Answer:
It occurs because phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences may have insufficient resolution for distinguishing between closely related species
Another genomic method for streptococcal identification is whole-genome analysis (WGS)
Explanation:
The phylogenetic analysis of the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene sequences has recently been used to distinguish between prokaryotic species. However, this gene sometimes may show low resolution to distinguish between closely related species, and it has been suggested potential horizontal transference of rRNA genes. Moreover, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) has also been used to identify species. MLSA analysis consists of analyzing simultaneously different genes and this technique has shown to have a high capacity for establishing relationships between species within a genus or genera within a family. Finally, whole-genome analysis (WGS) is the most powerful tool for distinguishing between closely species. WGS is a technique that provides a very high resolution which is based on the analysis of large-scale genome sequencing data generated by next sequencing generation (NGS) technologies.
Suppose that you began a one-year study of tuberculosis (TB) in St. Petersburg on January 1st, 2018. You enrolled 200 residents in your study and checked on their TB status on a monthly basis. At the start of your study on January 1st, you screened all 200 residents. Upon screening, you found that 10 of the healthy residents were immigrants who were vaccinated for TB and so were not at risk. Another 10 residents already had existing cases of TB on January 1st. On February 1st, two residents developed TB. On April 1st, three more residents developed TB. On July 1st, three of the residents who had existing TB on January 1st died from their disease. The study ended on December 31, 2018. Assume that once a person gets TB, they have it for the duration of the study, and assume that all remaining residents stayed healthy and were not lost to follow-up.
What was the prevalence of TB in the screened community on January 1st?
Answer: 5%
Explanation:
The Prevalence rate is the term used to describe the percentage of a population that have contacted the disease being tested for. It is usually done over a certain period or a certain time.
The prevalence of TB in the screened community on January 1st therefore is;
= Number of infected/ No. of Tested residents
= 10/200
= 5%
How could research on mice or rats help answer our medical research questions — questions that are, after all, about humans?
Answer:
you could disect them or observe what they do by doing things like putting them in a maze or seeing what they do in front of a mirror.
Explanation:
would all changes to a DNA sequence change protein structure and functions?
Answer:
A change in the gene's DNA sequence may lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein. Even changing just one amino acid in a protein's sequence can affect the protein's overall structure and functions..
Explanation:
hope it helps..
complete measure in 2/4
One of half or it could 1/2 bc 2/4 is just half of 4
Each strand of a DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases that pair with other nitrogenous bases in very specific ways. A segment of a DNA strand is shown.
3’ GATCGATC 5’
Which complementary DNA strand pairs correctly with the strand above?
A. 5’ CTAGCTAG 3’
B. 5’ GATCGATC 3’
C. 5’ CUAGCUAG 3’
D. 5’ CATCGATC 3’
Each base pair forms a "rung of the DNA ladder" by joining two complementary DNA nucleotide bases. Two linked strands of DNA form a double helix, which is a structure that resembles a twisted ladder.
What is complementary base pairing in DNA molecule?Because they are complementary base pairs, adenine binds to thymine while guanine attaches to cytosine. The complimentary bases may unite to form a bond.
This aids in holding the DNA molecule's two antiparallel strands together to form the helix. The complimentary base pairing rule refers to this.
Cytosine pairs with guanine, while adenine pairs with thymine. The two strands are so complimentary to one another.
For instance, a complementary DNA strand will have the nucleotide sequence 5' CTAGCTAG 3' for a DNA strand with the nucleotide sequence 3' GATCGATC 5'.
Therefore, According to this rule, nucleotides A and T and bases G and C are always equally abundant in DNA.
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An energy pyramid is shown below. Which portion of the diagram represents the level with the least available energy?
Answer:
Explanation:
The top predator. This is because, when energy goes higher on the pyramid, ten percent is taken in by each animal, so less energy is left for each animal.
Photosynthesis/CR definition
Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants and some other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
Cellular Respiration is the process through which cells convert sugars into energy. To create ATP and other forms of energy to power cellular reactions, cells require fuel and an electron acceptor which drives the chemical process of turning energy into a useable form.
How does the water on earth regulate the earth temperature
Answer:
It absorbs a lot of the sun’s energy.
Explanation:
A large portion of the sun’s energy and heat is absorbed by the oceans, which causes water to evaporate. Water has a high heat capacity, and therefore absorbs a large portion of the sun’s heat, regulating the earth’s temperature.
To kill a fungus, you could use a fungi-_______
Answer:
antivirus
Explanation:
Different energy sources provide different benefits to individuals and the environment. What are some nonpolluting sources of energy? a. coal, oil, and natural gas. c. alcohol and acetylene. b. nuclear energy. d. wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.
