Ice water used to cool the distillate in the E1 experiment because the distillate is volatile in nature and present in vapour form.
What is Distillation?Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation.
What is an E1 experiment in Chemistry?Unsaturated compounds are produced during elimination processes. An alkene is created during the removal of alcohol. Alkyl halides also go through elimination processes. We will do an acid-catalyzed elimination using a secondary alcohol that is second order (E1), meaning that the rate of reaction depends on how quickly the intermediate carbocation may be produced.
Why to use ice water in E1 experiment?Ice water helps in condensing or cooling down the vapours coming to the condensing tube (i.e. distillate).
Because the resulting alkene has a low boiling point, the receiver flask is put in an ice water bath to keep it cool throughout the reaction and distillation.
Hence, Ice water used to cool the distillate in the E1 experiment because the distillate is volatile in nature and present in vapour form.
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Which is NOT a form of thermal energy transfer?
O conduction
O convection
O spontaneity
O radiation
Answer:
C I think, haven't done this in awhile
Explanation:
I took science
What type of particles are represented by the crosses(X)? Helpp please
Answer: The valence shell electrons are represented by crosses.
Explanation:
The outer shell of each atom is drawn as a circle. Electrons from one atom are shown as dots, and electrons from other atoms are shown as crosses. The circles overlap where covalent bonds are present.
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When performing today’s experiment you leave the lid off your setup for the calibration. You remember that you left it off and decide to add it when determining the heat lost by the metal. When performing your calculations, you determine that your heat capacity values are off. Would your values be too high or too low?.
The heat capacity values obtained will be too low due to the heat lost.
What are the heat capacity values of substances?The heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the unit mass of that substance by one-degree celsius.
In order to determine the heat capacity of a substance, the method of calorimetry is used.
In the method of calorimetry, it is assumed that no heat is lost during the process.
The principle states that the heat lost is equal to the heat gained.
Hence, if heat is lost from the calorimeter during the process of determining the heat capacity of a substance, the heat capacity value will be lower than the actual values.
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the spectrophotometer available to the student has a wavelength range of 400nm to 700nm. what wavelength should the student use to minimize the interference from the presence of the co2 (aq) ions?
The wavelength should be 600 nm to minimize the interference from the presence of the CO{2+} ions (aq).
What is spectrophotometer?
An analytical tool called as spectrophotometer is used to determine the emission or reflection of visible light, UV light, or infrared light objectively. These are used to calculate intensity as a function of light source wavelength.
The spectrophotometer available to the student has a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm. The maximum wavelength for CO{2+} curve is 500 nm. The two curves of CO{2+} and Cu{2+} intersects at 600 nm.
So, 600 nm should the student use for interference minimization for the presence of CO{2+} ions.
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Choose the three factors that most significantly influence the properties of nanoscale materials.
a. bulk material properties.
b. elemental compostion.
c. size.
d. shape.
e. quantum mechanical effects
b. elemental composition d. shape and e. quantum mechanical effects three factors significantly influence the properties of nanoscale materials.
Nanoscale material are the set of substances that have least one Critical dimension less than 100 nanometer. That have magnetic, electrical and optical properties. S and P blocks are there in the nanoscale materials. Nanoscale materials are mostly concentrated in the s and p blocks Nano elements. Nanoscale material have have structure with dimensions at the nanoscale.so it has size of 1-100nm.The shape of the nanomaterials are in various shapes like rod shape spherical shape ,fibers and cups. In the nanoscales quantum effects dominates the electrical optical properties of the system. They create new opportunity for manipulating the response of the system.
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Combined Gas Law
If a gas triples its volume and doubles its Kelvin temperature, what would happen to the pressure of the gas?
The pressure of the gas would now be 2/3 of its initial value.
What is the new pressure of the gas?We know that we can be able to use the ideal gas equation to be able to obtain the parameters that concern gases. In this case, we are dealing with the volume, temperature and volume all at once hence we need to use the general gas equation.
Initial pressure of the gas P1 = P
Final pressure of the gas P2 = ??
