Why is individual II-1 heterozygous according to the answer key. - Pedigrees

Answer:

I think its B

Explanation:

I DK if I'm right bc I'm stuck on the same question

just get one wrong and if you get everything else right, it won't matter at all.

To supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, the circulatory and respiratory system works together.

The respiratory system is what aids in breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide. The circulatory system is the system that assists in supplying tissues with oxygen from the lungs and in removing carbon dioxide from the tissues by way of the lungs. In this way, both of these processes assist in the supply of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide as waste.

The blood that carries waste (CO₂) from the tissue via the heart will first carry the oxygen inhaled to the lungs, where it will be exchanged with the blood. The oxygen will then be sent to the heart, where it will be used to pump oxygen-rich blood to the tissues. Additionally, blood that has lost oxygen will transport waste from the tissue.

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Answer:

Explanation:

There are several ways in which the expansion of housing developments in southern California might limit coyote population in the area:

Habitat loss: As housing developments are built, natural habitats are often destroyed, which can limit the available space for coyotes and other wildlife.

Human-wildlife conflict: As housing developments bring more people into close proximity with coyotes, there is an increased likelihood of conflict between humans and coyotes. This can lead to coyotes being killed or removed from the area.

Fragmentation of habitat: The expansion of housing developments can also lead to the fragmentation of coyote habitat, making it more difficult for coyotes to move and interact with other members of their species.

Changes in prey availability: Housing developments can also alter the availability of prey for coyotes, which can impact their population size.

Overall, the expansion of housing developments in southern California can have a negative impact on coyote populations by limiting their habitat, increasing the likelihood of conflict with humans, and disrupting their natural behaviors and ecological relationships.

The primary source of water for wetlands is from precipitation, such as rain.

This water of precipitation is absorbed by the soil and saturates the ground, eventually making its way into the wetland.

Other sources include groundwater, water runoff from rivers, streams, and lakes, and even direct connections to larger bodies of water. In some cases, wetlands are purposefully flooded to create a habitat.

The water level in a wetland is regulated by a variety of factors, including the size of the wetland, the amount of water that flows in, the amount of water that evaporates, and the amount of water that is absorbed by plants.

In addition, wetlands can be impacted by human activities, such as dam and reservoir construction and over-irrigation, which can lead to an increase or decrease in the water level.

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The three main classes of mollusks are: Gastropods, Bivalves and Cephalopods. Gastropods have a single large foot, bivalves have two calcareous shells and Cephalopods are recognized by their unique method of locomotion.

Mollusks are the organisms of the phylum Mollusca. It is recognized by the presence of calcareous shells, visceral mass, muscular foot. The Mollusca is the second largest phylum of kingdom Animalia.

Cephalopods are the largest animals amongst all invertebrates, They are recognized for their method of locomotion where they release a stream of water through the body for their movement. Cephalopods have a well developed nervous system as well as closed circulatory system.

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It was secreted later in the distal tubule. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) should not be seen in urine since they cannot pass past the filtration barrier.

Their existence implies the presence of illness or infection. Leukocytes are immunological cells that should not be seen in urine.

The filtration membrane allows water and tiny solutes to flow through while blocking blood cells and big proteins. These substances persist in the bloodstream. The filtrate (the fluid that has gone through the membrane) flows farther into the nephron from the glomerular capsule.

Urine dipsticks use chemical analysis to give qualitative examination of several analytes in urine. Dipstick detects the presence of protein, glucose, blood, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, and leukocyte esterase using dry chemical procedures.

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Our atmosphere also contains it as carbon dioxide, or CO2. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, or sodium ions are released as the acid dissolves the rocks, a process known as chemical weathering.

As carbon dioxide, or CO2, it is also present in our atmosphere. Rain starts the transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to the rocks, or lithosphere. Rain is a result of the weak acid, carbonic acid, which is created when atmospheric carbon and water interact.

Therefore, When animals perish, volcanoes erupt, fires burn, fossil fuels are consumed, among other processes, carbon is released back into the atmosphere.

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The equation of line when a line passes through a point (-2, 7) and have slope 5, is y = 5x + 17> The blank words are slope, point, b in order.

In mathematics, a line's slope, also known as its gradient, is a numerical representation of the line's steepness and direction

Given:

Slope m = 5

And point (-2, 7)

Slope-intercept form: y = mx + b

If a line passes through a point (x₁ ,y₁) and have slope m

then the equation of line is

y - y₁ = m (x - x₁)

Substituting the values,

y - 7 = 5(x + 2)

Simplifying,

y = 5x + 17

Therefore, the equation is y = 5x + 17.

