The counter-current method is the most efficient because it maintains the same concentration gradient over the whole length of the circuit.
The heat transfer performance of counter flow, on the other hand, may be up to 15% more effective, depending on the flow rate and temperature, allowing for the use of a smaller heat exchanger and saving both money and space.
One of the key advantages of counter-current flow is its capacity to extract more heat from the heating fluid. It is crucial to note that the LMTD value for counter-current flow is much larger than for concurrent flow at the same terminal temperature.
A phenomenon known as countercurrent exchange, which occurs in nature and is imitated in industry and engineering, involves the crossover of a certain attribute, typically heat or a chemical, between two flowing bodies moving in opposite directions.
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How do icebergs form in saltwater?
An iceberg is formed by the broken part of a large glacier that floats into the sea. The iceberg is composed of fresh water, just like the glaciers or ice in the North Pole. Since, freshwater is less thick than salty seawater, icebergs float in the water.
When chunks of ice break off the end of a glacier that is flowing into ocean, icebergs are created.
Since, seawater has a slightly higher density than ice, the iceberg floats with the majority of its mass below the surface. A cork, on the other hand, floats quite near to the water's surface due to its density, which is around 20% that of water.
As moving icebergs are dangerous, they have never been a main supply of drinking water. Freshwater is released by melting glaciers and icebergs, which also lowers the salinity of the surrounding sea.
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If you pound a feather with a hammer, which one feels a greater force? a. always the hammer both feather moves, then it felt the greater force. b. therwise the force the same on both. c. always the feather d. The size of the force is always exactly the same on both of them.
If you pound a feather with a hammer, which one feels a greater force always the hammer both feather moves, then it felt the greater force.
What is the force?
Force is an influence that produces a change in the motion of an object. It is measured in units of mass times acceleration, or newtons (N). Force is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. Force can cause an object to accelerate, decelerate, remain in motion, change direction, or alter shape. Examples of forces include gravity, friction, tension, and magnetism. Forces can also be generated by electrical, thermal, and nuclear energy. All forces are generated by the interaction of two objects and can be balanced or unbalanced. Unbalanced forces will cause an object to move or accelerate and balanced forces will cause an object to remain stationary or in motion at a constant speed.
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A lottery machine uses blowing air to keep 2000 ping-pong balls bouncing around inside a 1. 0m×1. 0m×1. 0m box. The diameter of a ping-pong ball is 3. 0 cm. What is the mean free path between collisions?
The mean free path between collisions is 1.41 mm.
The mean free path between collisions in a gas can be calculated using the formula: mean free path = 1 / (density x collision cross-section)
To calculate the mean free path between collisions for the ping-pong balls, we first need to calculate the number density of the balls, which is the number of balls per unit volume. Since the box is 1m x 1m x 1m, and the diameter of a ping-pong ball is 0.03m, the volume of the box is 1m^3 and the volume of a single ball is 4/3 * pi * (0.03/2)^3 = 2.5*10^-5 m^3.
Therefore, the number density of the balls is 2000 / 1 = 2000 balls/m^3.
The collision cross-section of a sphere is given by the formula:
cross-section = pi * (diameter / 2)^2
So, the collision cross-section of a ping-pong ball is pi * (0.03 / 2)^2 = 7.07 * 10^-4 m^2
Therefore, the mean free path between collisions is:
mean free path = 1 / (2000 x 7.07 * 10^-4) = 1.41 * 10^-3 m or 1.41 mm
This means that the ping-pong balls in the lottery machine are colliding on average every 1.41mm.
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What is the largest force that an energy source containing 100 joules can exert continuously over a distance of 25 meters?
The largest force that an energy source containing 100 joules can exert continuously over a distance of 25 meters is 25 Newtons (N).
This means that the energy source can exert a force of 25 N for every 100 joules of energy it contains.
The equation for calculating force is Force = Work/Distance (F = W/D).
So, in this case, Force = 100 Joules/25 Meters = 25 Newtons.
Force is a push or pull exerted on an object. It is measured in units of Newtons (N) and is calculated by dividing the amount of work done by the distance over which the work is done. Force can be used to cause an object to accelerate, change its direction, or change its shape.