Answer:
Its D
Explanation:
Because they cause no harm to the environment and they are very safe to the environment.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
I took the test on edge
Beta receptors:
O are cholinergic.
O bind acetylcholine.
O bind norepinephrine.
O bind the toxin muscarine.
Which stroke or style is usually swum in a warm-up?
Answer:
The #1 stroke referred to in the warm-up is the stroke you're focusing on in the upcoming session, your main event this session. After sitting around for an hour or so waiting for your event, it's important to wake up the muscles and increase the blood flowing through your body again.
Lesson 5 Student Activity Sheets: How do bacteria grow?
PREDICTION:
1. If you could zoom in really close to see what was happening on a petri dish, what do you think you
would see?
Answer:I need some points,, I hope y’all can understand
Explanation:
The growth of bacteria can be observed as the bacteria grows very rapidly and fast by the process of asexual reproduction. They continuously multiplied and in very short period of time they divided from one to thousands.
What is asexual reproduction?Asexual reproduction is defined as the process of reproduction in which only a single parent is involved. Reproduction has been defined as the process carried out by the living organisms and during the process of reproduction the living organisms produces their own young ones and feed them. Reproduction is the supreme quality of living things.
There are two types of reproduction and these are sexual and asexual reproduction. The process of reproduction in which two parents are involved is said to be sexual mode of reproduction and the process of reproduction in which only single parent is involved in known as asexual mode of reproduction. The example of asexual reproduction are budding, fragmentation, spore formation, and binary fission.
Therefore, The growth of bacteria can be observed as the bacteria grows very rapidly and fast by the process of asexual reproduction. They continuously multiplied and in very short period of time they divided from one to thousands.
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What factors should be taken into consideration when determining what raw materials to purchase? PLEASE HELP ME
Answer:
purity, value, composition, shelf life, potency, identity, and company appraisal.
Which factor does the moment magnitude scale estimate?
Answer:
Energy released
Explanation:
The moment magnitude scale estimates the total energy released by an earthquake.
Answer: The answer is Energy Released
Explanation: I Just did this Question.
What happens at the Pacific Ring of Fire?
Answer:
THE PACIFIC RING OF FIRE Is an area around the pacific ocean with a lot of volcanic activity. magma is under the surface and lava is above the surface.
The Ring of Fire is home to 75% of the world's volcanoes and 90% of its earthquakes. This movement results in deep ocean trenches, volcanic eruptions, and earthquake epicenters along the boundaries where the plates meet, called fault lines.
so in conclusion in the pacific area there is basically a lot of volcanic activity
hope it helps
its all i could think of : )
Explanation:
To which groups do most of the unknown species belong?
Answer:
insects and fungi
Explanation:
Consider the three different types of stem cells. Each one's ability to differentiate into new cells is slightly different. One type can differentiate into any cell, while another can only become specific cells. Select the answer that places the three types in the correct order, from widest range of differentiation to least able to differentiate (specific). (1 point)
A. totipotent, multipotent, pluripotent
B. pluripotent, totipotent, multipotent
C. totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent
D. pluripotent, multipotent, totipotent
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Totipotent can differentiate into any cell type-Pluripotent into less, and Multipotent being the most specialized.
The types of stems cells in the correct order, from widest range of differentiation to least able to differentiate will be C. totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent.
Totipotent simply means a single, immature cell that can give rise to a new organism. Pluripotent simply means substances that can be able to develop into different stem cells.
Lastly, the multipotent stem cells are the stem cells that can self-renew as they divide and then develop into multiple specialized cell types.
Therefore, the correct option is totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent.
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Where is energy stored in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Answer:
Chlorophyll is typically packed into stacks of membranes (called grana); it is in the grana where some of the sunlight is absorbed. Sunlight is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy-storing molecule in living organisms.
Explanation:
(nutrient Cycles)
1. described what "carbon-based life"
means:
2. what causes carbon to return to the atmosphere in a very short time?
3. if one or more nutrients are missing in soil what could happen to the plants?
4. in salt water, blank causes algal blooms whereas in freshwater blank algal blooms.
Question 20 of 25
Einstein's theory of general relativity was published in 1916. It became fully
accepted by scientists in the 1960s and is currently the best explanation of
gravity. Why did it take so long to become an accepted scientific theory?
A. The scientific community requires a certain amount of time before
a theory can be accepted.
B. No scientific laws could be found to validate the theory.
C. More evidence needed to be gathered to validate the ideas in the
theory.