Initial volume of the gas V1 = V
Final volume of the gas V2 = 3V
Initial temperature of the gas T1 = T
Final temperature of the gas = 2T
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
P2 = P1V1T2/V2T1
P2 = P * V * 2T/3V * T
P2 = 2/3P
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PLEASE HELP -- question in picture
The sequence of the decreasing the order of stability of the given compounds is :
BaCl₂ > CaCl₂ > MgCl₂ > AlCl₃ > HCl > AgCl
What is reactivity series?The reactivity series of metals or the activity series can be described as the arrangement of metals in the descending order of their reactivities.
The metals at the top of the activity series are powerful reducing agents and can be easily oxidized. These metals easily tarnish/corrode. The reducing ability grows weaker while moving down the series.
The electropositivity of the elements reduces as we move down the reactivity series of metals. All metals above hydrogen in the activity series liberate hydrogen gas upon reacting with dilute HCl.
As given the elements of the reactive metals form more stable compounds therefore, the metals like Ba, Ca, and Mg form more stable compounds than H or Ag.
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Answer:
pic attached
Explanation:
determine the percent yield of a reaction that produces 22.6 g of fe when 50.00 g of fe2o3 react with excess al according to the following reaction. Molar Mass Fe2O3 = 159.7 g/mol
The percent yield of the reaction is 82%
First step: make the chemist equation.
2 Al (s) + Fe2O3 (s) → 2 Fe (s) + Al2O3 (s)
As the statement says that aluminium is in excess, the limiting reactant is the Fe₂O₃.
Second step: Find out the moles in the reactant.
Molar weight Fe2O3: 159.7 g/m
Mass / Molar weight = moles
50 g /159.7 g/m = 0.313 moles
Third step: Analyse the reaction. 1 mol of Fe2O3 makes 2 moles of Fe.
1 mol Fe2O3 ____ 2Fe
0.313 mol Fe2O3 ____ 0.626 moles
Molar weight Fe = 55.85 g/m
Moles . molar weight = mass
55.85g/m . 0.626m = 34.9 grams
This will be the 100% yield of the reaction but we only made 22.6 g
34.9 g ____ 100%
22.6 g ____ 64.75 %
Hence, the percent yield is 64.75 %.
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Given the equation Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂, how many moles of hydrogen chloride are needed to produce 16 moles of magnesium chloride?
When we simplify a given equation we get a following answer
8 moles of HCl needed to produce 16 moles of magnesium Chloride
As per definition, mole is a same amount of number which contains same number of chemical species like atoms, molecules, ion, etc.
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
1mole 2mole 1 mole 1 mole
Here, when 1 mole of Mg reacts with 2 mole of HCl then 1 mole of MgCl2 and 1 mole of H2 forms.
As per the question, to form 16 moles of MgCl2 we need 8 moles of HCl
to get our euqation done.
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suppose your enzyme activity from last week was 139 umol/min/ml. you calculate that the sample has a protein concentration of 4.5 mg/ml. what is the specific activity of your sample?
The protein's specific volume (0.73 mL g-1 for -lactoglobulin).
Enzymes: What are they?Enzyme-containing proteins help speed up the metabolism, or chemical changes, in our bodies. While some compounds are decomposed, others have been produced. Everything that is alive contains enzymes. Naturally, our bodies produce enzymes.
What is an example of an enzyme?For instance, the enzyme pepsin is a vital component of gastric fluids and aids in the breakdown of food particles in the belly. Similar to how amylase, an enzyme found in saliva, turns starch into glucose to aid in the first stages of digestion. The thrombin enzymes is employed in medicine to speed up the healing of wounds.
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Two students are planning an investigation to determine which type of bond, ionic or covalent, is more polar. Which one of the tests would be relevant to their experiment?.
The property that will be least helpful in the determination of the bond type that has the strongest intermolecular forces is C. Conductivity in water.
It should be noted that the students wanted to investigate whether ionic or covalent bonds have stronger intermolecular forces.
In order to carry out the investigation, salt, sugar, and molar balls are used. Based on this, the property that is required for the investigation will be flammability, solubility in water, and the melting point.
The conductivity in water isn't required.
what is a frozen energy?
a series rc circuit has a resistance of 155 ohms and a capacitive reactance of 270 ohms. how many degrees is angle theta?