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Is the torque the product of force and lever arm?
Lever arm length and force applied perpendicular to a lever arm are multiplied to create torque. A scalar quantity called torque has two possible directions: clockwise and counterclockwise.
What is the force times the lever arm's product?A force applied perpendicular to a lever arm produces a torque, which is the result. The distance that runs perpendicularly from the pivot point, or the center of rotation, to the location where the force is delivered, is known as the lever arm or moment arm. A pivot point is always used to define a torque.
How do you multiply torque?Each gearing stage of a torque multiplier amplifies the torque applied to the bolt. For instance, a torque multiplier with a 5:1 ratio will produce an output at the shaft that is five times the torque, but because no energy can be produced, the speed will only be one fifth of the original.
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What is the relationship between mass thermal energy transfer kinetic energy and temperature?
The relationship between mass thermal energy transfer kinetic energy and temperature is: When the temperature of an object raises, the average kinetic energy of its particles raises. When the average kinetic energy of its particles raises, the object's thermal energy raises.
The thermal energy in a substance is the whole kinetic energy of all the particles in the substance. If we warm a substance or object, as each particle speeds up, the average speed of the particles (temperature) raises, and accordingly the total speed (kinetic energy) of the particles (thermal energy).
The total of heat transferred is also directly proportional to the mass. To make an equivalent temperature change in a doubled mass, we need to add twice the heat.
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How should two resistors, with resistances R1 Ω, R2 Ω, be connected to a battery of
e.m.f. V volts so that the electrical power consumed is minimum?
Answer:
The two resistors should be connected in series.
(I assume that the question is stating the electrical power consumed by the resistors)
Explanation:
Think about the formula P = V^2 / R
For the electrical power consumed to be a minimum, we must let V be as small as possible.
For small V, between a series and a parallel connection, series is the correct connection as the combined potential difference (pd) for the two resistors is equal to the electromotive force (emf) of the battery.
However, for parallel connections, the combined pd for the two resistors is equal to twice the emf of the battery. (Each resistor will have a pd equal to the emf of the battery)
With lower total V, with the same R, power P consumed will decrease.
The power required to exert 1 N force, over a distance of 1 m in 1 second is. A) 1 W. B) 2 W. C) 1/3 W. D) 3 W. E) none of these.
Answer:
A) E = 1 N * d = 1 Newton-Meter = 1 Joule
P(ower) = E / t = 1 N-m / t = 1 Joule / sec = 1 W
for what emf e does the 200ω resistor in the following figure dissipate no power if δv = 150 v ?
The total power dissipated by the resistor is 150 V x 1.33 A = 199.5W.
Since the voltage of the battery is 150 volts, and the resistance of the resistor is 200ω, then the current through the resistor is equal to 150V/200ω = 1.33 A.
As a result, the resistor dissipates a total of 150 V x 1.33 A = 199.5 W of electricity.
Power in physics is the amount of energy that is transferred and converted in a given amount of time. The International System of Units uses the watt, or one joule per second, as the unit of power. In older texts, power is frequently referred to as activity. Power is a scalar quantity.
Other aspects have been linked to power; for example, the product of a ground vehicle's velocity, traction force on its wheels, and aerodynamic drag equals the power needed to propel the vehicle.
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How much energy is released when 110 g of steam condenses?
Answer:
To determine the amount of energy released when 110 g of steam condenses, we can use the latent heat of vaporization formula, which states that the energy released is equal to the mass of the steam multiplied by the latent heat of vaporization. The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2256.7 J/g, so the energy released would be equal to 110 g x 2256.7 J/g = 248230 J. This value can be converted to kilojoules by dividing it by 1000, resulting in approximately 248.2 kJ.
It is important to note that the specific heat capacity and the change in temperature are not required to calculate the energy released during the condensation of steam. Instead, we only need the mass of the steam and the latent heat of vaporization. The latent heat of vaporization is a measure of the amount of energy required to change the state of a substance from a vapor to a liquid at a constant temperature, and it is specific to each substance.
Explanation:
A 14 N force to the right keeps a 72 N normal force mass at constant
velocity on a horizontal surface. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the surface and the mass?
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the surface and the mass is 0.1944.
What is kinetic friction?A force that acts between moving surfaces is referred to as kinetic friction. A force acting in opposition to the direction of a moving body on the surface is felt. The two materials' coefficient of kinetic friction will determine how much force is applied.
The ratio of the normal force to the kinetic friction force generated by contacting surfaces is known as the coefficient of kinetic friction.
Hence, The coefficient of kinetic friction between the surface and the mass is = 14 N/72 N
= 0.1944
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If A and B are two Hermitian operators, showthat AB and BA may
not be Hermitian, but that (AB + BA) andi(AB-BA) are both
hermitian. Prove that the expectation value ofA2 is
always real and non-negative. If A2=2,find the
eigenvalues of A
A and B being Hermitian operators means that they are equal to their own conjugate transpose.
What is a Hermitian operator?
A Hermitian operator is an operator that is equal to its own complex conjugate. This means that if an operator A is Hermitian, then A=A*. This property is important in quantum mechanics, since it guarantees that the eigenvalues of the operator are real.
AB ≠ BA
(AB + BA) = (A + B)*(A + B) = A*A + A*B + B*A + B*B
(AB + BA) is Hermitian since the conjugate transpose of a sum is the sum of the conjugate transposes.
i(AB-BA) = i(A - B)*(A - B) = -iA*A + iA*B -iB*A + iB*B
i(AB-BA) is Hermitian since the conjugate transpose of a sum is the sum of the conjugate transposes.
The expectation value of A2 is always real and non-negative since A2 is Hermitian and thus equal to its own conjugate transpose, which implies its eigenvalues are real.
If A2 = 2, then A can have eigenvalues of ±√2.
Hence, eigenvalues of A is ±√2.
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A 1.5 kg ball falls onto a floor. Just before it strikes the floor, its velocity is 12 m/s. The ball bounces up with a velocity of 10 m/s. Find the impulse on the ball.
Answer:33Ns
Explanation:
Two ropes are tied to a steel ring, and a student holds the free end of each rope. The students then pull on the ropes in a tug-of-war. If the forces exerted by the students are unbalanced, what happens to the ring ?
A. The ring remains at rest.
B. The ring moves at a constant velocity.
C. The ring accelerates in the direction of the net unbalanced force.
D. The ring accelerates in the direction opposite the net unbalanced force.
The ring accelerates in the direction of the net unbalanced force. Thus option C is the correct answer.
According to Newton's second law of motion, the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. If the forces exerted by the two students in the tug-of-war are unbalanced, there will be a net force acting on the steel ring.
The direction of this net force will be in the direction of the stronger force. As a result, the ring will accelerate in the direction of the net unbalanced force. This means that the ring will begin to move, and its velocity will change as long as the net force is applied.
Since the steel ring is accelerating, it can no longer be at rest, and it will not move at a constant velocity. The ring will move in the direction of the stronger force until the forces exerted by the students are balanced again.
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1. Calculate the size of the gravitational pull of a sphere of mass 10 kg on a mass 2.0 kg. When their
centres are 200 mm apart. What is the force of the 2.0 kg mass on the 10 kg mass?
Please answer with an explanation if you can!!!
Explanation:
Let a be the sphere of mass 10 kg and b be the sphere of mass 20 kg. According to Newton's universal law of gravitation, the gravitational force of a on b is expressed as:
F
a
b
=
G
m
M
d
2
, where:
G
=
6.67
×
10
−
11
N
m
2
/
k
g
2
is the gravitational constant
m = 2 kg is the mass of a
M = 10 kg is the mass of b
d = 0.2 m is the separation between the two spheres
So:
Fab=GmMd26.67
×
10
−
11
×
2
×
10
0.2
2
What environmental factor can influence natural selection and decrease genetic diversity?
The genetic and chemical variety of plant populations is influenced by environmental factors such as soil nutrients, temperature, water availability, and light intensity.
How may the environment impact genetic diversity?Sometimes a gene's DNA sequence or degree of activity is altered by the environment. Both of these effects have the capacity to change the proteins that a gene generates, which then affects traits. Some harmful environmental factors can change the nucleotide sequence of a gene. UV rays, for example, can harm DNA strands.
How is natural selection impacted by environmental factors?Successful competitors have a higher chance of surviving. Individual creatures with specific qualities are more likely to survive under specific environmental conditions than those without these traits.
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Is it possible to whirl a bucket of water fast enough in a vertical circle so the water won't fall out if so, what is the minimun speed
Yes, it is possible to whirl a bucket of water fast enough in a vertical circle so the water won't fall out.
The minimum speed required to do this is known as the “Centrifugal Force Limit” and is calculated based on the size and shape of the bucket and the weight of the water. Generally, a speed of at least 20-30 revolutions per minute is required to keep the water from spilling out.
F = (m * v^2) / r
Where:
F = centrifugal force (N) m = mass of water (kg) v = linear velocity (m/s) r = radius of the circle (m)Learn more about speed:
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A 2.00-kilogram object weighs 19.6 newtons on Earth. If the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.7 1 m/s^2, what is the object's mass on Mars
The 2.00-kilogram object weighs 19.6 newtons on Earth, its weight on the Mars is 2.00 kg.
The mass is known as the amount of matter which is contained in a body. It is a property which is consistent in a body regardless of the body's current location, gravitational pull and various other factors which exist.
Mass and weight are two separate quantities. Weight is computed as a product of mass and acceleration. Mass has a property to remain constant and it means that whether the object is on any planet, irrespective of that, it will be constant. The mass remains the same that is 2.00 kg.
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1. When conducting a test on what kind of music increases the growth of plants, all of the following would fail to meet to fair test standard EXCEPT (1 point)
using different kinds of plants.
giving some plants more water than others.
exposing the plants to different types of music.
using nutrient-rich soil for one and lesser soil for others.
2. Engineering uses scientific thinking to solve real-world problems. (1 point)
True
False
3. What does it mean to test a hypothesis? (1 point)
Pass a quiz on other scientists’ results
Analyze only the results from scientific sources
Not make assumptions about how an experiment will turn out
See if the results of an experiment are what the scientist predicted
Using a specific kind of raga played over a gramophone and loudspeakers, Singh replicated the experiment with field crops. Crop sizes grew to 25–60% over the average for the region. According to Singh, the violin's music has the biggest impact on plant development.
What interactions do nutrients have with one another in the soil?Nutrient interactions in the soil, which alter the availability of nutrients to plants, illustrate the range of interactions that may take place. High concentrations of one nutrient in the soil can conflict with the availability and absorption of other nutrients.
Which soil has the greatest concentration of nutrients?Loamy soils, which combine sand, clay, and silt particles, are thought to be the most fertile form of soil.
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A crate of eggs is located in the middle of a pickup truck as the truck rounds a corner in the road. The curve has a radius of 35 m. If the coefficient of static friction between the crate and the truck is 0.600, how fast can the truck move without the crate sliding
The speed of the truck is 14.3m/s without the crate sliding.
What is the equation for static friction?The resistive friction force (Fr) multiplied by the usual or horizontal pressure (N) pushing the things together yields the frictional coefficient (fr), which is a numerical value. The formula fr = Fr/N serves as a representation of it.
Calculation -:Call the mass of the egg crate m. The forces on it are its weight Fg =mg vertically down, the normal force n of the truck bed vertically up, and static friction (fs) directed to oppose relative sliding motion of the crate on the truck bed. The friction force is directed radially inward. It is the only horizontal force on the crate, so it must provide the centripetal acceleration. When the truck has maximum speed, friction fs will have its maximum value with fs=μn.
Newton’s second law in component form becomes
∑Fy=ma(y) giving n−mg = 0 or n = mg
∑F(x)=ma(x) giving f(s)= ma(r)
From these equations
μ(s)n ≤ mv²/r and μ(s)mg ≤ mv²/r
The mass divides out. The maximum speed is then
v≤[tex]\sqrt{}[/tex]μrg =[tex]\sqrt{}[/tex]0.600(35.0m)(9.80 m/s²) = v ≤1 4.3m/s.
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Which term is the rate at which work is done?
a. energy
b. power
c. joules
d. force
The rate at which work is completed is indicated by the power word, hence option b is correct. Power, which can be defined as the amount of work done W.
Is the time rate at which the job is completed or energy is given. Energy transferred, expressed as W/t or energy transferred against the time interval t. Work (or energy) per unit time, foot-pounds per minute, joules per second (or watts), and ergs per second are all ways to express power. Work is defined as involving both force applied to the body and displacement of the body. Consider a block that is resting on a horizontal, frictionless floor. A consistent force is acting on this block.
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Answer: B.) power
Explanation: Get dem hearts up:)
What are the angles for the two dark bands closest to the central maximum.
Express your answers in terms of b and λ. Separate the two angles with a comma.
asin(λb),asin(−λb)
The identical formula for the two angles is Asin(b),Asin(b).
The general word for interference effects involving edges or apertures is diffraction. In waves with longer wavelengths than those of light, diffraction is more common. Diffraction, for instance, is what causes sound to swell when it goes through a doorway or bend around corners. Diffraction causes water waves along a rocky coast to widen as they pass through the rocks. Usually, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction regimes are distinguished.
Fresnel diffraction is the regime in which the diffracted waves are observed relatively close to the site of the diffraction (in comparison to the size of the item causing the diffraction). Working with Fresnel diffraction is typically very challenging. The Fraunhofer diffraction regime is the more manageable of the two.
angle 1 = asin(λb),
angle 2 = asin(−λb)
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What is the role of diffusion in the dialysis process?
A concentration gradient drives the ion-exchange membrane (IEM) separation procedure known as diffusion dialysis (DD).
Diffusion dialysis is referred to be a spontaneous separation technique since the concentration gradient primarily drives the separation process. A membrane separation procedure is DD.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute along a concentration gradient through a membrane. Small molecules are eliminated in this manner during hemodialysate. Diffusion is the net transfer of a substance from a location of high concentration to a region of low concentration, according to physicists and chemists.
Diffusion in hemodialysis is formally defined as the transport of solutes as a result of random molecular motions down its concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane. Diffusion is how most toxins are removed during dialysis.
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The tape in a videotape cassette has a total length 196 m and can play for 2 h. As the tape starts to play, the full reel has an outer radius of 48 mm and an inner radius of 14 mm. At some point during the play, both reels will have the same angular speed. What is this common angular speed
Both reels will rotate at the same pace at some time throughout the game. This usual angle of rotation is 0.763 rad/s.
Given data:
The total length of the videotape cassette is, L = 196 m.
The time interval for the play is, t=2h=2×3600=7200s
The outer radius of the tape is, r₀ = 48mm
The inner radius of the tape is, r[tex]_{i}[/tex] = 14mm
The rotating motion of the videotape is indicated by the value of the angular velocity, which is as follows:
[tex]\omega=\frac{v}{r}[/tex].............................................................................(1)
Here, v denotes the cassette's linear speed, while r denotes the cassette's effective radius.
r=[tex]\sqrt{ \frac{r_{o}^{2} + r_{i}^{2} }{2} }[/tex]
r= [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{48^{2} + 14^{2} }{2} }[/tex]
r=35.35 mm
r ≅ 0.03535 m
And the cassette's linear speed is specified as,
[tex]v=\frac{L}{t}[/tex]
[tex]v[/tex] = 196/7200
[tex]v[/tex] = 0.027 m/s
Substitute the values in equation (1) as
[tex]\omega[/tex] = 0.027/0.03535
[tex]\omega[/tex] = 0.763 rad/s
As a result, we can infer that at some point throughout the game, both reels will be spinning at the same speed of 0.763 rad/s.
The angle of rotation in mathematics is a measurement of how much, specifically by what angle, a figure is rotated about a fixed point, frequently the center of a circle. Since an anticlockwise revolution of 310 degrees is equivalent to a full turn of 360 degrees because 310 degrees plus 50 degrees equals 360 degrees, an anticlockwise rotation of 310 degrees is also referred to as a rotation of -50 degrees.