D. Einstein's theory was difficult for many people to understand.
SUBMIT
Answer:
D. Einstein's theory was difficult for many people to understand.
Explanation:
Einstein’s theory of general Relativity was largely Ignored for three decades because scientists at the time thought the theory was too complex compared to Newton's.
Therefore, it took long before the general science community accepted Einstein's theory of general relativity because Einstein's theory was difficult for many people to understand.
"D. Einstein's theory was difficult for many people to understand."
A biochemist extracts a molecule from a cell. This molecule catalyzes a chemical reaction. To what class of molecules does it belong?
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D. Nucleic acids
Answer:
proteins create enzymes which speed up reaction
Enzymes are the molecules that catalyze biological reactions, while a catalyst is a material that aids in the occurrence of a chemical reaction, hence option A is correct.
How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?The crucial function of decreasing the activation energy of chemical events inside the cell is carried out by the majority of enzymes, which are proteins.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that significantly speed up reaction rates and have the propensity to be particular about particular reactants and products, a substrate is a term for the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed process.
Proteins are called enzymes to catalyze biological reactions that would not occur without them. For chemical reactions like digestion and cellular metabolism, these enzymes are necessary.
Therefore, since enzymes are a specific type of protein that catalyzes chemical events inside cells, they are excellent therapeutic targets, hence option A is correct.
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Which of the following is not a step in the process of natural selection
A. Individuals who have favorable traits survive and reproduce more than those individuals lacking such traits.
B. Members of a population possess heritable variations.
C. People select which individuals breed and which ones do not.
D. Over multiple generations of reproducing, a larger proportion of the population will have those favorable traits and thus adaptation has occurred.
F. The population produces more offspring than the environment can support.
Answer:
A step that is not part of natural selection is people select which individuals breed and which ones do not.
Explanation:
Natural selection is a process in which favorable or unfavorable environmental conditions determine the evolution of species, producing differences in their genotype over a long period of time.
As its name indicates, it is a natural selection, in which no intervention by people is contemplated, so that people cannot determine which individuals breed.
Natural selection implies that the characteristics on which the environment influences are inheritable, that there is genetic variability in the population and that the variability of these characteristics implies the ease of reproduction and survival capacity.
The other options do form part of natural selection, since they are based on the three premises of this process:
Inheritable characteristics. Genetic variability. The variability of characteristics influences reproduction and survival.In which phases is chromatin condensed?
Answer:
In stage 2
Explanation:
During interphase (1), chromatin is in its least condensed state and appears loosely distributed throughout the nucleus. Chromatin condensation begins during prophase (2) and chromosomes become visible. Chromosomes remain condensed throughout the various stages of mitosis (2-5).
Transcription takes places in the nucleus of the cell. what happens during transcription?
Answer:
Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.
Answer:
the nucleus is giving the cell instructions on what to do.
Explanation:
I did it on edge
When you feel cold, there are sensors in your skin that tell the brain you need to warm up. The brain sends messages, by way of nerves, to the muscles in your body causing them to contract and relax very quickly resulting in a shiver. The movement of the muscles during a shiver generates heat which can be used to warm up the surrounding tissues. Which characteristic(s) of life is being represented during this action?
A) respond to stimuli
B) maintain homeostasis
C) growth and adaptation
D) respond to stimuli and maintain homeostasis
Which of the following bio molecule groups is described by the roles and functions listed above
Answer:
Explanation:
Some of the important functional groups in biological molecules are shown above: hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl (not shown). These groups play an important role in the formation of molecules like DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
If I have 12 neutrons and 11 protons what is the total atomic mass?
Answer:
23
Explanation:
Mass number is the total of the protons and neutrons together, and it is given the symbol A. Example: A sodium atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons; its mass number A is 23.
Answer:
23
Explanation:
atomic mass is the total of protons and neutrons therefore it's 23
A red blood cell is placed in a salty solution. When it shrivets due to loss of water, we say it has
•become turgid
•plasmolyzed
•lysed
•crenated
Answer:
It's crenated ( I asked Google btw)
Why do some dominant traits have two different types of alleles?
Answer:
you inherit 2 alleles for each genes. one comes from your biological mom and the other comes from you biological father. if the alleles are identical like when both your parents have brown eyes and that it will cause you to have brown eye color. some alleles are dominant while the rest are recessive. the dominant trait is more stronger than recessive trait. It is a strictly relative effect between two alleles of a given gene of any function; one allele can be dominant over a second allele of the same gene, recessive to a third and co-dominant with a fourth. Additionally, one allele may be dominant for one trait but not others.
Explanation: