You are trying to purify a protein that is soluble in a solution of 2 M ammonium sulfate. After centrifugation to remove other proteins that have precipitated at this high salt concentration, you recover the supernatant to assay the target protein's activity in a cell culture system.
(a) Explain why the cell dies when incubated with the supernatant.
(b) What procedure could you preform to correct the problem?

Answer:

a) The cell dies because it was in a hypertonic medium, and it loses water due to the difference in pressure and may even die from dehydration.

b) To correct this, the cells can first be placed in an isotonic solution (one that has the same concentration of solute as a solution separated or isolated by a semi-permeable barrier). A method to remove the salt is called dialysis.

Explanation:

A protein purification is a series of processes that allow the isolation of protein from mixture. Thereby this process is vital for the characterization of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. It is therefore a very important procedure to perform correctly.

Ammonium sulfate is a salt whose chemical formula is (NH4)2SO4. The cells are in a 2M solution (2 moles of sulfuric acid per liter of solution). This is detrimental because the solution is hypertonic, it has a higher osmolarity in the external medium than inside the cell, so that a cell in such a solution loses water due to the pressure difference, i.e. osmotic pressure, and may even die from dehydration. The outflow of water from the cell continues until the osmotic pressure of the external medium and the cell are equal.

Centrifugation is a method by which solids can be separated from liquids of different density by means of a rotating force. After centrifugation, the supernatant will have a soluble part (proteins) and a pellet (cells and other insoluble parts). Thereby, the protein of interest would be recovered in the supernatant. But since the cell was not previously in a suitable medium, it could not carry out its metabolism and died and could not produce the protein of interest.

a) The cell dies because it was in a hypertonic medium, and it loses water due to the difference in pressure and may even die from dehydration.

b) To correct this, the cells can first be placed in an isotonic solution (one that has the same concentration of solute as a solution separated or isolated by a semi-permeable barrier). A method to remove the salt is called dialysis.

Dialysis is the process of separating molecules in a solution by the difference in their diffusion rates or osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. A solution of various types of molecules is placed in a semi-permeable dialysis bag, such as, for example, on a cellulose membrane with pores, and the bag is sealed. The sealed bag is placed in a beaker with pure water or another solution. Molecules small enough to pass through the pores (often water, salts and other small molecules) tend to move in or out of the dialysis bag in the direction of the lower concentration. However, larger molecules (such as DNA, proteins or polysaccharides) that are larger than the pore diameter are retained within the dialysis bag.

4. How should the fossils in the sediment layers of Earth appear if species have evolved over time?
A. All of the layers should contain fossils of simple organisms.
B. All of the layers should contain fossils of complex organisms.
C. The lower layers should contain fossils of more complex organisms.
D. The upper layers should contain fossils of more complex organisms.

A scientist observes an object approximately 11 km in length with an elliptical orbit around the Sun. The object is made of dust, ice, and rocky materials and passes Earth every 75 years.

can you please help me ​

In pea plants, flower color is controlled by a pair of alleles where purple (P) is dominant to white (p).

a. True
b. False

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition

Grouping items together to keep observations organized


inferring


predicting


classifying


observing

What are the key things to learn about a cell?

If there are more lynx than rabbit populations can support, how can there still be large lynx populations during that time?

If a diploid number is 42, then the haploid number is…

HELP!!! I need the answer and reasoning!!! I’ll mark as brainliest!!!

what is the botanical name of beans​

What is the important organelle that eukaryotic cells have and prokayotic cells don't have?

You are studying aging in budding yeast. With each division, mother yeast cells bud and divide, forming a daughter that has renewed replicative potential (in other words, it is rejuvenated). The mother, however, does not show a renewed replicative potential. You find that the mother cell dies after a few more divisions, but the daughter cell dies after it divides 30 or more times. What would you expect to see at a cellular level

list the 3 main types of rocks and the process of how they are craeted

population of zebras experienced ten births, six deaths to predation, three deaths to
disease, three individuals
pining the population, and zero individuals leaving. What is happening to the population growth?
It is increasing.
N
It is decreasing.
It is staying the same.
It reaches carrying capacity.