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When an isolated bacterial colony is discovered on an agar plate, there are a few assumptions that are typically made.

Firstly, it is assumed that the bacteria are a single species, which means that all of the bacteria in the colony are genetically related. This allows scientists to identify the bacteria by its unique characteristics, such as its color and size. Secondly, it is assumed that the bacteria are capable of reproducing, since it is only possible for the colony to form if the bacteria are able to divide and multiply. Lastly, it is assumed that the bacteria are not contaminated with any other microorganisms, since the bacteria need to be isolated in order to form a colony.

These assumptions allow scientists to accurately identify the bacteria and gain a better understanding of its characteristics. This knowledge can then be used to further research and study the bacteria, as well as develop treatments or vaccines if necessary. Therefore, these assumptions are essential in understanding the biology of the bacteria and its potential implications on human health.

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Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in refrigerators.

The correct option is B

Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are formed as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. They are fully or partially halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Freon, a brand name owned by DuPont, is another frequent name for them.

They were used formerly as refrigerants in refrigerators. However, it was discovered that the ozone layer in Earth's atmosphere, which shields the planet from the sun's harmful UV rays, might be destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs were widely utilized as refrigerant gases and as propellants in aerosol sprays when the scientists published their findings in 1974.

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The nucleus accounts for almost the entire mass of the atom of any element, which means that a single proton or neutron has an approximate mass of 1 AMU.

What is AMU?

An atomic mass unit is defined as accurately 1/12 the mass of carbon-12 atom. carbon-12 atom has six neutrons and six protons in its nucleus. It is represented as a.m.u or u (unified). It is unit of mass used to express atomic masses. 1 a.m.u is average of the proton rest mass and neutron rest mass.

Protons and neutrons both weigh about one atomic mass unit (amu). Isotopes of same element will have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Protons carry single positive charge that have mass of one approximately one atomic mass unit. The atomic number is equal to number of protons found in an atom.

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STEMI that converts to a NSTEMI in the course of thrombolytic therapy is coded as an NSTEMI using the I21.x code. If thrombolytic therapy was administered, this should be documented separately using an appropriate code.

If an ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) converts to a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) during thrombolytic therapy, it is coded as an NSTEMI. The code used to identify myocardial infarction is I21.x, and the fourth and fifth digits indicate the type of myocardial infarction. For STEMI, the fourth and fifth digits are 0, indicating a STEMI. For NSTEMI, the fourth and fifth digits are 1, indicating a NSTEMI.

The conversion of a STEMI to a NSTEMI can occur when thrombolytic therapy is successful in opening a blocked artery. When this occurs, the patient’s condition improves and the ST elevation disappears from the electrocardiogram (ECG), indicating that the myocardial infarction is now a NSTEMI.

When coding for a NSTEMI, it is important to note that the NSTEMI code does not indicate the presence of thrombolytic therapy. The code is simply used to indicate that the patient has experienced an NSTEMI. If the patient received thrombolytic therapy, this should be documented separately using an appropriate code, such as ICD-10-CM code Z94.30 (thrombolytic therapy).

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Because the water is so deep. There are no rooted plants to be found at the bottom of lakes because sunlight cannot penetrate that far.

Lakes obtain their water supply from three different sources: precipitation; rivers and streams; and underground water.

The size of lakes can range from very small to very large. They can be quite deep, or they can be only moderately so. Ponds are frequently used as a synonym for lakes that have depths of less than six or seven feet and support plant life on the bottom.

The changing of the seasons can bring about significant fluctuations in temperature for the lakes that are found in certain temperate regions.

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Basic foodstuffs such as sugar, meat, fats, bacon and cheese were directly rationed by an allowance of coupons. Housewives had to register with particular retailers.

The restricted distribution of limited resources, products, or services, or a fictitious demand restriction, is rationing. One's allotted share of the resources being distributed on a specific day or at a specific time is controlled by rationing. Rationing can take many different forms, but price rationing is the most common.

Rationing is frequently used to maintain prices below the market clearing price, which is established by supply and demand in a free market. Rationing can therefore work in addition to price regulations. The different nations that rationed gasoline during the 1973 oil crisis are an example of rationing in the face of rising prices.

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Smoking cigarettes and being exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke are leading causes of premature death.

death that occurs earlier than the typical death age for a population. The average death age is around 75 years old. The biggest causes of early death in the US are smoking cigarettes and being around people who smoke. They can make people more vulnerable to developing cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, and a host of other illnesses. Injuries are another reason for early mortality.

Ischemic heart disease, which accounts for 16% of all fatalities worldwide, is the world's leading cause of mortality. This disease has shown the highest increase in deaths since 2000, with an increase of more than 2 million deaths to 8.9 million deaths in 2019. The second and third most common killers, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively account for 11% and 6% of all fatalities.

Lower respiratory infections remained to be the most fatal communicable disease worldwide, ranking as the fourth most common cause of death. However, there have been fewer fatalities; in 2019, it claimed 2.6 million lives, 460 000 fewer than it did in 2000.

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The chemical (ethyl mercaptan) added to the otherwise odourless LPG cooking gas for imparting a detectable smell to the gas is a compound of sulfur. The correct option is D.

Propane, propylene, butylene, isobutane, and n-butane are only a few of the volatile hydrocarbon gases found in liquefied petroleum gas, which is a fuel gas.

LPG is a fuel gas used in cars, cooking appliances, and heating appliances. LPG exists inside the cylinder as both a liquid and a vapour (gas).

In order to give the normally odourless LPG cooking gas a noticeable smell, a chemical called ethyl mercaptan is added that is a compound of sulfur.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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A decrease in genetic diversity bad because it increases the risk of extinction of a population through inbreeding depression.

This is a result of despair brought on by inbreeding paired with a lack of ability to adjust to change. New alleles can be introduced in these situations to save the population. For a population to adapt to changing circumstances, genetic diversity is essential.

Genetic drift is a result of sampling error because individuals are randomly chosen when a population is sampled. A random selection is one in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.

The variety of various inherited features within a species is referred to as genetic diversity. There would be many people with a wide range of diverse traits in a species with significant genetic diversity. For a population to adapt to changing surroundings, genetic variety is essential.

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Mendel's research led to the discovery of the inheritance laws that are now referred to as Mendel's laws of inheritance. In order to conduct his tests, he true-bred pea plants for particular traits like seed color and seed shape.

Then he crossed these plants, watching the traits of the progeny. Mendel's investigations led him to the conclusion that discrete "factors" (now known as genes) transferred from parent to child are what determine inheritance. For each attribute, each parent passes down one gene (allele) to their kids.

When the alleles of a trait are different, one allele will be dominant and the other will be recessive. The dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype, while the recessive allele will not be.

The probability of an offspring inheriting a specific allele from a parent is 50%. Mendel's laws of inheritance laid the foundation for the field of genetics and provided a framework for understanding how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

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The organelles that are unique to plant cells are the chloroplast, cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole. The chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll pigment, are what initiate photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll, the green pigment necessary for photosynthesis and giving plants their green hues, is found in chloroplasts. The carotenoid pigments found in chromoplasts give plants their numerous red, orange, and yellow hues.

Even though a cell wall is not an organelle, it is a significant and distinctive structure in plant cells, thus we have included it here. In both plants and fungi, vacuoles are prevalent and serve a variety of purposes. They are membrane sacs with a structure that is comparable to vesicles, and these two words are sometimes used interchangeably.

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Mendel chose garden pea for his experiment because they have shorter life span, are bise-xual, self pollinating and have visible physical characteristics.

Mendel conducted a lot of experiments during his study in genetics. He considered garden pea ideal for his experiments for a number of reasons. The first reason being that garden pea has a short life span and because of this they are able to grow very quickly and are easy to maintain. The second reason is that they have visible physical characteristics which makes them easy to observe and study.

The other two reasons being that garden peas have bise-xual flowers and because of this, these garden peas are self-pollinating. They do not need another plant for pollination and can also easily cross pollinate.

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The model will have layers that are the same option J: thickness as the real Earth.

The four main components of the earth's structure are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Each stratum has a unique chemical composition, physical state, and capacity to influence life on Earth's surface. Approximately 1800 miles below the crust, the outer core is roughly 1400 miles thick. Metals like nickel and iron are used to make it. The outer core encloses the inner core. The Earth's mantle makes up the majority of the planet. Its thickness is more than 2,900 kilometers. The crust is the upper layer where we reside. The range of thickness is 0 to 60 kilometers. Therefore, option J seems to be the correct choice.

The layers that make up the Earth can be classified based on their composition or their mechanical characteristics. The differences in composition between the crust, mantle, and core define them. Mechanical qualities distinguish the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, and outer and inner cores.

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A co-dominant red gene (O/o) found on the X chromosome determines whether there is a red variation in cat's coat color. This gene encodes pheomelanin. The dominant O allele encodes an orange tone, while the recessive O allele encodes non-orange pigmentation (black or brown).

A cat with a dominant color (black, red, calico, etc.) needs a parent to indicate the dominant color. Her two parents with recessive colors (cream, blue, etc.) cannot produce offspring with dominant colors (black, red, etc.).

Cats inherit half of their genetic makeup from their mothers and half from their fathers. There are 19 chromosomes each, 38 total, the X and Y chromosomes determine sex.

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These genes survived so many millennia of evolution because most of the genetic disorders are caused due to mutation in genome.

This is referred to as an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA by different factors.

The factors which cause mutation in individuals are exposure to mutagens or a viral infection which may be due to the high increase in the technology available in the environment in which they live and operate

These genes such as those which cause disorders such as Huntington’s, sickle cell anemia, Tay Sach’s, etc survived so many millennia of evolution because there is still the cause being present in our everyday world which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and hemophilia are some of the hereditary diseases that occur because of changes in the genetic make of an organism.

Hereditary diseases usually referred to as inherited diseases or genetic disorders, are a group of genetic diseases that are brought on by changes in a person's genetic makeup (DNA). These changes are caused by mutation. This occurs when the normal bases in the DNA is replaced with the faulty base or mismatched base.  

Then, these illnesses are passed down from one generation to the next, or in other words, they are inherited from one set of parents to another. For example, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and hemophilia are some examples of hereditary diseases.  

Because sickle hemoglobin requires two copies of the gene to be present, sickle cell anemia is referred to as a recessive condition. They must get one from each parent, which code for abnormal hemoglobin.

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The visceral mass that every mollusk has is a centralized region of the body in which all the organs are located which is therefore denoted as option A.

This is referred to as a tiny soft-bodied invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, which is usually wholly or partly enclosed in a calcium carbonate as it acts as the shell.

It also contains a holds the bulk of the digestive, reproductive, excretory, and respiratory systems. and some parts comprises of the mantle, or pallial, cavity.

Examples of these types of organisms are snails, slugs etc and is therefore the reason why the visceral mass which contains different types of organs needed for its daily activities was chosen as the correct choice.

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Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs during fetal development, allowing the same DNA to be replicated in every cell.

Mitosis is a cell division process responsible for the growth and development of the fetus, as well as the formation of all the different types of cells that make up the body. During mitosis, the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell are replicated and then separated into two identical sets, each of which goes into a separate daughter cell. This ensures that each new cell created during fetal development has the same genetic information or DNA as the original cell. As the number of cells increases, the fetus grows in size.

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Tekton is a Greek word which means carpenter or builder. With regard to Earth, plate tectonics are what builds the Earth's formation, mountains, hills, and trenches.

Plate tectonics is generally accepted scientific theory which considers that the Earth's lithosphere comprises of a number of large tectonic plates which have been slowly moving since a long time about 3.4 billion years ago.

Tekton is a Greek word that means carpenter or builder. With regard to Earth and the word Tekton to Earth, the tectonic plates are what actually builds the Earth's forms, mountains, hills, and trenches, etc.

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Primary methods of confirming endotracheal tube placement within the trachea is Demonstration of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) and a rapidly increasing heart rate.

Endotracheal intubation can be done either as an emergency procedure (e.g., for diaphragmatic hernia, severe airway anomalies, failure of mask ventilation, prolonged ventilation, endotracheal tube (ETT) change, or instillation of surfactant) or as an elective or semi-elective surgery.

Chest radiography can be used to validate ETT location, but this procedure is sometimes delayed. As a result, a number of quick point-of-care techniques to verify proper tube placement have been developed, including clinical symptoms, exhaled CO2, respiratory function monitors (RFMs), and ultrasound.

Radiology of the chest The proper tube position within the trachea, which should be just below the level of the vocal cords and significantly above the carina, can be confirmed using a chest radiograph. Before X-ray confirmation, various methods have been documented to place the tube over the carina.

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Answer: Option A. is correct Dark colors and rough textures tend to produce the greatest amount of absorption of insolation at Earth's surface.

Explanation: Dark colors absorb more of the sunlight's energy, and rough textures can increase the surface area that is exposed to sunlight, which also helps to increase the absorption of insolation. Light colors and smooth textures, on the other hand, tend to reflect more sunlight and therefore absorb less insolation.