Taq polymerase was found to be an enzyme that could withstand the protein-denaturing temperatures needed for PCR. Thus, it took the place of the DNA polymerase from E. coli that was initially utilised in PCR.
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Anna is conducting an experiment to determine how weather affects cell phone reception. She is trying to decide the best way to conduct her experiment in order to collect meaningful data.
Which of the following experiments would help Anna collect the best data?
A.
Test a cell phone's reception in the exact same location under various atmospheric conditions.
B.
Test different cell phones in different locations on days with rainy weather.
C.
Test different cell phones in different locations on days with clear weather.
D.
Test a cell phone's reception in one location with clear weather and in another location with rainy weather.
Answer: A
Explanation: Components of an experiment:
Independent variable:
A manipulated variable, in an experiment or study, whose presence or degree incurs a change in the dependent variable.
Dependent variable:
A variable which is being studied in the experiment and is supposed to change with respect to the independent variable.
Control variable:
Control variable includes the variables which are of no concern in the experiment and must be constant so that they do not interfere with the results of the experiment. Change in control variable might affect the results of an experiment.
In Anna's experiment, the independent variable is the atmospheric conditions. The dependent variable is cell phone reception that will change according to the atmospheric conditions. All other things related to the experiment are control variables like cellphone, location of the cell phone. Both of these must stay constant to collect the best data.
Hence, the best option is A.
Why was heat needed to cause the zinc coating to diffuse into layers of copper?
Answer:
When the silver-colored penny is heated, the outside zinc atoms and inside copper atoms move around because of the heat excitement. This makes the outer layer of zinc mix with the copper below, which becomes an alloy called yellow brass
Explanation:
the half-life of calcium-48 is 43 years. how long will it take a 44 mg sample to decay to a mass of 11 mg?
The half-life of calcium-48 is 43 years it take a 44 mg sample to decay to a mass of 11 mg 86 years
Half life is the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay
Here given data is
t1/2 = 43 year
N₀ = 44mg
Nt = 11 mg
t = ?
So the formula is
Nt = N₀ (1/2)t/t1/2
11 mg = 44mg(1/2)t/43
11 mg/ 44mg = (1/2)t/43
log (0.25) = t/43 log (1/2)
t = 43 log (0.25)/log 0.5
t = 86 years
86 years will it take a 44 mg sample to decay to a mass of 11 mg
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How would you carry out the following transformation, a step used in the commercial synthesis of (S)-ibuprofen? The transformation occurs in the commercial synthesis of (S)-ibuprofen is,
Step 1: Conversion of the alcohol to the tosylate
Reaction of the alcohol via the tosylate occurs in only one inversion and the product stereochemistry has the opposite stereochemistry to that of the starting alcohol compound.
Step 2: Commercial Synthesis of (S)-Ibuprofen
Under certain conditions, reactions are known to have OH as a bad leaving group. p-TosCl is an excellent leaving group and the reaction of alcohols with toluenesulfonate occurs rapidly under these conditions. This gives the desired product with the configuration reversed at the chiral carbon.
Synthesis of (S)-ibuprofen is shown in the attached figure.
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suppose you are studying an unknown solution based on its precipitation reactions with other solutions, resulting in this data table.
na2so4 nacl na2co3
Unknown Precipitate No reaction Precipitate
Which compounds might be your unknown?
a. Pb(NO3)2
b. AgNO3
c. Ba(NO3)2
d. Ca(NO3)2
e. Sr(NO3)2
Ba(N03)2 is the unknown compound. correct option is (C).
Na2So4 -----> precipitate
Nacl ---------> No reaction
Na2Co3 --------> precipitate
Ba (No3)2 + Na2So4 -----------> BaSo4 (s) + 2 NaNo3 (aq)
Here white precipitate of barium sulphate will be produced.
Ba (No3)2 + Na2Co3 ------------> BaCo3 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
Here white precipitate of barium carbonate will be produced.
Titration is a process of chemical analysis in which the quantity of some constituent of a sample is determined by adding to measured sample to an exactly known quantity of another substance with which the desired constituent reacts in a definite, known proportion.
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How would the shape of a dna molecule change if adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine?.
The DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length.
What occurs when thymine and cytosine and adenine and guanine are combined?Hydrogen bonds connect the bases of one strand to the bases of the second strand. Both adenine and cytosine form constant connections with thymine and guanine, respectively. The two strands spiral around one another as a result of the bonding, forming a structure known as a double helix.
As shown in panel C, no hydrogen bonds could form between adenine (A) and cytosine (C) because their hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are incompatible. Thymine and guanine are incompatible with one another.
Thymine and Cytosine have smaller chemical structures than Adenine and Guanine, which have bigger structures. Adenine and Thymine always pair with each other while Cytosine and Guanine do the same. This is due to the size and structure of the individual nucleotides. As a result, the two DNA strands are viewed
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a sample of xenon gas occupies a volume of 6.56 l6.56 l at 499 k.499 k. if the pressure remains constant, at what temperature will this same xenon gas sample have a volume of 3.38 l?
The temperature at which the xenon gas will have a volume of 3.38 litres is calculated to be 257.1 K.
How to calculate temperature in relation to volume when pressure is constant?Charles' law, which states that, provided the pressure is constant, the volume occupied by a particular quantity of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. According to the law, volume increases with increasing temperature and decreases with decreasing temperature, applies when pressure is constant. The relationship equation for the Charles's law can be written as-
[tex]V_{i}[/tex]/[tex]T_{i}[/tex]= [tex]V_{f}[/tex]/[tex]T_{f}[/tex]
where,
[tex]V_{i}[/tex] = initial volume
[tex]T_{i}[/tex] = initial absolute temperature
[tex]V_{f}[/tex] = final volume
[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = final absolute temperature
According to the given question,
[tex]V_{i}[/tex] = 6.56 litres, [tex]T_{i}[/tex] = 499 Kelvin, [tex]V_{f}[/tex] = 3.38 litres, [tex]T_{f}[/tex] = ?
The temperature is given in Kelvin so we can put it as it is. So, on applying the given values in the formula:
6.56 / 499 = 3.38 / [tex]T_{f}[/tex]
Now, for final temperature we can rearrange the equation to get-
[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = (3.38 × 499) / 6.56
[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 257.1 K
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