Angle theta = 〖60.11〗^0
Angle theta = 〖60.11〗^0
Resistance is a measure of an electrical circuit's resistance to current flow. Resistance is measured in ohms, which is represented by the Greek letter omega (Ω). When electrons move through a conductor, such as a metal wire, an electric current flows. Electrons in motion can collide with ions in the metal. This complicates the current flow and causes resistance.
Given resistance (R) = 155ohms
Capacitive reactance (Xc) = 270 ohms
We have to find angle theta = ?
Tan θ= capacitive reactance/resistance
Tan θ = Xc/R
Tan θ = 270/155
θ = 〖tan^(-1) (〗〖270/155〗)
θ = 〖tan^(-1) (〗1.74)
θ = 60.11
Therefore angle theta = 〖60.11〗^0
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write the balanced molecular chemical equation for the reaction of solid copper with aqueous lead(ii) nitrate. if no reaction occurs, simply write only nr. (if there is a reaction, then copper is 2)
Balanced molecular chemical equation for the reaction of solid copper with aqueous lead(ii) nitrate is then there is no reaction so there is no copper
Chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance usually in moles of each reactant and product and solid copper with aqueous lead(ii) nitrate then there is no reaction between copper and lead nitrate solution and this is because copper is less reactive than lead
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What happens to the atoms of sugar as it dissolves and then hardens to form rock candy?
How many moles are in 5.6 x 1023 particles of H2SO4?
0.93 moles are present in 5.6 x 1023 particles of H2SO4
number of moles= given particle/ Avogadro number
number of moles= 5.6 x 1023 particles/6.022×10^23
number of moles=0.93 mol
The mole idea is a useful way to indicate how much of a substance there is. Even one gram of a pure element is known to have an enormous number of atoms when working with particles at the atomic (or molecular) level. The mole idea is frequently applied in this situation. The unit of measurement that receives the most attention is the "mole," which is a count of a sizable number of particles.
Popularly known as the Avogadro constant, the quantity 6.02214076×10^23 is frequently represented by the letter "NA". Atoms, molecules, monoatomic and polyatomic ions, as well as other particles, are examples of the elementary entities that can be represented in moles (such as electrons).
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in a williamson ether synthesis, you start by adding a base like methoxide to deprotonate a phenol so the deprotonated phenolate can act as a nucleophile. the moles of base should be
The moles of the base should be equal to the moles of phenol.
What is Williamson ether synthesis ?
An alkoxide ion acts as a nucleophile in the Williamson ether synthesis, an SN2 reaction in which an alkyl halide loses a halide ion to produce an ether. The reaction involves configuration inversion at chiral centers and may be constrained by potential competing elimination reactions.
What is nucleophile?
An atom or molecule that seeks the positive center of a chemical reaction, such as the atom's nucleus, is referred to as a nucleophile in chemistry because it has an electron pair that is available for bonding.
Therefore, the moles of base should be equal the mole of phenol.
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Enter the complete ionic equation to show the reaction of aqueous lead(ii) nitrate with aqueous potassium sulfate.
The full ionic equation for the conversion of aqueous lead (II) nitrate to solid lead (II) sulfate and aqueous potassium nitrate is as follows:
What is ionic equation ?PbSO4(s) + 2 K+ + 2 NO3 = Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO3(aq), 2 K+(aq), and SO42(aq) (aq)
Let's look at the molecular formula that results in solid lead (II) sulfate and aqueous potassium nitrate when aqueous lead (II) nitrate and aqueous potassium sulfate interact. This reaction involves two displacements.
PbSO4(s) + 2 KNO3 = Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) (aq)
All ions and molecular species are included in the full ionic equation.
PbSO4(s) + 2 K+ + 2 NO3 = Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO3(aq), 2 K+(aq), and SO42(aq) (aq)
The full ionic equation for the conversion of aqueous lead (II) nitrate to solid lead (II) sulfate and aqueous potassium nitrate is as follows:
PbSO4(s) + 2 K+ + 2 NO3 = Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO3(aq), 2 K+(aq), and SO42(aq) (aq)
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What is the mass of 3.5 moles of Fe2O3?
Answer: 3.5 miles Fe203 = 55.89078 grams
Explanation:
the enthalpy of solution is positive when ch3cn dissolves in formaldehyde. use this information to list the stages in order of increasing enthalpy.
The enthalpy of solution ∆H is positive when CH3CN dissolves in formaldehyde. Use this information to list the stages in order of increasing enthalpy A<D<B<C.
The net result of the energy absorbed or dissipated as heat by the solution when a given amount of solute is dissolved in a solvent at constant pressure. The amount of heat released or absorbed when a substance melts is not constant. It depends on the final solute concentration.
The enthalpy of a solution is expressed in kJ/mol at a nearly constant temperature. The energy change can be viewed as consisting of three parts endothermic bond breaking in the solute and solvent and the formation of an attractive force between the solute and solvent. The enthalpy of a solution describes the total amount of heat absorbed or released when two substances go into the solution. This sum can be either positive or negative.
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what reaction conditions favor elimination in an acid-catalyzed dehydration? what reaction conditions favor elimination in an acid-catalyzed dehydration? the product is removed from the reaction mixture as it is formed the acid used has a strongly nucleophilic conjugate base low reaction temperature is used
Reaction conditions that favor elimination in an acid-catalyzed dehydration : product is removed from the reaction mixture when formed. For reaction to be completed, hypochlorous acid must be in excess during the reaction.
What is acid-catalyzed dehydration?Acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols takes place when an acid puts an extra hydrogen atom on the alcohol. This causes change in the OH alcohol group into an H2O or water group attached to the organic compound. When that particular molecule leaves then it leaves as water . Therefore dehydration occurs.
The activity of a solid acid on methanol dehydration reaction was found to be determined by the number of its acidic sites. The presence of such acid catalyst in the catalytic system shifts the methanol synthesis reaction, increasing the pass conversion of CO.
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How does the lattice energy for an ionic solid relate to the size of the ions in the ionic solid?.
As the lattice energy increases the size of the ionic solids will decrease.
Lattice energy can be defined as the energy required to convert one mole of an ionic solid into gaseous ionic constituents. Or else, it can also be defined as the energy that must be supplied to one mole of an ionic crystal in order to separate it into its gaseous ions in a vacuum through an endothermic process.
However, it also suggests the energy that facilitates the dissociation of one mole of a solid ionic compound into its constituent gaseous ions.
Lattice energy is inversely proportional to the size of the ions. So as the size of the ions increases, the lattice energy of the compound will decreases. Because as the size increases, the charge density gets distributed through out and so there is more distance between the electrons and hence the lattice energy will decrease.
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PLS HELP
When studying mythology, Jaalib reads a description that says a particular figure is "vernal." What can he guess about
the figure?
O
they are related to spring
O
they are related to autumn
O
they are related to the tides
they are related to the moon
Answer: They are related to spring.
Explanation:
It should be right, I got this question correct.
which is not a way for carbon dioxide to reach the atmosphere
The process that is not a way for carbon dioxide to reach the atmosphere is Photosynthesis; option C
What is the carbon cycle?The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the processes by which carbon is recycled between the living and non-living components of the environment.
The processes by which carbon is removed from the atmosphere and the processes by which carbon is returned to the atmosphere work together to ensure there is a balance of carbon in the environment.
The processes by which carbon is returned to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide include the following:
respiration by living organismsburning of fossils fuelsdeath and decay of living organismsThe processes by which carbon is removed from the atmosphere include the following:
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Complete question:
Which of the following is not a way for carbon dioxide to reach the atmosphere?
a. forest fires
b. respiration
c. photosynthesis
d. burning of fossil fuels
How many valence electrons does C6H12O6 (glucose) have?
C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) has 72 valence electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons present in the outermost shell of any atom. So first we will find out the total number of atoms in glucose.
Total number of atoms in C₆H₁₂O₆ are:
Number of carbon = 6
Number of hydrogen = 12
Number of oxygen = 6
Now we will find out the total number of valence electrons in each type of atom:
Valence electrons in carbon = 4
Valence electrons in hydrogen = 1
Valence electrons in oxygen = 6
Calculate the total number of valence electrons in C₆H₁₂O₆ by multiplying the number of atoms with the number of valence electrons for each element. And then sum up all the valence electrons.
valence electrons in C₆H₁₂O₆ = (6*4) + (12*1) + (6 * 6)
valence electrons in C₆H₁₂O₆ = 24 + 12 + 36
valence electrons in C₆H₁₂O₆ = 72
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Calcium carbonate is heated and decomposes to form calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Which statement is true about the difference between calcium carbonate and calcium oxide?
Calcium oxide has different physical and chemical properties as compared to calcium carbonate. Option 1.
Differences between calcium oxide and calcium carbonateCalcium carbonate and calcium oxide are unique from one another in terms of their physical and chemical properties, even though calcium oxide can be produced by the decomposition of calcium carbonate.
Both calcium carbonate and calcium oxide are only similar in terms of their color. They both appear white in color. Their differences include:
The chemical formula of calcium oxide is CaO while that of calcium carbonate is [tex]CaCO_3[/tex].Calcium oxide is able to react with water to form lime water, [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex]. Calcium carbonate, on the other hand, is insoluble in water.Both have different melting points.Calcium oxide cannot undergo a decomposition reaction, whereas, calcium carbonate can be decomposed further.Thus, both calcium carbonate and calcium oxide exhibit different chemical and physical properties.
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The complete question is as below:
Calcium carbonate is heated and decomposes to form calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Which statement is true about the difference between calcium carbonate and calcium oxide?
Calcium oxide has different physical properties and different chemical properties.Calcium oxide has the same physical properties and different chemical properties.Calcium oxide has the same physical properties and the same chemical properties.Calcium oxide has different physical properties and the same chemical properties.What mass of mgf2 is contained in 80. 85 g of a 22. 4% by mass solution of mgf2 in water?.
18.1 g is mass of mgf2 is contained in 80. 85 g of a 22. 4% by mass solution of mgf2 in water.
solution mass = 80.85 g
mass of solution percentage = 22.4%
% concentration = Mass of solute/Mass of solution × 100/1
22.4 = x/80.85 × 100/1
x = 22.4 × 80.85/100
x = 18.1 g
The quantity of substance that makes up an element's atom is known as its atomic mass. One-twelfth of the mass of the carbon-12 atom, with an assigned atomic mass of 12 units, is expressed as a multiple of 1.992646547 1023 gram, or in other words, 1.992646547 gram. One atomic mass unit is equivalent to 1.660539040 1024 grams on this scale (amu). The atomic mass unit is sometimes referred to as the dalton in honor of English scientist John Dalton (Da).
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block
wood with blac
4. Find the density of a piece of wood with a mass of 50.0 grams and a volume of 100. cm³.
=2g/cm3
Will it float on water?
The density of the wood will be 0.5g/cm³ . It will float in water because its density is than that of water i.e, 1g/cm³ .
Given that the mass of the substance is 50 g and its volume is 100cm³
So, its density will be given as,
Density= Mass/ Volume
=50/ 100 g/cm³
= 0.5 g/cm³
When placed in water, an object with a density greater than or less than that of water will float or sink, respectively. A substance's density is a defining characteristic that is independent of substance's volume.
The substance's density is less than that of water. Due to lower density than water, the substance will float on the surface of water.
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which elements are created in stellar nucleosynthesis? (select all that apply.) carbon nitrogen oxygen calcium iron hydrogen helium
Elements created in stellar nucleosynthesis are carbon, oxygen, iron, calcium .
What is stellar nucleosynthesis ?
Stellar nucleosynthesis is a process involving nuclear reactions in which new atomic nuclei are synthesized from existing nuclei or nucleons. The first stage of nucleosynthesis occurred in the hot early universe, producing H, He, and trace amounts of Li-7 (primordial nucleosynthesis). In today's universe, nucleosynthesis takes place as follows.
(1) thermonuclear reaction and explosion inside the star (nucleus formation up to the Fe peak), (2) neutron capture and explosion inside the star (nucleus formation above the Fe peak), (3) stars Spallation reactions in interstitial matter, where light nuclei (Li, Be, and B) arise from the fragmentation of heavy nuclei (C, N, and O).
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What effect does high temperature have on potato germination
Answer:
High temperatures reduced the growth of tubers more than of shoots. Photosynthetic rates were unaffected or increased slightly at the higher temperature. Heat stress increased the accumulation of foliar sucrose and decreased starch accumulation in mature leaves but did not affect glucose.
Explanation:
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