Can someone help me ASAP!!!

Providing an example from your day-to-day life, explain the functions of the nervous system.

HELP ASAP !!!!! I WILL GIVE POINTS. Complete the following sentence.
The animal _____
industry provides nearly 2 million American jobs.

List 3 properties of the
hair's cuticle

Складіть ланцюги живлення, починаючи з продуцентів і закінчуючи редуцентами:
а) сосна звичайна, жук-мертвоїд, хрущ (майський жук), бактерії гниття, шпак, плітка, неясить
сіра, мідянка;
б) рак, карась, павук-сріблянка, чапля сіра, ропуха озерна, щука, денні черви, хара ламка.

A scientist was given some cells in a test tube .When she did karyotyping studies on these cells, she found that they each consisted of 23 chromosomes with only one sex chromosome in each. Half of these cells had one" X" chromosome in each of the cells and the other half had one"Y" chromosome in each of the cells. From this information, which would be a reasonable conclusion?
a.
These could be cells taken from any part of the human body
b.
These are all gametes
c.
There is no way to tell what type of cells they are.

How would expect the biomass to change after ten days if seeds and plants were provided the following conditions?
No light, water (seeds sprouted): Stay the same, decrease, or increase
Light, water (seeds sprouted): Stay the same, decrease, or increase
Light, no water (seeds did not sprout): Stay the same, decrease, or increase

What are the consequences of humans adding gases and other substances to earth's atmosphere?

Which statement describes an autotroph?
.
A) an organism that breaks down and obtains energy stored in dead organic matter
B) an organism that captures energy from sunlight or chemicals and uses it to produce food
C) an organism that is completely reliant on consuming other organisms to obtain energy
D) an organism that meets its energy needs by feeding on organic matter or other organisms

HELP PLEASE
What behavior allows newborn animals to recognize and follow the first moving object they see?

Question 4 options:

conditioning


courting


mimicking


imprinting

How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?

Question 8 options:

These two processes have nothing in common.


They both have the same reactants (need the same things).


They both produce the same products.


What's produced (made) by one is needed (the reactants) for the other.

What are the three
parts of the hair SHAFT?

To survive, an organism must be able to maintain stable internal conditions in a changing environment. This process is called homeostasis. The Human Homeostasis Gizmo™ allows you to explore how the human body stays at a nearly constant temperature in different conditions. Notice the Air temp. and Body temp. thermometers representing the air temperature and body temperature.
1. What is the initial air temperature?
2. What is the initial body temperature?
3. Next to each factor listed below, write "increase," "decrease," or "same" based on how you expect that factor to affect body temperature.
A. Raising air temperature: __same____Sweating: __decrease___.
B. Lowering air temperature: ___increase___Shivering: __increase___.
C. Adding clothing: __increase_____Exercising: ___increase_____.

Rocky's class recently got pet turtles. When putting together the habitat, decomposers were added to the soil, as well as some smaller organisms that turtles eat. Some students wanted to get "fake" plants for the terrarium, but Rocky insisted that this would negatively affect the carbon and oxygen cycles.

Which of the following reasons support why Rocky is correct?

Group of answer choices

A) Carbon won't be removed from the air.

B) Photosynthesis won't occur.

C) The turtles won't be able to breathe.

D) All of these are correct.

Will mark as brainliest if correct

Ophrys sphegodes, the early spider orchid, has flowers with yellow-green sepals and petals and one highly modified, velvety brown central petal at the base of the flower. There is single male anther is found at the tip of the column. The stigma is on the underside of the column just below the anther.

Required:
a. Is the flower complete or incomplete?
b. Is the flower perfect or imperfect?
c. Is the flower radially or bilaterally symmetrical?

Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled below.



What is the purpose of this cellular process?