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What is the amount of torque produced if the angle between the force and the lever arm is zero?
The amount of torque produced if the angle between the force and the lever arm is zero is zero.
The formula for torque is:
Torque (τ) = Force (F) x Lever arm (r) x sin(θ)
This is because torque is defined as the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation. When the angle between the force and the lever arm is zero, the force is acting parallel to the lever arm, meaning that there is no perpendicular distance between the force and the axis of rotation, resulting in a torque of zero. In other words, the torque is zero when the force is applied in the same direction as the lever arm.
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There is no limit to the mass with which a star can be born.
True
false
The statement is False, there is no limit to the mass with which a star can be born.
A star is a celestial body comprised of a mass of gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, that gives off heat and light through nuclear fusion reactions in its core. Stars are the most widely recognized astronomical objects and serve as a fundamental reference point in astronomy. Stars come in a variety of sizes and colors and are classified based on their temperature, size, and luminosity.
There are many different types of stars, including main-sequence stars, red giants, white dwarfs, and neutron stars. Stars are formed when large clouds of gas and dust collapse under the force of gravity, causing the material to heat up and form a protostar. Over time, the protostar becomes hot enough to trigger nuclear fusion reactions, and it is at this point that the star becomes visible to observers on Earth. Stars eventually die out, either exploding as supernovae or fading away as white dwarfs. Starlight is the source of illumination for our night sky, and the beauty of stars has captivated humans since the dawn of time.
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4. A 9.35 kg bowling ball would require what force to accelerate it down an alleyway at
a rate of 3.12m/s²?
The force needed is 29.2 N.
To calculate the force needed to accelerate a 9.35 kg bowling ball at a rate of 3.12 m/s²,
you can use the equation F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass of the object (in this case, the bowling ball), and a is the acceleration. Putting in the values, you get:
F = (9.35 kg) x (3.12 m/s²)
= 29.2 N
This works out to be approximately 29.2 Newtons of force.
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You're in the back of a friend's pickup truck when it stalls on a hill. You jump out, get behind the truck and push with all your might (300 N) in a vain attempt to keep the truck from accelerating down the hill. The force the truck exerts on you is: less than 300 N 300 N greater than 300 N
The force the truck exerts on you is 300 N.
What is meant by force?
A force in physics is an effect that has the power to alter an object's motion.Intuitively, a push or a pull can also be used to describe force.Being a vector quantity, a force has both magnitude and direction. The SI unit of newton is used to measure it (N). The letter F stands for force (formerly P).According to Newton's second law's original formulation, an object's net force is equal to the speed at which its momentum is changing over time. According to this law, an object's acceleration is inversely proportional to the net force acting on it, is in the direction of the net force, and is directly proportional to the mass of the object if its mass is constant.To learn more about force refer to
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true/false
It is possible to view the Moon in first-quarter phase the day after a total lunar eclipse.
False. The Moon will typically appear in a crescent phase the day after a total lunar eclipse.
What is lunar eclipse?
A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon passes directly behind the Earth into its umbra (shadow). During a lunar eclipse, the Earth blocks the light from the Sun from reaching the Moon.
The Moon, in turn, takes on a reddish hue as the Earth's shadow covers it. A lunar eclipse can only occur at Full Moon, when the Sun and Moon are in exact alignment with Earth in the middle. The Moon will usually appear larger than usual during a lunar eclipse, due to the reddish hue it takes on.
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What is the spring constant of a spring of negligible mass which gained 8 joules of potential energy as a result of being compressed 0.4 meter
Answer:
[tex]100N/m[/tex]
Explanation:
The formula to find the spring constant given the potential energy and sprint displacement is:
[tex]E=\frac{1}{2} kx^{2}[/tex]
where:
[tex]E[/tex] is the energy ( in Joules)
[tex]k[/tex] is the constant ( in Newtons per meter)
[tex]x[/tex] is the extension ( in meters)
thus, by rearranging the formula we can get:
[tex]k=2\frac{E}{x^{2} }[/tex]
[tex]k=2\frac{8}{0.16}[/tex]
[tex]k=2*50=100N/m[/tex]